El crimen de Cuenca y Rocío o los límites de la libertad

We intend in this paper to review the discourse of the Democratic Transition in Spain through the evolution of film censorship these years. We will focus specially in the judicial processes that "Cuenca’s crime" ("El crimen de Cuenca", Pilar Miró, 1981) and "Rocío" (Fernando Ruiz Vergara, 1983) suffered then. We will make a brief account of the last years of an institution that biased reception of movies for the Spanish public for at least 40 years. We will stress that its formal disappearance matched similar legislation in other countries of democratic Europe. We are going to try the limits of freedom of speech during the Transition years through the study of the press at that time and what was published concerning the polemic exhibition of both films. Using the analysis of the media discourse from different ideological angles we think we have contributed to put into perspective the hopes, conflicts and resistances that the political changes of late 70s and early 80s. These came into birth with much more difficulty than it has usually been accepted. Finally, in coherence with this interdisciplinary effort of gaining perspective, we find it important to show the socio-economic changes of those years in a supranational scale: the emergence of economic neoliberalism, the establishment of the affluent society and the appearance of the consensual society as a consequence of the previous factors.Nos proponemos en este artículo matizar el relato de la Transición a partir de la censura cinematográfica en los primeros años de la democracia centrándonos en el discurso de la prensa sobre los avatares judiciales que sufrieron El crimen de Cuenca (Pilar Miró, 1979) y Rocío (Fernando Ruiz Vergara, 1983). Haremos primero un breve recorrido de los últimos años de la censura, una institución que mediatizó la recepción por parte del público español de las producciones cinematográficas durante cuarenta años para fijarnos en el momento de su desaparición formal, poco tiempo después que ocurriera en los países de la Europa democrática. Mediante el estudio de la prensa de la época y las polémicas surgidas a partir de la exhibición de los dos filmes, pretendemos aquí mostrar los límites de la libertad de expresión en un momento en el que la transición de la dictadura franquista a la democracia constitucional parecía más o menos consolidada. El análisis del discurso de los medios de comunicación de distintas tendencias ideológicas sobre las dos películas censuradas es inseparable de una reflexión sobre la Justicia y las esperanzas, conflictos y resistencias que a finales de los años 70 y principios de los 80 habían provocado un cambio político menos consensuado y con muchos más obstáculos que lo que hasta hace poco se ha querido reconocer

Aux États-Unis d'Afrique: la réappropriation des imaginaires de l'Afrique par la littérature

Dans ce mémoire de maîtrise portant sur le roman Aux États-Unis d’Afrique par l’écrivain djiboutien Abdourahman Wabéri, nous cherchons à montrer la manière dont Wabéri se réapproprie les imaginaires de l’Afrique grâce à la littérature. Pour ce faire, nous avons procédé à des analyses contextuelles, pour bien saisir l’inscription sociale et culturelle de l’œuvre, et à des analyses textuelles. Tout d’abord, nous nous sommes penché sur la façon dont Wabéri se réapproprie l’espace en présentant la façon dont divers aspects de la spatialité sont traités, puis nous avons démontré que Wabéri se réapproprie également le temps, grâce au procédé de l’uchronie. Ensuite, nous avons procédé à une étude de deux aspects importants de l’oeuvre, les marques de l’oralité et l’ironie. Les marques de l’oralité sont présentes pour inscrire le roman de Wabéri dans la tradition africaine, mais elles servent également à se moquer de l’imaginaire construit autour de la littérature africaine, selon lequel une oeuvre africaine doit nécessairement comprendre des marques d’oralité. L’ironie est omniprésente dans ce roman qui se veut une critique du monde actuel et du regard posé sur l’Afrique qui consiste en une projection de l’Occident plutôt qu’en une perception de l’Afrique. L’utilisation de la fiction uchronique et de l’ironie est significative compte tenu des tensions non résolues entre la France et ses anciennes colonies et, dans une moindre mesure, l’oralité permet au narrateur de jouer le rôle du griot, un personnage africain qui a le pouvoir de dire la vérité, même celle qui choque. Finalement, nous avons effectué une analyse de l’africanisation du lexique pour mettre en évidence un autre procédé utilisé par l’auteur pour se réapproprier l’Afrique. Ce mémoire cherche à montrer les possibles de la littérature lorsqu’il s’agit d’offrir une critique du monde actuel et de se réapproprier l’imaginaire africain, mais nous souhaitons aussi rappeler que la littérature peut jouer un rôle lorsqu’il s’agit de rapprocher les peuples. This Master's thesis focuses on the novel Aux États-Unis d’Afrique by Djiboutian author Abdourahman Waberi. We seek to demonstrate how Waberi attempts to reclaim Africa’s imaginaries through literature. In order to achieve this, we conducted contextual analyses to understand the context of the work, as well as textual analyses. First, we focused on how Waberi reclaims time and space with the use of alternate History. Furthermore, we conducted an analysis of two important aspects of the work ; the traces of orality and the use of irony. The traces of orality are present in the novel as a testament to the oral legacy but they are also used to make fun of the imaginary built around african literatures. The irony is omnipresent in this novel which is intended as a critique of the current world order and of the imaginary built around Africa, which consists of a projection of the West rather than a true perception of Africa. The use of alternate history fiction and irony is significant in light of the unresolved tensions between France and its former colonies. In this regard, the use of orality is also significant albeit to a lesser extent because the narrator often takes on the role of a griot, the keeper of oral History, granting him greater freedom of speech. Finally, we present an analysis of the africanized lexicon as we seek to demonstrate how the author further attempts to reclaim Africa. This thesis seeks to demonstrate the potential of literature when it comes to offering a critique of the current world and reclaiming Africa, but we also want to demonstrate that literature can play a role when it comes to bridging the gap between people

Eating behavior traits and sleep as determinants of weight loss in overweight and obese adults

Objective: To examine the associations between eating behavior traits and weight loss according to sleep quality and duration in adults enrolled in common weight-loss interventions. Methods: Participants included overweight and obese men and women (n=150) (mean±s.d. age, 38.8±8.6 years; mean±s.d. body mass index (BMI), 33.3±3.5 kg m−2) who were subjected to a dietary intervention over a period of 12–16 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, eating behavior traits (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire), sleep quality (total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score) and sleep duration (hours per night, self-reported from the PSQI) were assessed at both baseline and post intervention. Linear regression analysis was used to quantify the relationships between eating behavior traits and changes in anthropometric markers for all subjects and by sleep categories (short sleep: <7 h per night vs recommended sleep: greater than or equal to7 h per night; poor sleep quality: greater than or equal to5 PSQI score vs good sleep quality: <5 PSQI score). We adjusted for age, sex and baseline BMI in analyses. Results: Baseline eating behavior traits were modest predictors of weight-loss success, but they were all significantly associated with their changes over the weight-loss intervention (P<0.01). The diet intervention induced significant changes in eating behavior traits and even more for those having a non-favorable eating behavior profile at baseline. We observed that changes in flexible control and strategic dieting behavior were constantly negatively associated with changes in body weight and fat mass (P<0.05) for recommended duration sleepers. The change in situational susceptibility to disinhibition was positively associated with the change in fat mass and body weight for those having healthy sleeping habits (P<0.05). For poor quality sleepers, the change in avoidance of fattening foods was negatively associated with changes in adiposity (P<0.05). Conclusion: Eating behavior traits and sleep may act together to influence the outcome of weight-loss programs

Large-scale sliding induced by sill intrusions at Réunion Island: insights from numerical modeling

International audienceRecent structural analysis of outcrops at Piton des Neiges, the eroded shield volcano of La Réunion Island, show that co-and/or post-intrusive sliding occurs at sills, located at deep level, along a detachment. We performed a 2D numerical study to quantify the perturbation induced by sill injection within a volcanic edifice. Magma is considered as an inviscid and pressurized fluid injected in an initially stable edifice under gravity-controlled extension. Displacements along the detachment are controlled by a friction law. We show that sill injection always induces tangential displacements. This effect is strongly increased when sills are emplaced along a detachment rather than in an homegeneous edifice. In this case, the magma injection produces extension behind the intrusion and potentially ends up in a large-scale flank collapse. Sill injections can thus explain the co-intrusive shear deformation observed at Piton des Neiges and the tangential displacements measured at Piton de la Fournaise during the 2007 eruption

Large-scale sliding induced by sill intrusions at Réunion Island: insights from numerical modeling

International audienceRecent structural analysis of outcrops at Piton des Neiges, the eroded shield volcano of La Réunion Island, show that co-and/or post-intrusive sliding occurs at sills, located at deep level, along a detachment. We performed a 2D numerical study to quantify the perturbation induced by sill injection within a volcanic edifice. Magma is considered as an inviscid and pressurized fluid injected in an initially stable edifice under gravity-controlled extension. Displacements along the detachment are controlled by a friction law. We show that sill injection always induces tangential displacements. This effect is strongly increased when sills are emplaced along a detachment rather than in an homegeneous edifice. In this case, the magma injection produces extension behind the intrusion and potentially ends up in a large-scale flank collapse. Sill injections can thus explain the co-intrusive shear deformation observed at Piton des Neiges and the tangential displacements measured at Piton de la Fournaise during the 2007 eruption

An examination of the temporal and geographical patterns of psychiatric emergency service use by multiple visit patients as a means for their early detection

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background:</p> <p>Frequent users of the psychiatric emergency service (PES) place a heavy burden upon the mental health care delivery system. The aim of this study was to identify distinct temporal or geographical patterns of PES use by these patients as potential markers for their early detection.</p> <p>Methods:</p> <p>Diagnostic profiles were obtained for patients making an intermediate (4 to 10) or a high (11 or more) number of visits to a general hospital PES in Montreal (Canada) between 1985 and 2004. Between-group comparisons were made with regards to several parameters. These included the time intervals between consecutive visits, visit clustering (single, repeating, and the time interval to the first cluster) and visits made to three other services where data was similarly acquired from 2002 to 2004.</p> <p>Results:</p> <p>The two multiple visit groups differed with regards to diagnostic profiles and actual time between consecutive visits (significantly shorter in patients with 11 or more visits). Patients with 11 or more visits were more likely to have a single cluster (3 or more visits/3 months) or repeating clusters (4 visits/3 months) in their patterns of use. Personality disorders were more prevalent in patients with single clusters as they were, along with schizophrenia, in those with repeating clusters. In addition, clusters were found to occur sufficiently early so as to be potentially useful as markers for early detection. Ten percent of those with 11 or more visits and 16% of those with an intermediate number of visits frequented at least one other PES. A small number of patients, primarily those with substance abuse, made over 50% of their visits to other services.</p> <p>Conclusion:</p> <p>Temporal and geographical patterns of use differed significantly between the multiple visit groups. These patterns, combined with distinct diagnostic profiles, could potentially lead to the more rapid identification and treatment of specific sub-groups of multiple visit patients.</p

Sheared sheet intrusions as mechanism for lateral flank displacement on basaltic volcanoes: Applications to Réunion Island volcanoes

International audienceField work carried out on the Piton des Neiges volcano (Réunion Island) suggests that the injection of magma along detachments could trigger flank failure by conjugate opening and shear displacement. We use 3-D numerical models to compare the ability of purely opened sheet intrusions, sheared sheet intrusions, and normal faults to induce flank displacement on basaltic volcanoes. We assume that shear stress change on fractures results from stress anisotropy of the host rock under gravity. Exploring a large range of stress anisotropies, fracture dips, and fracture depth over length ratios, we determine that the amount of shear displacement is independent of the proximity to the ground surface. Sheared sheet intrusions are the most efficient slip medium on volcanoes. Consequently, the largest flank displacement is induced by the longest, deepest sheared intrusion dipping closest to 45° in a host rock with the highest stress anisotropy. Using our model in a forward way, we provide shear and normal displacements for buried fractures. Applying the model to a pile of sills at the Piton des Neiges volcano, we determine that the mean shear displacement caused by each intrusion was 3.7 m, leading to a total of a 180–260 m of lateral displacement for the 50 m high pile of sills. Using our model in an inverse way, we formulate a decision tree to determine some fracture characteristics and the host rock stress anisotropy from ratios of maximum surface displacements. This procedure provides a priori models, which can be used to bound the parameter space before it is explored through a formal inversion. Applying the decision tree to the 1.4 m coeruptive flank displacement recorded at Piton de la Fournaise in 2007, we find that it probably originated from a shallow eastward dipping subhorizontal normal fault

José Bergamín, une voix républicaine et dissidente dans l'Espagne de la Transition

En partant d une ouverture pluridisciplinaire et privilégiant la relation des études historiques et littéraires, l ensemble de ce travail se présente en trois parties correspondant à des approches différentes du sujet, centré sur le discours dissident de l écrivain José Bergamín pendant la Transition. La première partie propose une approche du sujet à partir des problématiques liées à la mémoire dans l'Espagne actuelle et des relectures récentes de la Transition, contexte dans lequel la voix dissidente de Bergamín acquiert une nouvelle signification qui met en cause la marginalisation qui caractérise toujours cette importante personnalité de l'intellectualité espagnole du XXe siècle. La deuxième partie propose une présentation et une caractérisation thématique de la principale source consultée: sa collaboration journalistique avec la revue Sábado Gráfico, qui lui a permis d'exprimer librement son opinion jusqu'au moment où la censure l a contraint à arrêter. La troisième partie présente une lecture politique et chronologique du discours de Bergamín, comme une manifestation de la dissidence dans l Espagne de la Transition, fondée sur le refus de la monarchie et la revendication de la république comme alternative. Cette recherche confirme la validité de l'hypothèse principale, qui part de la considération de Bergamín comme porte-parole d une España peregrina , grâce à une foi républicaine appuyée sur la mémoire et l'expérience historique et confrontée àl esprit de réconciliation et concorde de la Transitionqui donne son sens à la Monarchie parlementaire actuelle, questionnant toujours sa légitimité d'origine.Based on a multidisciplinary approach and favoring the relation between historic and literary studies, this work is presented in three sections, each addressing the main topic: the dissident discourse of the writer José Bergamín in the Spanish Transition, from different angles. The first section approaches the subject based on issues related to the Historical Memory Movement in Spain along with a new understanding of the Spanish Transition to democracy. Against this background, Bergamín s dissident voice takes on a whole new meaning that calls into question the marginalization of this outstanding 20th century Spanish intellectual. The second part presents a thematic analysis of Bergamín s journalistic articles for Sábado Gráfico, the main source of reference for this research. Through this magazine Bergamín was able to freely express his opinions until censorship brought about his dismissal. The third part offers a political and chronological account of Bergamín s discourse throughout the previously mentioned articles and portrays a testimony of dissent with the Spanish Transition, based on his opposition to monarchy and his struggle for the republic as an alternative. This research confirms the validity of the key hypothesis raised, namely that Bergamín was the spokesman of the España peregrina , firmly rooted in a republican faith nurtured by historical memory and experience, opposed to the spirit of reconciliation and accord that guided the Transition and endorsed the present parliamentary monarchy, the original legitimacy of which he never stopped questioning.NANTERRE-PARIS10-Bib. élec. (920509901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Spatial synchrony in the response of a long range migratory species ( Salmo salar ) to climate change in the North Atlantic Ocean

International audienceA major challenge in understanding the response of populations to climate change is to separate the effects of local drivers acting independently on specific populations, from the effects of global drivers that impact multiple populations simultaneously and thereby synchronize their dynamics. We investigated the environmental drivers and the demographic mechanisms of the widespread decline in marine survival rates of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) over the last four decades. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian life cycle model to quantify the spatial synchrony in the marine survival of 13 large groups of populations (called stock units, SU) from two continental stock-groupings (CSG) in North America (NA) and Southern Europe (SE) over the period 1971-2014. We found strong coherence in the temporal variation in post-smolt marine survival among the 13 SU of NA and SE. A common North Atlantic trend explains 37% of the temporal variability of the survivals for the 13 SU and declines by a factor 1.8 over the 1971-2014 time series. Synchrony in survival trends is stronger between SU within each CSG. The common trends at the scale of NA and SE capture 60% and 42% of the total variance of temporal variations, respectively. Temporal variations of the post-smolt survival are best explained by the temporal variations of sea surface temperature (SST, negative correlation) and net primary production indices (PP, positive correlation) encountered by salmon in common domains during their marine migration. Specifically, in the Labrador Sea/Grand Banks for NA populations 26% and 24% of variance is captured by SST and PP, respectively and in the Norwegian Sea for SE populations 21% and 12% of variance is captured by SST and PP, respectively. The findings support the hypothesis of a response of salmon populations to large climate induced changes in the North Atlantic simultaneously impacting populations from distant continental habitats