L'analisi metabolomica nello screening delle neoplasie indeterminate della tiroide

Una delle prime manifestazioni del carcinoma della tiroide è la presenza di un nodulo tiroideo clinicamente valutabile nel collo del paziente, un reperto clinico estremamente frequente nella popolazione. L'esclusione di una patologia maligna in un paziente con un nodulo tiroideo rimane quindi una sfida dell'attività medica, poiché richiede l'identificazione del carcinoma tiroideo fra numerose condizioni benigne maggiormente rappresentate. L'agoaspirato gioca un ruolo essenziale, riducendo la percentuale di operazioni tiroidee non necessarie ed indirizzando i pazienti con carcinoma verso la chirurgia. Un'importante limitazione dell'agoaspirato è però la mancanza di sensibilità nella valutazione delle neoplasie a pattern follicolare, a causa dell'incapacità di differenziare lesioni benigne (adenomi follicolari) da quelle maligne (carcinoma follicolare o variante follicolare del carcinoma papillare), portando alla diagnosi di “neoplasia indeterminata” dal 10 al 30% dei casi. Le linee guida per il trattamento di questi pazienti indicano come necessaria l'asportazione chirurgica, poiché solo l'esame istologico definitivo è capace di una discriminazione sicura fra le forme benigne e maligne delle neoplasie follicolari. La percentuale di lesioni maligne nel gruppo “indeterminato” varia però dal 14% al 20%, indicando quindi che la maggior parte di questi pazienti è sottoposta ad una operazione chirurgica, e a tutti i rischi ad essa correlati, non necessaria. Per superare le limitazioni dell'esame citologico sono state sviluppate tecniche di immunoistochimica o basate su genomica e proteomica, che tuttavia non si sono dimostrate capaci di risolvere questo problema. Più recentemente l'analisi metabolomica è stata proposta come una nuova metodologia in grado di completare le informazioni date dalla genomica e dalla proteomica, andando ad analizzare tutti i cambiamenti metabolici di un organismo vivente in risposta a fattori patologici o ambientali. In questo lavoro usiamo la spettroscopia di risonanza magnetica nucleare per individuare metaboliti di basso peso molecolare connessi a lesioni maligne della tiroide. Inizialmente abbiamo identificato le differenze metaboliche fra tessuti tiroidei sani e patologici, in un secondo tempo abbiamo testato l'efficienza dell'analisi metabolomica per discriminare fra neoplasie benigne e maligne e più specificatamente per la diagnosi delle neoplasie a pattern follicolare. Siccome lo scopo di questo progetto è di rendere questo metodo adatto ad un uso clinico, abbiamo infine focalizzato la nostra attenzione sull'analisi metabolomica degli agoaspirati

Radiologic Imaging of the In Vivo Position of the New Supraglottic Airway Device Spritztube® in an Adult Patient—A Case Report

Spritztube® is a new supraglottic airway device that allows either extraglottic ventilation or orotracheal intubation with the same device. The aim of the present report is to provide the first radiologic images of the Spritztube in situ in a living human and to assess the depth of insertion and its anatomical relationships in vivo. We present the case of a 55-year-old man who was admitted to our centre to perform an interventional neuroradiological procedure. We obtained and analysed radiologic images of the head and neck of an adult patient to ascertain the position of the cuffs of the Spritztube relative to different anatomic structures. The insertion and depth of the device, correct tip positioning, effects of the distal and proximal cuffs on adjacent soft tissues, and the position of the pharyngeal cuff from the cranial to the hyoid bone were evaluated. Our report shows that Spritztube could be helpful in maintaining an adequate airway during radiologic procedures

The use of intra-abdominal drain in minimally invasive right colectomy: a propensity score matched analysis on postoperative outcomes

PURPOSE: No evidences supporting or not the use of intra-abdominal drain (AD) in minimally invasive right colectomies have been published. This study aims to assess the outcomes on its use after robotic or laparoscopic right colectomies. METHODS: This is a multicenter propensity score matched study including patients who underwent minimally invasive right colectomy with (AD group) or without (no-AD group) the use of AD between February 1, 2007, and January 31, 2018. AD patients were matched to no-AD patients in a 1:1 ratio. Main outcomes were postoperative morbidity and mortality and anastomotic leak. RESULTS: A total of 653 patients were included. Of 149 (22.8%) no-AD patients, 124 could be matched. The rate of postoperative complications (AD n =\u200926, 21% vs. no-AD n =\u200926, 21%; p =\u20091.000), mortality (AD n =\u20092, 1.6% vs. no-AD n =\u20091, 0.8%; p =\u20091.000), anastomotic leak (AD n =\u20092, 1.6% vs. no-AD n =\u20095, 4.0%; p =\u20090.453), and wound infection (AD n =\u20099, 7.3% vs. no-AD n =\u20096, 4.8%; p =\u20090.581) did not significantly differ between the groups. Time to oral feeding was significantly shorter in the no-AD group [2 (1-3) vs. 3 (2-3), p =\u20090.0001]. The median length of hospital stay was 8 (IQR 7-9) in the AD group while it was 6 (IQR 5-9) in the no-AD group (p =\u20090.010). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the use of AD after minimally invasive right colectomies has no influence on postoperative morbidity and mortality rate

Body mass index and complications following major gastrointestinal surgery: A prospective, international cohort study and meta-analysis

Aim Previous studies reported conflicting evidence on the effects of obesity on outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship of obesity with major postoperative complications in an international cohort and to present a metaanalysis of all available prospective data. Methods This prospective, multicentre study included adults undergoing both elective and emergency gastrointestinal resection, reversal of stoma or formation of stoma. The primary end-point was 30-day major complications (Clavien–Dindo Grades III–V). A systematic search was undertaken for studies assessing the relationship between obesity and major complications after gastrointestinal surgery. Individual patient meta-analysis was used to analyse pooled results. Results This study included 2519 patients across 127 centres, of whom 560 (22.2%) were obese. Unadjusted major complication rates were lower in obese vs normal weight patients (13.0% vs 16.2%, respectively), but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.863) on multivariate analysis for patients having surgery for either malignant or benign conditions. Individual patient meta-analysis demonstrated that obese patients undergoing surgery formalignancy were at increased risk of major complications (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.49–2.96, P < 0.001), whereas obese patients undergoing surgery for benign indications were at decreased risk (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46–0.75, P < 0.001) compared to normal weight patients. Conclusions In our international data, obesity was not found to be associated with major complications following gastrointestinal surgery. Meta-analysis of available prospective data made a novel finding of obesity being associated with different outcomes depending on whether patients were undergoing surgery for benign or malignant disease

Body mass index and complications following major gastrointestinal surgery: a prospective, international cohort study and meta-analysis.

AIM: Previous studies reported conflicting evidence on the effects of obesity on outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship of obesity with major postoperative complications in an international cohort and to present a meta-analysis of all available prospective data. METHODS: This prospective, multicentre study included adults undergoing both elective and emergency gastrointestinal resection, reversal of stoma or formation of stoma. The primary end-point was 30-day major complications (Clavien-Dindo Grades III-V). A systematic search was undertaken for studies assessing the relationship between obesity and major complications after gastrointestinal surgery. Individual patient meta-analysis was used to analyse pooled results. RESULTS: This study included 2519 patients across 127 centres, of whom 560 (22.2%) were obese. Unadjusted major complication rates were lower in obese vs normal weight patients (13.0% vs 16.2%, respectively), but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.863) on multivariate analysis for patients having surgery for either malignant or benign conditions. Individual patient meta-analysis demonstrated that obese patients undergoing surgery for malignancy were at increased risk of major complications (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.49-2.96, P < 0.001), whereas obese patients undergoing surgery for benign indications were at decreased risk (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46-0.75, P < 0.001) compared to normal weight patients. CONCLUSIONS: In our international data, obesity was not found to be associated with major complications following gastrointestinal surgery. Meta-analysis of available prospective data made a novel finding of obesity being associated with different outcomes depending on whether patients were undergoing surgery for benign or malignant disease

Body mass index and complications following major gastrointestinal surgery: A prospective, international cohort study and meta-analysis

Aim Previous studies reported conflicting evidence on the effects of obesity on outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship of obesity with major postoperative complications in an international cohort and to present a metaanalysis of all available prospective data. Methods This prospective, multicentre study included adults undergoing both elective and emergency gastrointestinal resection, reversal of stoma or formation of stoma. The primary end-point was 30-day major complications (Clavien\u2013Dindo Grades III\u2013V). A systematic search was undertaken for studies assessing the relationship between obesity and major complications after gastrointestinal surgery. Individual patient meta-analysis was used to analyse pooled results. Results This study included 2519 patients across 127 centres, of whom 560 (22.2%) were obese. Unadjusted major complication rates were lower in obese vs normal weight patients (13.0% vs 16.2%, respectively), but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.863) on multivariate analysis for patients having surgery for either malignant or benign conditions. Individual patient meta-analysis demonstrated that obese patients undergoing surgery formalignancy were at increased risk of major complications (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.49\u20132.96, P &lt; 0.001), whereas obese patients undergoing surgery for benign indications were at decreased risk (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46\u20130.75, P &lt; 0.001) compared to normal weight patients. Conclusions In our international data, obesity was not found to be associated with major complications following gastrointestinal surgery. Meta-analysis of available prospective data made a novel finding of obesity being associated with different outcomes depending on whether patients were undergoing surgery for benign or malignant disease