Étude de la reconnexion magnétique dans les plasmas turbulents à partir des données satellites

Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental energy conversion process in plasma. It occurs in thin regions of strong current known as current sheets and results in particle heating and acceleration. In turbulence, which is ubiquitous in space plasma, magnetic reconnection has been observed to occur in small scale structures that form therein, and is thought to contribute to dissipation of turbulent energy at kinetic scales. For this work we examine data from the Cluster spacecraft in the Earth's magnetosheath, downstream of the quasi-parallel shock. The detection of ion-scale current sheets was performed by implementing the PartialVariance of Increments (PVI) method for multiple spacecraft. The properties of the observed current sheets were different for high (> 3) and low ( 3) structures that accounted for ~ 20% of the total. Those current sheets have high magneticshear (> 90degrees). In order to estimate the local heating occurring within those current sheets, a proxy of the electron temperature was obtained at high time resolution(125ms) from the partial distributions measured by Cluster. This allowed for the first time to study the localized electron heating within ion-scale currentsheets. The observed enhancement of the estimated electron temperature withinthe high PVI current sheets suggest that they are important for local electron heating and energy dissipation. We also examined measurements inside the diffusion region of a thin reconnecting current sheet. Multi-spacecraft observationsallow as to study electron distributions and wave activity at different distances from the x-line. Significant differences were observed in the electron populations as they were heated going through the current sheet. In particular electrons were heated in the direction parallel to the magnetic field in close proximity to thex-line, whereas no significant variation was observed in the perpendicular direction. However, the distribution was more isotropic downstream of the x-line with electrons heated in the perpendicular direction.La reconnexion magnétique est un mécanisme fondamental de conversion d'énergie dans le plasma. Il se déroule dans les régions minces de fort courant appelées couches de courants, et produit le chauffage et l accélération des particules. Dans un milieu turbulent, la reconnexion magnétique a été observée dans de petites structures qui se forment dans celui-ci, et on a postulé que cela contribue de façon importante la dissipation de l'énergie turbulente l'échelle cinétique. Pour ce travail, nous examinons les données des satellites Custer dans la magnétogaine de la Terre, en aval du choc quasi-parallèle. La détection des couches de courant d'échelle ionique a été réalisé par l'application de la méthode de la variance partielle des incréments (PVI) pour des satellites multiples. Les proprietées des couches de courant observées étaient différentes pour des valeurs de l'indice PVI élevées(PV I > 3) et bas (PV I 3) structures qui représentaient ~ 20% du total. Ces couches de courant ont une rotation du champ magnétique élevée (> 90o). Afin d'estimer le chauffage local survenant dans ces couches de courant, une estimation de la température des électrons a été obtenue à haute résolution temporelle (125ms) parles distributions d'électrons partielles mesurées par Cluster. Cela a permis pour la première fois d'étudier le chauffage d'électrons localisés dans les couches de courant d'échelle ionique. L'augmentation observée de la température des électrons estimée dans les couches de courant aux PVI élevées suggèrent qu'ils sont importants pour le chauffage local d'électrons et de dissipation d'énergie. Nous avons également examiné les mesures l'intérieur de la région de diffusion d'une couche de courant o la reconnexion magnétique est en cours. Les observations simultanées par des satellites multiples permettent aussi d'étudier les distributions d'électrons et l'activité des ondes à des distances différentes de la ligne x. Des différences significatives ont été observées dans les populations d'électrons comme ils ont été chauffés en passant par la couche de courant. En particulier, les électrons sont chauffés dans la direction parallèle au champ magnétique proximité de la ligne x, alors qu'aucune variation significative n'a été observée dans la direction perpendiculaire. Cependant,la distribution est plus isotrope en aval de la ligne x, chauffées par des électrons dans la direction perpendiculaire

Single-spacecraft Identification of Flux Tubes and Current Sheets in the Solar Wind

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Effective Viscosity, Resistivity, and Reynolds Number in Weakly Collisional Plasma Turbulence

We examine dissipation and energy conversion in weakly collisional plasma turbulence, employing in situ observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission and kinetic Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations of proton-electron plasma. A previous result indicated the presence of viscous-like and resistive-like scaling of average energy conversion rates -- analogous to scalings characteristic of collisional systems. This allows for extraction of collisional-like coefficients of effective viscosity and resistivity, and thus also determination of effective Reynolds numbers based on these coefficients. The effective Reynolds number, as a measure of the available bandwidth for turbulence to populate various scales, links macro turbulence properties with kinetic plasma properties in a novel way.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, 5 table

The Trans-Heliospheric Survey

CONTEXT: Though the solar wind is characterized by spatial and temporal variability across a wide range of scales, long-term averages of in situ measurements have revealed clear radial trends: changes in average values of basic plasma parameters (e.g., density, temperature, and speed) and a magnetic field with a distance from the Sun. AIMS: To establish our current understanding of the solar wind's average expansion through the heliosphere, data from multiple spacecraft needed to be combined and standardized into a single dataset. METHODS: In this study, data from twelve heliospheric and planetary spacecraft - Parker Solar Probe (PSP), Helios 1 and 2, Mariner 2 and 10, Ulysses, Cassini, Pioneer 10 and 11, New Horizons, and Voyager 1 and 2 - were compiled into a dataset spanning over three orders of magnitude in heliocentric distance. To avoid introducing artifacts into this composite dataset, special attention was given to the solar cycle, spacecraft heliocentric elevation, and instrument calibration. RESULTS: The radial trend in each parameter was found to be generally well described by a power-law fit, though up to two break points were identified in each fit. CONCLUSIONS: These radial trends are publicly released here to benefit research groups in the validation of global heliospheric simulations and in the development of new deep-space missions such as Interstellar Probe

Pathways to Dissipation in Weakly Collisional Plasmas

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