VAISHVANARA CHURNA – STANDARDIZATION, EVALUATION AND COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW OF PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHARMACEUTICAL PROPERTIES

Vaishvanara Churna is an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation used traditionally as a Saraka (laxative), Shotaprasamana (anti-inflammatory) and for the treatment of Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis), management of Vibandha (Constipation), Udaravedana (abdominal pain), and Hridroga (heart disease). All the ingredients used in Ayurvedic formulations are of natural origin, owing to which the standardization of Ayurvedic formulations is difficult, which is the need of the hour. Vaishvanara Churna is one such Ayurvedic formulation. The Ayurvedic and other traditional systems of medicines are effective in curing several ailments, but the problem with them is they lack in satisfying quality assurance and quality control parameters, which help us recognize the quality of the formulation. Reliable clinical study data is not available, which thereby increases the scope of research in this area of medicine. This article aims at defining standards by comparing different marketed formulations and an in-house formulation for the evaluation of Vaishvanara Churna. Our study basically intends to highlight the variations observed in marketed samples of Ayurveda formulations, using Vaishvanara Churna as an example. It is an unbiased study and have no intentions to claim anyone of the samples is superior to the other. The Churna was evaluated for its pharmacognostic, pharmaceutical and microbial parameters. The results obtained were within the limits prescribed by Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia

A study of sequelae of acute encephalitis syndrome in district Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: Each year more than 2000 AES cases are admitted in BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India with about 20-25 per cent mortality. Out of the survivors many develop neurological sequel after discharge. There is little information on the extent of disabilities, and no published literature on the subsequent follow-up of the survivors especially children after discharge. Objectives were to study the status of neurological sequelae and other complications, if any, in patients with JE and non-JE AES in the past three years.Methods: All the cases of acute encephalitis syndrome belonging to Gorakhpur District who were discharged after treatment at BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur from Jan 2008 to Dec 2010 was taken. Sample size – Study was conducted in 171 subjects. Out of 19 blocks in Gorakhpur district, three blocks were randomly chosen by simple random sampling method and it was decided to study all available cases in these blocks. Liverpool outcome score, was used as an assessment tool to determine practical level of disability and the likelihood that a child will be able to live independently after illness.Results: Out of 171 cases studied, 21 (12.3%), 48 (28.1%), 56 (32.7%) and 22 (12.9%) had full recovery, mild sequelae, moderate sequelae and severe sequelae respectively. The sequelae were more in forms of behavioural problems (77.6%), low intellect in school or routine task (57.2%), poor speech (20.4%), hearing (14.3%), motor and locomotion (8.9%).Conclusions: Mental & behavioural problems were more frequently encountered sequel in patients with JE and non-JE AES

KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF GOAT FARMERS OF MAYURBHANJ DISTRICT OF ODISHA, INDIA ON HEALTH CARE AND GENERAL MANAGEMENT

The present investigation was carried out with 240 goat farmers financed under Public Sector Bank (PSB) and Microfinance Institution (MFI) in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha, India, to find out their knowledge on health care and general management. The study revealed that 46.25 %, 37.50 % and 16.25 % of the respondents were having low, medium and high level of knowledge on health care and general management respectively. The socio-economic variables in case of the respondents of the PSB like age, education, livestock possession, land holding and income are positively correlated with knowledge on health care and general management. Only Family size variable was found significantly associated with knowledge on health care and general management. In case of the respondents of the MFI, age, family size, livestock possession and land holding are positively correlated with knowledge on health care and general management. Whereas, the variables like education and income are negatively correlated. No variable was found significantly associated with knowledge on health care and general management in case of MFI respondents

The Study of Robust Kalman Filter On Linear and Non-Linear Systems

Kalman filter is one of the best filter utilized as a part of the state estimation taking into account optimality criteria utilizing system model and observation model. Kalman filtering, otherwise called linear quadratic estimation (LQE), is an algorithm that uses a progression of estimations over time, having noise with different errors, and gives assessments of obscure variables that have a tendency to be more exact than those in view of a single estimation alone. The Kalman Filter is an extremely well known recursive state estimator for linear systems. By and by the calculation is frequently utilized for nonlinear systems by linearizing the system's procedure and estimation capacities. Another Kalman Filter variations linearize the functions in various ways, one of that is Extended Kalman Filter(EKF). While various nonlinear techniques having robust within the sight of outliers and adjusted to non-Gaussian noise, it keeps up high statistical efficiency which is attractive. To deal with this issue, another robust Kalman filter strategy is suggested that limits the impact of structural, innovation, and observation outliers in a linear system. This filter is planned to set up the perceptions and forecasts together, making it amazingly effective in smothering numerous outliers. In development, it contains another pre-whitening methodology that gives a robust multivariable estimator of covariance and location. Besides, the filter gives state estimates that are robust to outliers while keeping up a high statistical effectiveness at the Gaussian appropriation by applying a (GM)Generalised Maximum likelihood estimator. Finally, the filter combines the correct error covariance matrix that is gathered using the influence function of GM-estimator. By simulations, the execution of GM-KF to various outliers and state estimation for the applications: tracking of the vehicle

Monitoring of the Groundwater Level using GRACE with GLDAS Satellite Data in Ganga Plain, India to Understand the Challenges of Groundwater, Depletion, Problems, and Strategies for Mitigation

A sub-surface hydrogeological investigation conducted in the Gangetic Plain of India would involve studying the groundwater resources, aquifer characteristics, and overall hydrogeological conditions in the region. The Gangetic Plain is a vast alluvial plain formed by the sediments deposited by the Ganges and its tributaries, making it a significant groundwater (GW) bearing region, which is surrounded by a thick stratum of unconsolidated Alluvial deposits and comprises rich aquifer systems. This study describes a procedure for estimation of the subsurface GW levels for pre-monsoon, 2021 which has been determined by JPL, RL05, temporal datasets of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). The water level observed ranged from 2.3 m to 13 m in the Bhabhar and Terai Belt, 14 to 23 m in the Central Alluvial Plain and Khadar Belt, and 24 m to 31 m in the Marginal Alluvial Plain. Two types of variation are seen: local and geological variation. The GW storage justifies the remote sensing perspective and further validates our research study that regional terristrial water storage mapping can be expeditiously and accurately cognizable by the GRACE/GLDAS mission. This method is used to estimate changes in regional GW, it is a very accurate and time-limited method rather than the traditional method of GW estimation. The use of this technology will help in knowing the discharge status of GW in the state and make policies for its over-exploitation. Drinking water can be conserved to a great extent and monitoring of GW can also be done in the time frame. And attention can be given to those districts where water is being exploited more. In view of the increasing impact of climate change on water resources, this modeling will prove vital for understanding future scenarios and planning sustainable management strategies that will aid in the development of adaptation and mitigation measures

Anorexia Nervosa with Autonomic Instability

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is uncommon in developing societies like India and the clinicians need to have a high index of suspicion to identify it. We are describing an adolescent female who presented with cardiovascular complications (bradycardia and hypotension) of AN. She was initially managed in PICU and later multidisciplinary approach was followed for treating it. This case report reminds us that adolescents having thinness can also have eating disorder

A study of sequelae of acute encephalitis syndrome in district Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: Each year more than 2000 AES cases are admitted in BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India with about 20-25 per cent mortality. Out of the survivors many develop neurological sequel after discharge. There is little information on the extent of disabilities, and no published literature on the subsequent follow-up of the survivors especially children after discharge. Objectives were to study the status of neurological sequelae and other complications, if any, in patients with JE and non-JE AES in the past three years.Methods: All the cases of acute encephalitis syndrome belonging to Gorakhpur District who were discharged after treatment at BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur from Jan 2008 to Dec 2010 was taken. Sample size – Study was conducted in 171 subjects. Out of 19 blocks in Gorakhpur district, three blocks were randomly chosen by simple random sampling method and it was decided to study all available cases in these blocks. Liverpool outcome score, was used as an assessment tool to determine practical level of disability and the likelihood that a child will be able to live independently after illness.Results: Out of 171 cases studied, 21 (12.3%), 48 (28.1%), 56 (32.7%) and 22 (12.9%) had full recovery, mild sequelae, moderate sequelae and severe sequelae respectively. The sequelae were more in forms of behavioural problems (77.6%), low intellect in school or routine task (57.2%), poor speech (20.4%), hearing (14.3%), motor and locomotion (8.9%).Conclusions: Mental & behavioural problems were more frequently encountered sequel in patients with JE and non-JE AES

Primary testicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a review article

Primary testicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was first described as a clinical entity in 1866. It is a rare disease and accounts for 1% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 2% of all extranodal lymphomas and 5% of all testicular neoplasms. It is the most common testicular tumor in males between sixty and eighty years of age. Testicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is unique in its high incidence of bilateral involvement (8-38%), and it is also the most common bilateral testicular tumor. Testicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has a predilection for spreading to non-contiguous extranodal sites, especially the central nervous system. Advanced-stage disease is usually managed with doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. For early-stage disease, opinion is divided regarding systemic chemotherapy following orchidectomy. The high incidence of spreading, especially to the central nervous system, leads to advocacy of the use of central nervous system prophylaxis with intrathecal chemotherapy. Prospective multicenter trials incorporating a large number of patients may lead to better guidelines for optimal management of this subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma