Kenya in Motion 2000-2020

This edited volume offers a broad understanding and particular visions of Kenya in the first quarter of the twenty-first century. By bringing together rigorous yet accessible contributions, it shows how, since the 2002 transition, Kenya has been striving for change through economic modernisation and political liberalisation. The planned transformations are coming to fruition, even if the legacies of the past and political habits are slowing down the process. The various chapters take us from developmental capitalism to extreme poverty and enduring inequalities, from reforms on paper to mixed results in multiple sectors: decentralised governance, natural resources, land, and education. They also explore Kenya’s ancient and colonial history and the diversity of its population. Thus, the book helps understand contemporary political, religious and community cleavages, the asymmetries between towns and the countryside, between Nairobi and the coast, in a country open to the world, as much through trade and finance as through art networks.Cet ouvrage offre une saisie synthétique et des visions particulières du Kenya en ce premier quart du XXIe siècle. Il rassemble des contributions rigoureuses et accessibles pour montrer comment, depuis l’alternance de 2002, le Kenya s’efforce de changer par la modernisation économique et la libéralisation politique. Les transformations annoncées voient le jour, même si les legs du passé et les habitus politiques en ralentissent la marche. Les différents chapitres nous mènent du capitalisme développemental kényan à la grande pauvreté et aux inégalités vivaces, des réformes sur le papier aux mises en œuvre en demi-teinte dans de multiples secteurs : gouvernance décentralisée, ressources naturelles, foncier, éducation. L’histoire ancienne et coloniale, la diversité du peuplement au Kenya permettent de mieux comprendre les clivages politiques, religieux et communautaires, les asymétries entre villes et campagnes, entre Nairobi et la côte, dans un Kenya ouvert sur le monde, autant par le commerce et la finance que par les réseaux de l’art

Le Kenya en marche, 2000-2020

Cet ouvrage offre une saisie synthétique et des visions particulières du Kenya en ce premier quart du XXIe siècle. Il rassemble des contributions rigoureuses et accessibles pour montrer comment, depuis l’alternance de 2002, le Kenya s’efforce de changer par la modernisation économique et la libéralisation politique. Les transformations annoncées voient le jour, même si les legs du passé et les habitus politiques en ralentissent la marche. Les différents chapitres nous mènent du capitalisme développemental kényan à la grande pauvreté et aux inégalités vivaces, des réformes sur le papier aux mises en œuvre en demi-teinte dans de multiples secteurs : gouvernance décentralisée, ressources naturelles, foncier, éducation. L’histoire ancienne et coloniale, la diversité du peuplement au Kenya permettent de mieux comprendre les clivages politiques, religieux et communautaires, les asymétries entre villes et campagnes, entre Nairobi et la côte, dans un Kenya ouvert sur le monde, autant par le commerce et la finance que par les réseaux de l’art.This edited volume offers a broad understanding and particular visions of Kenya in the first quarter of the twenty-first century. By bringing together rigorous yet accessible contributions, it shows how, since the 2002 transition, Kenya has been striving for change through economic modernisation and political liberalisation. The planned transformations are coming to fruition, even if the legacies of the past and political habits are slowing down the process. The various chapters take us from developmental capitalism to extreme poverty and enduring inequalities, from reforms on paper to mixed results in multiple sectors: decentralised governance, natural resources, land, and education. They also explore Kenya’s ancient and colonial history and the diversity of its population. Thus, the book helps understand contemporary political, religious and community cleavages, the asymmetries between towns and the countryside, between Nairobi and the coast, in a country open to the world, as much through trade and finance as through art networks

L’évaluation de la validité prédictive du LS/CMI dans la prédiction des incidents disciplinaires en prison

Dans son plan stratégique, le ministère de la Sécurité publique du Québec souligne les problèmes actuels de surpopulation carcérale au Québec. Ce phénomène peut contribuer à une augmentation des conflits vécus par les détenus et, par extension, à l’émergence des incidents disciplinaires. Dans un tel contexte, il semble nécessaire d’améliorer la gestion du risque lié à ce type d’incidents. Dans le cadre de cet article, l’objectif principal visé est de mettre à l’épreuve la validité prédictive du LS/CMI sur l’occurrence des incidents disciplinaires. L’échantillon consiste en 934 détenus incarcérés au Service correctionnel du Québec (SCQ) entre janvier et décembre 2007. Durant cette même période, tous les détenus ont été évalués dans les semaines suivant leur admission avec la version québécoise du LS/CMI. Les résultats permettent de confirmer l’efficacité du LS/CMI dans la prédiction des incidents disciplinaires, et ce, indépendamment de leur nature et de leur cible.The purpose of this study was to address the critical need to improve accuracy in risk assessment for prison misconducts and hence improve decision-making. With the increased prison crowding in the correctional facilities in Quebec, there is a critical need for the development of better instruments to assist clinicians in their task. Since February 2007, all offenders sentenced for a violent crime or to six month or more are now evaluated with the French-Canadian version of the LS/CMI. Although the LS/CMI is generally good at predicting recidivism, it was not specifically designed to predict prison misconducts. The present study investigates the potential predictive validity of the LS/CMI. The sample consisted of 934 male offenders sentenced for a violent crime or to 6 month or more in the Correctional Services of Quebec between February 2007 and December 2007. In general, results indicate that the LS/CMI can predict violent and non violent misconducts.En su plan estratégico, el ministerio de Seguridad pública de Quebec destaca los problemas actuales de sobrepoblación en las cárceles de Quebec. Dicho fenómeno corre el riesgo de contribuir al aumento de conflictos entre los detenidos y, por extensión, a la emergencia de incidentes disciplinarios. En ese contexto, se vuelve necesario mejorar la gestión de riesgos asociados a ese tipo de incidentes. El objetivo principal del presente estudio fue poner a prueba la validez predictiva del LS/CMI sobre ocurrencia de incidentes disciplinarios. La muestra consistió en 934 detenidos encarcelados en el Servicio correccional de Quebec (SCQ) entre enero y diciembre de 2007. Durante ese periodo, todos los detenidos fueron evaluados en las semanas que siguieron a su admisión con la versión canadiense del LS/CMI. Los resultados permiten confirmar la eficacia del LS/CMI en la predicción de incidentes disciplinarios independientemente de su naturaleza

Hybrid sulfur cycle for H2 production: A sensitivity study of the electrolysis step in a filter-press cell

International audienceThe sensitivity of a depolarized SO2 electrolyzer to various operating parameters has been investigated through numerical modeling. A simplified kinetic expression was first derived to relate the anodic overpotential to both temperature and sulfuric acid concentration. This model allows the cell voltage variation with these two parameters to be studied.The effect of the two-phase parameters associated with hydrogen bubble production was then investigated. Parameters such as electrolyzer orientation, forced convection flow and bubble size were considered.Finally, an overall SO2 balance equation was derived to estimate the sensitivity of SO2 crossover to the operating conditions

Ice crystals trajectory calculations in a turbofan engine

International audienceThis paper presents Ice Crystals particles trajectory simulations based on models representative of aircraft engines flying through realistic Ice Crystals clouds. The current study pursues of the work performed by Safran Aircraft Engines in the framework of the High Altitude Ice Crystals (HAIC) European research project. Results of the HAIC/High Ice Water Content (HIWC) projects flight campaigns are used to characterize the atmospheric environment in the Ice Crystals clouds. The present work benefits from the mixed-phased and glaciated particles trajectory modeling capabilities available in ONERA’s icing numerical tools. Simulations are run on two distinct geometries: a generic engine Inlet & Fan, and a generic Fan & Low Pressure Compressor. The first configuration allows the effects of centrifugation and fragmentation on particle concentrations at the engine’s primary flow inlet. The influence of particle size is also studied. The second geometry provides qualitative information on preferential accretion sites within the engine. Simulation results obtained for this configuration are consistent with experimental observations of the so-called plateau effect

Optical spectroscopic investigations of human elastins molecular conformations.

International audienc

Efficient generation of mouse models with the CRISPR/Cas9 technology

The CRISPR-Cas9 system allows rapid generation of a large spectrum of genetically modified mouse models. Here we present efficient gene knock-out, knock-in and exon deletion projects undertaken at our transgenesis platform located in the near suburbs of Paris (SEAT-TAAM PHENOMIN). The delivery of different forms of spCas9 into the pronucleus of murine zygotes and the analysis of injected embryos at the blastocyst stage or beyond have allowed us to obtain mouse models from hybrid and inbred strains for studies in myology, immunology, reproduction biology, etc. with a success rate of about 10 % (KI)–70 % (KO) in the founder generation

The SPHERE XAO system: design and performance

International audienc

Vesicular trafficking and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases-2, -9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in neuronal cells.

International audienceMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases that cleave matrix, soluble and membrane-bound proteins and are regulated by their endogenous inhibitors the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). Nothing is known about MMP/TIMP trafficking and secretion in neuronal cells. We focussed our attention on the gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9, and their inhibitor TIMP-1. MMPs and TIMP-1 fused to GFP were expressed in N2a neuroblastoma and primary neuronal cells to study trafficking and secretion using real time video-microscopy, imaging, electron microscopy and biochemical approaches. We show that MMPs and TIMP-1 are secreted in 160-200 nm vesicles in a Golgi-dependent pathway. These vesicles distribute along microtubules and microfilaments, co-localise differentially with the molecular motors kinesin and myosin Va and undergo both anterograde and retrograde trafficking. MMP-9 retrograde transport involves the dynein/dynactin molecular motor. In hippocampal neurons, MMP-2 and MMP-9 vesicles are preferentially distributed in the somato-dendritic compartment and are found in dendritic spines. Non-transfected hippocampal neurons also demonstrate vesicular secretion of MMP-2 in both its pro- and active forms and gelatinolytic activity localised within dendritic spines. Our results show differential trafficking of MMP and TIMP-1-containing vesicles in neuronal cells and suggest that these vesicles could play a role in neuronal and synaptic plasticity