Hernies Ombilicales Étranglées De L’enfant Au Centre Hospitalier Régional De Ziguinchor (Sénégal)

The umbilical hernia is a well-known pathology even though, its strangulation has been subject to much controversy. The aim of this work is to report our experience in the management of strangulated hernia of the child at the Ziguinchor regional hospital and to compare our results with those of the literature through a retrospective and descriptive study over a four years period. During the study period 24 patients with high male predominance were received. The mean age of the patients was 2.1 years. 45% of patients had a chronic cough. The average time for consultation was 27.6 hours. A notion of abdominal abrupt was found in 45% of the cases. The vast majority of patients arrived at the hospital during the dry season. Abdominal pain and vomiting were the main symptoms. An occlusive syndrome was present in about half of the patients. The diameter of the collar of the hernia varied between 1.5 and 2.5 cm and no intestinal necrosis was found during exploration. The surgery was simple in the majority of cases. Umbilical hernia is a reality in under-developed environment some factors promotes its complications

Contribution of Dehydration and Malnutrition to the Mortality of Children 0-59 Month of Age in a Senegalese Pediatric Hospital

In-hospital mortality is an indicator of the quality of care. We analyzed the mortality of under five years children of Pediatric ward of Aristide Le Dantec teaching hospital to update our data, after an previous study conducted ten years earlier.Methods: This was a retrospective study involving children 0-59 months of age, hospitalized from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012.For each child, nutritional status was assessed according to 2006 World Health Organization growth standards; clinical and biological data were recorded. The outcome of the disease was specified. Bivariate and multivariable were used to identify risk factors for death.Results: 393 children were included. Overall mortality rate was 10% (39/393). Factors associated with death were severe wasting [OR = 8.27, 95% CI [3.79-18], male gender (OR = 2.98, 95% CI [1.25-7.1]), dehydration (OR = 5.4, 95% CI [2.54-13.43]) in the model using the weight-for- height z score, male gender (OR = 2.5, 95% CI [1.11-5.63]), dehydration (OR = 8.43, 95% CI [3.83-18.5]) in using the height- for- age z score, male gender (OR = 2.7, 95% CI [1.19-6.24]), dehydration (OR = 7.5, 95% CI [3.39-16.76]), severe underweight (OR = 2.4, 95% CI [1.11-5.63]), in the model using the weight-for- age z score, and male gender (OR = 2.5, 95% CI [1.11-5.63]), dehydration (OR = 8.43, 95% CI [3.83-18.5]) in that using MUAC.Dehydration and malnutrition are two independent factors of mortality. Our management protocols of dehydration and malnutrition have to be updated. Screening malnutrition has to be done systematically for each child by anthropometric measurements using WHO growth standards

Non-livestock value chains. Lateral thinking for the securing of the Sahelian livestock economies

In a rapid rural appraisal conducted in 2012 in the Senegalese Sahel, agropastoralists of Thiel expressed their need for technical and scientific support in peanut value chain development. Value chain analysis assessed the performance of the stakeholders. Multiple correspondence analysis clarified power relationships among them. Social network analysis facilitated the understanding of social and technical relationships inside the particular node of agropastoralists. Results show that the peanut crop is both a source of cash flow (marketing) and a pillar of food (basic consumption) and feed (by-products) security. This paper also highlights a lack of convenient economic environments, mutual assistance, capacity transfer and knowledge sharing on the best agricultural practices among agropastoralists, despite their weak production performance. Agropastoralists have no influence in the peanut value chain and are dependent on decisions from other actors. Technical support and knowledge sharing appear to be key for agropastoralists to control and adopt agricultural innovations. (Résumé d'auteur

Study of The Fermentescibilty of Typha Domingensis in Mode Mesophilic

To assess the energy potential of the species Typha domingensis, tests were conducted in the laboratory to determine assess the amount of biogas produced per liter of fermentor per kg dry matter (ms). Thus, after 37 days of fermentation in a digester 1000ml containing 150g biomass production cumulative biogas obtained is 8955 ml titrating 40.4% methane, is 59.70 ml / g of biomass (1 , 61l /g/ j) or 0.24 l /l /j). This plant species has an identical biogas that of Euphorbia Tirucalli digested in the same conditions of temperature and preparation. However Typha biogas produces less than the stomachs of cattle (0,65l / lj) but more than the sewage sludge (0,11l / lj)

Tumeurs sub-mandibulaires: profils épidémiologiques et histologiques

Introduction: Il s'agit de déterminer les profils épidémiologiques et histologiques des tumeurs submandibulaires.Méthodes: Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective et descriptive de 10 ans (1er janvier 2000 au 31  décembre 2009), réalisée dans le service universitaire d'ORL de l'hôpital de Fann. Etaient inclus dans cette étude tous patients porteurs d'une tumeur submandibulaire (opéré ou non), confirmée par un  document histologique. Résultats: Vingt-une tumeurs submandibulaires ont été colligées. L'âge moyen des patients était de 34,42 ans (± 14,10), avec des extrêmes de 2 et 55 ans. Quinze patients (71,4%) étaient de sexe féminin, soit un sex-ratio de 0,4. Les résultats histologiques étaient obtenus à partir de 4 biopsies et de 17 pièces opératoires. Dans 13 cas (61,9%) la tumeur était bénigne et dans 8 cas (38,1%) la tumeur était maligne. L'adénome pléomorphe dans 12 cas (57,1%), le carcinome épidermoïde dans 4 cas (19%) et l'adénocarcinome dans 2 cas (9,5%) étaient les types histologiques fréquents. Treize (13) patients étaient porteurs d'une tumeur bénigne, dont huit (8) patients étaient de sexe féminin. Huit (8) patients étaient porteurs d'une tumeur maligne. Sept patients étaient de sexe féminin. Conclusion: Cette étude sur les tumeurs submandibulaires est marquée par une prédominance féminine et une fréquence élevée des adénomes pléomorphes et des carcinomes  épidermoïdes.Key words: Glande submandibulaire, tumeur, epidémiologie, histologie

Woody plant cover estimation in drylands from Earth Observation based seasonal metrics

peer reviewedFrom in situ measured woody cover we develop a phenology driven model to estimate the canopy cover of woody species in the Sahelian drylands at 1 km scale. The model estimates the total canopy cover of all woody phanerophytes and the concept is based on the significant difference in phenophases of dryland trees, shrubs and bushes as compared to that of the herbaceous plants. Whereas annual herbaceous plants are only green during the rainy season and senescence occurs shortly after flowering towards the last rains, most woody plants remain photosynthetically active over large parts of the year. We use Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Satellite pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) — VEGETATION (VGT) Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) time series and test 10 metrics representing the annual FAPAR dynamics for their ability to reproduce in situ woody cover at 43 sites (163 observations between 1993 and 2013) in the Sahel. Both multi-year field data and satellite metrics are averaged to produce a steady map. Multiple regression models using the integral of FAPAR from the onset of the dry season to the onset of the rainy season, the start date of the growing season and the rate of decrease of the FAPAR curve achieve a cross validated r2/RMSE (in % woody cover) of 0.73/3.0 (MODIS) and 0.70/3.2 (VGT). The extrapolation to Sahel scale shows agreement between VGT and MODIS at an almost nine times higher woody cover than in the global tree cover product MOD44B which only captures trees of a certain minimum size. The derived woody cover map of the Sahel is made publicly available and represents an improvement of existing products and a contribution for future studies of drylands quantifying carbon stocks, climate change assessment, as well as parametrization of vegetation dynamic models

Aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques des ostéosarcomes de l’enfant au CHU Aristide le Dantec de Dakar: à propos de 16 cas

Le but de cette étude était de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques des ostéosarcomes de l’enfant. Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective sur dix ans qui a colligé 16 dossiers d’ostéosarcome pris en charge au service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique de l’hôpital Aristide Le Dantec de Dakar. Les paramètres étudiés étaient le niveau d’instruction et le niveau socioprofessionnel des parents, l’origine géographique, l’âge, le sexe, les antécédents particuliers, le délai de consultation, les motifs de consultation, les signes physiques, les signes radiologiques, la biologie, les modalités thérapeutiques et l’évolution. Tous les patients avaient bénéficié d’un examen anatomopathologique qui a confirmé le diagnostic d’ostéosarcome. Pour la majeure partie de nos patients (58% des cas) les parents avaient un niveau d’instruction bas. L’âge moyen était de 11ans. Une prédominance masculine était retrouvée avec un sex-ratio de 3,25 :1. Le délai de consultation moyen était de 16 mois. Le principal motif de consultation était la tuméfaction (10 cas). Huit patients avaient bénéficié d’un traitement traditionnel. La taille de la tumeur était supérieure à 10cm dans 14 cas. La localisation la plus fréquente était le genou (14 cas). La radiographie standard retrouvait dans 15 cas des images d’ostéolyse. Le bilan d’extension n’avait pas retrouvé de métastases. Les options thérapeutiques étaient dominées par l’amputation seule (43,75% des cas). La survie à 2 ans était de 17%. L’ostéosarcome atteint le plus souvent le garçon après l’âge de 10 ans. Sa prise en charge au Sénégal se heurte à d’énormes difficultés liées au retard diagnostique. La solution repose essentiellement sur une collaboration pluridisciplinaire.Pan African Medical Journal 2013; 14: 10