Fetal sexing by ultrasonography identifying the genital tubercle or external genitalia of American Alpine goats

Neste trabalho objetivou-se diagnosticar precocemente o sexo de fetos caprinos da raça Alpina Americana através da ultra-sonografia, identificando-se a posição final do tubérculo genital (TG) ou visualizando-se as estruturas anatômicas da genitália externa, bem como avaliar a acurácia da sexagem fetal resultante de exame único ou repetido. No Grupo I (GI), identificou-se o sexo levando-se em consideração o posicionamento final do TG, e no Grupo II (GII) a presença de estruturas anatômicas da genitália externa. Realizaram-se os exames por via transretal com aparelho de ultra-som (240 Parus - Pie Medical) equipado com transdutor linear de 6 e 8 MHz. No GI, 52 fetos de 32 matrizes foram monitorados em intervalos de doze horas, do 40º ao 60º dia de gestação. No GII, submeteram-se 34 fetos de 24 matrizes com gestação entre 45 e 70 dias a exame único. A acurácia da sexagem no GI foi de 100% na gestação simples, 87,5% na dupla e 66,7% na tríplice, sendo registrada diferença significativa (P 0,05) entre ambas. A migração do TG genital ocorreu, em média, no 46,4 ± 2,1 dia de gestação. Os resultados permitem concluir que a ultra-sonografia é um método apropriado para diagnosticar precocemente o sexo fetal através da identificação da posição final do TG ou da visualização de estruturas anatômicas da genitália externa e que exames repetidos não aumentam a acurácia da sexagem fetal na gestação múltipla. __________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to diagnostic previously the gender of American Alpine fetuses by ultrasonography identifying the final position of the genital tubercle (GT) or viewing the anatomical structures of external genitalia, as well as to evaluate the accuracy of fetal sexing by single or repeated exams. In Group I (GI), the gender was defined by the final position of the GT and in Group II (GII) by the anatomical structures of external genitalia. The exami¬nations were carried out with an ultrasound device by via transrectal equipped with a linear transducer with 6.0 and 8.0 MHz. In GI, 52 fetuses of 32 goats were monitored each 12 hours, from 40th to the 60th day of pregnancy. In GII, the examination was performed only once in 34 fetuses of 24 goats with pregnancy between 45 and 70 days. The accuracy in GI was 100% in single, 87.5% in twin and 66.7% in triple pregnancy, with significant difference (P 0.05) between single and twin pregnancies. The final migration of GT occured on the 46.4 ± 2.1 days of pregnancy. The results allow to conclude that ultrasonography is a suitable method to early diagnostic the fetal sex by visualization of final position of GT or by identification of external genitalia structures and that repeated exams did not increase the accuracy of fetal sexing on the multiple pregnancy

SEXAGEM FETAL PELA ULTRA-SONOGRAFIA IDENTIFICANDO-SE O TUBÉRCULO GENITAL OU A GENITÁLIA EXTERNA DE CAPRINOS DA RAÇA ALPINA AMERICANA

Neste trabalho objetivou-se diagnosticar precoce¬mente o sexo de fetos caprinos da raça Alpina Americana através da ultra-sonografia, identificando-se a posição final do tubérculo genital (TG) ou visualizando-se as estruturas anatômicas da genitália externa, bem como avaliar a acu¬rácia da sexagem fetal resultante de exame único ou repe¬tido. No Grupo I (GI), identificou-se o sexo levando-se em consideração o posicionamento final do TG, e no Grupo II (GII) a presença de estruturas anatômicas da genitália externa. Realizaram-se os exames por via transretal com aparelho de ultra-som (240 Parus - Pie Medical) equipado com transdutor linear de 6 e 8 MHz. No GI, 52 fetos de 32 matrizes foram monitorados em intervalos de doze horas, do 40º ao 60º dia de gestação. No GII, submeteram-se 34 fetos de 24 matrizes com gestação entre 45 e 70 dias a exame único. A acurácia da sexagem no GI foi de 100% na gestação simples, 87,5% na dupla e 66,7% na tríplice, sen¬do registrada diferença significativa (P 0,05) entre ambas. A migração do TG genital ocorreu, em média, no 46,4 ± 2,1 dia de gestação. Os resultados permitem concluir que a ultra-sonografia é um método apropriado para diagnosticar precocemente o sexo fetal através da identificação da posição final do TG ou da visualização de estruturas anatômicas da genitália externa e que exames repetidos não aumentam a acurácia da sexagem fetal na gestação múltipla. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Bolsa escrotal, prepúcio, tetas, vulva

EFEITO DE VERMIFUGAÇÃO ESTRATÉGICA, COM PRINCÍPIO ATIVO À BASE DE IVERMECTINA NA INCIDÊNCIA DE PARASITOS GASTRINTESTINAIS NO REBANHO CAPRINO DA UFPI

Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia de vermifugação realizada durante um ano no rebanho caprino da raça anglonubiana da Universidade Federal do Piauí, sendo a estratégia adotada caracterizada por vermifugações no período seco e no período chuvoso, com princípio ativo à base de ivermectina em aplicação oral. Avaliou-se a prevalência estacional de nematódeos gastrintestinais em cabritos, machos e fêmeas de seis a dez meses, cabra e reprodutor. Estimou-se o número médio de ovos e larvas de acordo com a época do ano, considerando-se os exames mensais como repetições dentro da época. Os resultados foram interpretados com base em estatísticas descritiva,médias e desvios padrões. Constatou-se baixa prevalência de ovos de nematódeos, oocistos de protozoários e larvas infectantes. Entretanto a variabilidade dentro da estação foi alta e, portanto, não se pode estabelecer com segurança associação entre a freqüência dos parasitas com a categoria animal, nem mesmo com a época do ano, mas há indícios de que a estratégia de vermifugação adotada interferiu no ciclo parasitário, alterando a maior incidência de parasitos gastrintestinais durante o período chuvoso. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Caprino, helmintos gastrintestinais, protozoários

Age-Related Metabolic Pathways Changes in Dental Follicles: A Pilot Study

Aging is not a matter of choice; it is our fate. The “time-dependent functional decline that affects most living organisms” is coupled with several alterations in cellular processes, such as cell senescence, epigenetic alterations, genomic instability, stem cell exhaustion, among others. Age-related morphological changes in dental follicles have been investigated for decades, mainly motivated by the fact that cysts and tumors may arise in association with unerupted and/or impacted teeth. The more we understand the physiology of dental follicles, the more we are able to contextualize biological events that can be associated with the occurrence of odontogenic lesions, whose incidence increases with age. Thus, our objective was to assess age-related changes in metabolic pathways of dental follicles associated with unerupted/impacted mandibular third molars from young and adult individuals. For this purpose, a convenience sample of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) dental follicles from young (<16 y.o., n = 13) and adult (>26 y.o., n = 7) individuals was selected. Samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics. Multivariate and univariate analyses were conducted, and the prediction of altered pathways was performed by mummichog and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) approaches. Dental follicles from young and older individuals showed differences in pathways related to C21-steroid hormone biosynthesis, bile acid biosynthesis, galactose metabolism, androgen and estrogen biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and lipoate metabolism. We conclude that metabolic pathways differences related to aging were observed between dental follicles from young and adult individuals. Our findings support that similar to other human tissues, dental follicles associated with unerupted tooth show alterations at a metabolic level with aging, which can pave the way for further studies on oral pathology, oral biology, and physiology

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

SEXAGEM FETAL PELA ULTRA-SONOGRAFIA IDENTIFICANDO-SE O TUBÉRCULO GENITAL OU A GENITÁLIA EXTERNA DE CAPRINOS DA RAÇA ALPINA AMERICANA FETAL SEXING BY ULTRASONOGRAPHY IDENTIFYING THE GENITAL TUBERCLE OR EXTERNAL GENITALIA OF AMERICAN ALPINE GOATS

Neste trabalho objetivou-se diagnosticar precoce¬mente o sexo de fetos caprinos da raça Alpina Americana através da ultra-sonografia, identificando-se a posição final do tubérculo genital (TG) ou visualizando-se as estruturas anatômicas da genitália externa, bem como avaliar a acu¬rácia da sexagem fetal resultante de exame único ou repe¬tido. No Grupo I (GI), identificou-se o sexo levando-se em consideração o posicionamento final do TG, e no Grupo II (GII) a presença de estruturas anatômicas da genitália externa. Realizaram-se os exames por via transretal com aparelho de ultra-som (240 Parus - Pie Medical) equipado com transdutor linear de 6 e 8 MHz. No GI, 52 fetos de 32 matrizes foram monitorados em intervalos de doze horas, do 40º ao 60º dia de gestação. No GII, submeteram-se 34 fetos de 24 matrizes com gestação entre 45 e 70 dias a exame único. A acurácia da sexagem no GI foi de 100% na gestação simples, 87,5% na dupla e 66,7% na tríplice, sen¬do registrada diferença significativa (P < 0,05) entre gesta¬ção simples e tríplice. No GII, a acurácia foi de 85,7% na gestação simples e de 80,0% na dupla, não sendo obser¬vada diferença (P > 0,05) entre ambas. A migração do TG genital ocorreu, em média, no 46,4 ± 2,1 dia de gestação. Os resultados permitem concluir que a ultra-sonografia é um método apropriado para diagnosticar precocemente o sexo fetal através da identificação da posição final do TG ou da visualização de estruturas anatômicas da genitália externa e que exames repetidos não aumentam a acurácia da sexagem fetal na gestação múltipla. 
 
 PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Bolsa escrotal, prepúcio, tetas, vulva. The aim of this study was to diagnostic previously the gender of American Alpine fetuses by ultrasonography identifying the final position of the genital tubercle (GT) or viewing the anatomical structures of external genitalia, as well as to evaluate the accuracy of fetal sexing by single or repeated exams. In Group I (GI), the gender was defined by the final position of the GT and in Group II (GII) by the anatomical structures of external genitalia. The exami¬nations were carried out with an ultrasound device by via transrectal equipped with a linear transducer with 6.0 and 8.0 MHz. In GI, 52 fetuses of 32 goats were monitored each 12 hours, from 40th to the 60th day of pregnancy. In GII, the examination was performed only once in 34 fetuses of 24 goats with pregnancy between 45 and 70 days. The accuracy in GI was 100% in single, 87.5% in twin and 66.7% in triple pregnancy, with significant difference (P < 0.05) between single and triplet pregnancies. In GII, the accuracy was 85.7% in single and 80.0% in twin pregnancy, without significant difference (P > 0.05) between single and twin pregnancies. The final migration of GT occured on the 46.4 ± 2.1 days of pregnancy. The results allow to conclude that ultrasonography is a suitable method to early diagnostic the fetal sex by visualization of final position of GT or by identification of external genitalia structures and that repeated exams did not increase the accuracy of fetal sexing on the multiple pregnancy. 
 
 KEY-WORDS: Nipples, prepuce, scrotal bag, vulv

Profile of patients attended by the speech therapists of the home care service

ABSTRACT Objective: to ascertain the profile of home care service (HCS) users with speech and language complaints in João Pessoa, Paraíba (PB). Methods: a descriptive and quantitative study using an indirect documentation technique based on an analysis of primary source documents, characterized as a documentary study, conducted at a HCS, in João Pessoa, PB, that stores user information in the form of medical records. All patient records included by the HCS from June 2012 to June 2016 were analyzed. After the eligibility criteria were applied, the sample consisted of 114 medical records. The collected data were entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to generate descriptive statistics using IBM SPSS (version 21.0). Results: most patients were males (59.6%), elderly (62.3%), had been diagnosed with a stroke (57.9%),had histories of dysphagia (76.3%), speech problems (58.8%), swallowing disorders (80.7%), and abnormal chewing (77.2%). Dysphagia is often associated with stroke, predominantly among males and the elderly. Conclusion difficulty in swallowing, or dysphagia, is often associated with stroke, predominantly in the presence of the sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with men and the elderly