Propriedades estruturais locais e magnéticas de nanopartículas a base de ferrita de níquel

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Física, 2011.Esse trabalho visa o estudo das propriedades estruturais locais de nanopartículas de ferrita de níquel utilizadas na elaboração de fluidos magnéticos de dupla camada elétrica (EDL-MF). Essas nanopartículas, obtidos por um método de coprecipitação hidrotérmica, são dispersas em meio ácido graças a um modelo core-shell, que permite proteger as partículas do ataque ácido do meio. Desta forma, sua composição química não é mais homogênea, já que o núcleo é composto de ferrita proprieamente e a superficie possui composição química γ-Fe2O3. A espectroscopia de absorção de raios-X foi utilizada para determinar o estado de oxidação médio em torno do átomo absorvedor e estudar a estrutura local dos cátions metálicos. Os resultados confirmam a inversão catiônica entre os sítios A e B da estrutura espinélio dos nanocristais, sugerindo efeitos relacionados ao confinamento espacial na escala nanométrica. O modelo de Scherrer para o cálculo das dimensões de sistemas em escala nanométrica foi aplicado às partículas e os resultados encontrados utilizando o método de Rietveld com sistemas de duas fases estão em bom acordo com os resultados do método de Scherrer. A análise de Rietveld dos difratogramas de raios-X permitiu ainda, verificar que a redução em tamanho afeta de maneira muito sutil os parâmetros cristalinos da ferrita, de modo que os valores encontrados estão muito próximos dos valores dos mesmos parâmetros para o material maciço. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis work aims to study the structural properties of nickel firrite nanoparticles used in the synthesis of electric double layered magnetic fluids (EDL-MF). These nanoparticles are obtained by a hydrothermal coprecipitation method and are dispersed in an acid envoronment thanks to a core-shell model, which protects the particles of the acid attack of the medium. In this way, their chemical composition is no more homogeneous, since the core is composed of ferrite properly and the surface has chemical composition γ-Fe2O3. The X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the average oxidation state around the absorber atom and study the local structure of metallic cations. The results confirm the cation redistribution among A/B sites of the spinel structure of the nanocrystals, wich is an effect related to space confinement. The Scherrer model, for the calculation of the dimensions of systems on a nanometric scale, was applied to the particles and, the results obtained using the method of Rietveld, with systems of two phases, are consistent with the results of the Scherrer method. The Rietveld method analysis of the x-ray diffractograms also allowed, check that the size reduction affects, in a very subtle way, the crystalline parameters in the ferrite nanoparticles, so that they obtained values are very close to the values of the same parameters for the BULK material

The Nuclear Scissors Mode in a Solvable Model

The coupled dynamics of the scissors mode and the isovector giant quadrupole resonance is studied in a model with separable quadrupole-quadrupole residual interactions. The method of Wigner function moments is applied to derive the dynamical equations for angular momentum and quadrupole moment. Analytical expressions for energies, B(M1)- and B(E2)-values, sum rules and flow-patterns of both modes are found for arbitrary values of the deformation parameter. Some predictions for the case of superdeformation are given. The subtle nature of the phenomenon and its peculiarities are clarified.Comment: 49 pages, 3 figures. We corrected the force constant which influenced mostly the results of the superdeformed region. Flow patterns are left without any change

The Association between Socioeconomic Characteristics and Consumption of Food Items among Brazilian Industry Workers

Background. Dietary pattern plays a causative role in the rising of noncommunicable diseases. The SESI (Serviço Social da Indústria) study was designed to evaluate risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. We aimed to describe food items consumed by Brazilian workers and to assess their association with socioeconomic status. Methods. Cross-sectional study was carried out among Brazilian industrial workers, selected by multistage sampling, from 157 companies. Interviews were conducted at the work place using standardized forms. Results. 4818 workers were interviewed, aged 35.4 ± 10.7 years, 76.5% were men. The workers had an average of 8.7 ± 4.1 years of schooling and 25.4 ± 4.1 kg/m2 of BMI. Men and individuals with less than high school education were less likely to consume dairy products, fruits, and vegetables daily, even after control for confounding factors. Men consumed rice and beans daily more often than women. In comparison to workers aged 50–76 years, those under 30 years old consumed less fruits and green leafy vegetables daily. Conclusion. The food items consumed by Brazilian workers show that there are insufficient consumption according to the guidelines of healthy foods, particularly of dairy products, vegetables, and fruits

Prevention of hypertension in patients with pre-hypertension: protocol for the PREVER-prevention trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Blood pressure (BP) within pre-hypertensive levels confers higher cardiovascular risk and is an intermediate stage for full hypertension, which develops in an annual rate of 7 out of 100 individuals with 40 to 50 years of age. Non-drug interventions to prevent hypertension have had low effectiveness. In individuals with previous cardiovascular disease or diabetes, the use of BP-lowering agents reduces the incidence of major cardiovascular events. In the absence of higher baseline risk, the use of BP agents reduces the incidence of hypertension. The PREVER-prevention trial aims to investigate the efficacy, safety and feasibility of a population-based intervention to prevent the incidence of hypertension and the development of target-organ damage.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, with participants aged 30 to 70 years, with pre-hypertension. The trial arms will be chlorthalidone 12.5 mg plus amiloride 2.5 mg or identical placebo. The primary outcomes will be the incidence of hypertension, adverse events and development or worsening of microalbuminuria and of left ventricular hypertrophy in the EKG. The secondary outcomes will be fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular events: myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, evidence of new sub-clinical atherosclerosis, and sudden death. The study will last 18 months. The sample size was calculated on the basis of an incidence of hypertension of 14% in the control group, a size effect of 40%, power of 85% and P alpha of 5%, resulting in 625 participants per group. The project was approved by the Ethics committee of each participating institution.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>The early use of blood pressure-lowering drugs, particularly diuretics, which act on the main mechanism of blood pressure rising with age, may prevent cardiovascular events and the incidence of hypertension in individuals with hypertension. If this intervention shows to be effective and safe in a population-based perspective, it could be the basis for an innovative public health program to prevent hypertension in Brazil.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>Clinical Trials <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00970931">NCT00970931</a>.</p

6ª Diretriz de monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial e 4ª diretriz de monitorização residencial da pressão arterial

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The association between socioeconomic characteristics and consumption of food items among brazilian industry workers

Background. Dietary pattern plays a causative role in the rising of noncommunicable diseases. The SESI (Servic¸o Social da Ind´ustria) study was designed to evaluate risk factors for noncommunicable diseases.We aimed to describe food items consumed by Brazilian workers and to assess their association with socioeconomic status. Methods. Cross-sectional study was carried out among Brazilian industrial workers, selected by multistage sampling, from 157 companies. Interviews were conducted at the work place using standardized forms. Results. 4818 workers were interviewed, aged 35.4 ± 10.7 years, 76.5% were men. The workers had an average of 8.7 ± 4.1 years of schooling and 25.4 ± 4.1 kg/m² of BMI. Men and individuals with less than high school education were less likely to consume dairy products, fruits, and vegetables daily, even after control for confounding factors. Men consumed rice and beans daily more often than women. In comparison to workers aged 50–76 years, those under 30 years old consumed less fruits and green leafy vegetables daily. Conclusion. The food items consumed by Brazilian workers show that there are insufficient consumption according to the guidelines of healthy foods, particularly of dairy products, vegetables, and fruits