19 research outputs found
Spatially Explicit Analysis of Metal Transfer to Biota: Influence of Soil Contamination and Landscape
Concepts and developments for a new field in ecotoxicology, referred to as “landscape ecotoxicology,” were proposed in the 1990s; however, to date, few studies have been developed in this emergent field. In fact, there is a strong interest in developing this area, both for renewing the concepts and tools used in ecotoxicology as well as for responding to practical issues, such as risk assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of metal bioaccumulation in animals in order to identify the role of spatially explicit factors, such as landscape as well as total and extractable metal concentrations in soils. Over a smelter-impacted area, we studied the accumulation of trace metals (TMs: Cd, Pb and Zn) in invertebrates (the grove snail Cepaea sp and the glass snail Oxychilus draparnaudi) and vertebrates (the bank vole Myodes glareolus and the greater white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula). Total and CaCl2-extractable concentrations of TMs were measured in soils from woody patches where the animals were captured. TM concentrations in animals exhibited a high spatial heterogeneity. They increased with soil pollution and were better explained by total rather than CaCl2-extractable TM concentrations, except in Cepaea sp. TM levels in animals and their variations along the pollution gradient were modulated by the landscape, and this influence was species and metal specific. Median soil metal concentrations (predicted by universal kriging) were calculated in buffers of increasing size and were related to bioaccumulation. The spatial scale at which TM concentrations in animals and soils showed the strongest correlations varied between metals, species and landscapes. The potential underlying mechanisms of landscape influence (community functioning, behaviour, etc.) are discussed. Present results highlight the need for the further development of landscape ecotoxicology and multi-scale approaches, which would enhance our understanding of pollutant transfer and effects in ecosystems
Contributions à l'inventaire de la bryoflore française : année 2018
National audienceLes observations sont classées par région et par département et sont présentées de la façon suivante, pour chaque espèce : Nom de commune (code Insee), lieu-dit, précision de localisation (et altitude si précisée), date d'observation, vérification d'identification le cas échéant. Les espèces nouvelles pour le département sont suivies de [Ndep], nouvelles pour la région [Nreg], nouvelles pour l'ancienne région [NexReg] Découvertes d'espèces inconnues dans des départements de la région Centre-Val de Loire dans le cadre des projets BioMareau II et collaboration dans un inventaire de maille avec le CBNBP (p. 32
Formation of protein-bound N-carboxymethyllysine and N-carboxyethyllysine in ground pork during commercial sterilization as affected by the type and concentration of sugars
Antioxidant and Antiglycation Activity of Selected Dietary Polyphenols in a Cookie Model
Dietary polyphenols have been proposed to be promising functional food additives for their potent antioxidant capacity and other health-beneficial bioactivities. The current study prepared cookies fortified with five selected dietary polyphenols (naringenin, quercetin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid). Results indicated that the enhancement of the antioxidant capacity was not as obvious as expected because the phenolics' antioxidant activity was seriously lowered by the baking process due to thermal degradation and transformation. Meanwhile, the tested polyphenols, especially quercetin, showed inhibition against formation of both reactive carbonyl species and total fluorescent advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). Polyphenol fortification could also induce colorimetric changes and alterations in selected quality attributes. Overall, the findings support dietary polyphenols as functional food ingredients in the purpose of health benefits associated with a higher intake of antioxidants and a lower load of reactive carbonyls and AGEs. The polyphenols' stability and reactivity during thermal processing should be an important consideration.Agriculture, MultidisciplinaryChemistry, AppliedFood Science & TechnologySCI(E)[email protected]
Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine formation from the Maillard reaction of casein and different reducing sugars
Effects of hand configuration on muscle force coordination, co-contraction and concomitant intermuscular coupling during maximal isometric flexion of the fingers.
International audienc
Advanced Glycosylation End Products and Nutrition—A Possible Relation with Diabetic Atherosclerosis and How to Prevent It
Quality assessment of baby food made of different pre-processed organic raw materials under industrial processing conditions
Maintenance of filtering molluscs in aquaria for sub-chronic studies
This work determined the best survival conditions for the clam Mytella guyanensis and the mussel Perna perna in the estuary and sea aquaria respectively over at least 12 days, which could enable their use in the ecotoxicological studies. The aquaria were set up with the appropriate water and sedimen, and allowed to establish for a minimum of one month before adding the organisms. The best survival conditions for M. guyanensis required more time for the aquarium stabilization, addition of inocula and more frequent water changes than for P. perna. The organisms' lipid contents increased and their condition index was maintained indicating the good conditions of the aquaria, hence, their possible use in the sub-chronic studies.<br>Estudos sobre a dinâmica de contaminação de organismos marinhos devem ser feitos sob condições controladas pelo tempo necessário para que os organismos possam responder Ă presença do agente contaminante. No entanto, a manutenção de organismos em aquários por determinado perĂodo pode ser difĂcil porque todas as outras variáveis do ambiente precisam ser prĂłximas Ă s condições naturais. Este trabalho determinou as melhores condições de sobrevivĂŞncia do marisco Mytella guyanensis e do mexilhĂŁo Perna perna, respectivamente em aquários de estuário e de mar, por perĂodo de atĂ© 12 dias. Os aquários foram montados com água e sedimento de estuário ou de mar e estabilizados por, no mĂnimo, um mĂŞs antes da colocação dos respectivos organismos. As melhores condições de sobrevivĂŞncia de M. guyanensis requisitaram mais tempo de estabilização do aquário, adição de inĂłculos e trocas de água mais freqĂĽentes do que para os P. perna. Os conteĂşdos de lipĂdios aumentaram com o tempo e o Ăndice de condição dos organismos foi mantido, indicando as boas condições dos aquários e, conseqĂĽentemente, a possibilidade de uso em pesquisas ecotoxicolĂłgicas