Panchakarma Perception - An Overview

Panchakarma therapy is a potent system of medicine. These five specialised techniques, collectively termed as Panchakarma, attack the very root causes of diseases, cleanse all body microcirculatory channels, remove the vitiated Doshas from the body and produce long lasting beneficial effects. Panchakarma therapy is effective against the treatment of majority of diseases. On the other hand this therapy improves the body resistance (Immunity) and thereby checks the pathogenesis of the disease confirming its preventive effects also. It is to be noted that Panchakarma therapy is not a classification of specialised techniques but is a compressive Samshodana regimen under which all other similar procedures may be included. The classical Panchakarma therapy consists of Purvakarma i.e. Snehana and Swedana Karma, Pradhana Karma i.e. Vamana, Virechana, Anuvasana and Niruha Basti and Nasya Karma and Raktamokshana by Acharya Sushruta and Paschyat Karma like Dhumapana, Ahara Sansarjana Krama etc

A Design of Experiment Approach for Optimization and Characterization of Clarithromycin Ternary System Using Spray Drying

The aim of present work was to characterize Clarithromycin (CLT), Polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30) and Hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPB) ternary system so as to check the effect of complexation on solubility of CLT. Physical mixtures of a drug and polymers in several weight ratios (1:1, 1:2) were prepared to check the effect of individual polymers on solubility of CLT. Spray drying method was accustomed investigate the combined effect of PVP K30 and HPB on Drug release (DR), Dissolution efficiency (DE) and mean dissolution time (MDT) of CLT. For the preparation and optimization of ternary system the Design of experiment (DoE) was used . Drug polymer interactions were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and particle size analysis. Results of solubility study suggested that there was significant increase in solubility of CLT with increase within the concentration of PVP K30 and HPB (*p<0.05). This may be thanks to the solubilizing effect of PVP K30 and sophisticated formation of CLT with HPB. Various combinations of PVP K30 and HPB prepared using DoE approach by spray drying method showed greater solubility of CLT than its physical mixtures (*p<0.05). Results of FTIR, DSC, XRD and particle size analysis revealed the interaction between CLT, PVP K30 and HPB. This suggested formation of amorphous ternary system with mean particle diameter within the range of 312±1.35 nm. Combine use of PVP K30 and HPB with DoE approach was an efficient tool for formulating ternary system of CLT. Keywords: Clarithromycin, Spray drying, polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30, Hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin, Design of experiments, Ternary system.&nbsp

Thermal Analysis of Vertical Heated Cylindrical Surface Employing V - Shape Fin Surfaces

Natural convection is an important and economical mode of heat transfer .It is used in many of the engineering applications such as cooling of electronic components, cooling of Printed circuit boards, HVAC & R, I.C. engines fins, radiators of automobiles etc. Some of these heat sinks are cylindrical in shape. The heat that is produced in such system that conducts through the walls surfaces is need to be continuously dissipated to the surrounding atmosphere to keep the system in steady state condition. More quantities of heat have to be dissipated from small area as heat transfer by convection between a surface and the fluid surroundings. It can be improved by attaching fins or by use of some form of extended surfaces. V shape fin geometries have been selected for cooling such cylindrical surfaces or heat sinks. Initially the dimensions for the vertical cylinder with array of v shape fins have been obtained. Computational analysis of array of v shape fins over vertical heated cylinder have been studied by using Ansys software. The results reveal that the 60-degree V-shaped fins exhibit the highest natural convection heat transfer coefficient, owing to their streamlined flow-promoting characteristics. These V-shaped fins act as flow turbulators, causing minimal air obstruction and, consequently, enhancing heat dissipation. The computational findings are further validated by comparing them with analytical results, affirming the effectiveness of this approach in improving heat transfer from cylindrical surfaces. This research contributes to the understanding and optimization of natural convection heat transfer in cylindrical systems utilizing V-shaped fins, demonstrating its potential for enhancing thermal performance in various engineering application

Effect of calcination temperature on the properties of CZTS absorber layer prepared by RF sputtering for solar cell applications

In present work, we report synthesis of nanocrystalline Kesterite copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) films by RF magnetron sputtering method. Influence of calcination temperature on structural, morphology, optical, and electrical properties has been investigated. Formation of CZTS has been confirmed by XPS, whereas formation of Kesterite-CZTS films has been confirmed by XRD, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy. It has been observed that crystallinity and average grain size increase with increase in calcination temperature and CZTS crystallites have preferred orientation in (112) direction. NC-AFM analysis revealed the formation of uniform, densely packed, and highly interconnected network of grains of CZTS over the large area. Furthermore, surface roughness of CZTS films increases with increase in calcination temperature. Optical bandgap estimated using UV–Visible spectroscopy decreases from 1.91 eV for as-deposited CZTS film to 1.59 eV for the film calcinated at 400 °C which is quite close to optimum value of bandgap for energy conversion in visible region. The photo response shows a significant improvement with increase in calcinations temperature. The employment these films in solar cells can improve the conversion efficiency by reducing recombination rate of photo-generated charge carriers due to larger grain size. However, further detail study is needed before its realization in the solar cells

Technology for Improving Street Dog Welfare and Capturing Data in Digital Format during Street Dog Sterilisation Programmes

Street dogs survive on food handouts provided by individuals, or the wider community yet typically receive limited to no veterinary care. They can also carry a variety of zoonotic diseases such as rabies, posing a significant risk to human and dog population health. Dog sterilization is one of the most humane and effective methods available to control street dog populations. Dog sterilization programs, particularly those operating at a large-scale, often face a variety of challenges including limited resources, staffing, and less-than-ideal facilities. Record keeping is often a challenge as well, which can complicate the return of a sterilized dog to their location of capture. Street dogs are territorial, and the return of a dog to an incorrect location is fraught with various welfare issues, as well as an increased risk of postoperative complications, including death. Humane Society International developed a mobile phone-based application called ‘HSIApps’ drawing on years of field experience and data collection in street dog location recording, as well as clinical and postoperative treatment. HSIApps facilitates the return of dogs back to their exact captured location, which ensures dog welfare, and generates reports of a variety of useful data variables to maximize the efficacy and reliability of sterilization programs

Implementation of Digital Signal Processor to Control Three-Phase Voltage-Source Inverter

This paper explores the advantages and implementation of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) TMS 320F2812 to generate gate pulses. The main features of this DSP are elaborated. The technique to obtain gate pulses in different pulse width modulation methods in order to control three-phase voltage source inverter is explained systematically. The steps needed to develop the program are highlighted in detail to control frequency and the duty cycle of PWM waveform. Further Fabrication of gate driver circuit is presented. Experimental results of three-phase voltage source inverter controlling ac drive in variable voltage-variable frequency mode are also given

Panchakarma Perception - An Overview

Panchakarma therapy is a potent system of medicine. These five specialised techniques, collectively termed as Panchakarma, attack the very root causes of diseases, cleanse all body microcirculatory channels, remove the vitiated Doshas from the body and produce long lasting beneficial effects. Panchakarma therapy is effective against the treatment of majority of diseases. On the other hand this therapy improves the body resistance (Immunity) and thereby checks the pathogenesis of the disease confirming its preventive effects also. It is to be noted that Panchakarma therapy is not a classification of specialised techniques but is a compressive Samshodana regimen under which all other similar procedures may be included. The classical Panchakarma therapy consists of Purvakarma i.e. Snehana and Swedana Karma, Pradhana Karma i.e. Vamana, Virechana, Anuvasana and Niruha Basti and Nasya Karma and Raktamokshana by Acharya Sushruta and Paschyat Karma like Dhumapana, Ahara Sansarjana Krama etc