A Property Theory of Future Earning Potential in Dissolution Proceedings

State participation in domestic relations, particularly divorce, is a form of societal protection. When the state, through its courts or laws, establishes procedures for the dissolution of a marital community, society is assured a necessary continuity. Although an individual family unit may change, the laws governing divorce provide for preservation of the rights, privileges, and duties of the family relationship. The state accomplishes this first by allocating and establishing title to property of the marriage, and second by providing for the ongoing support of those who had been financially dependent upon the marital community. This comment begins by outlining state participation in the division of marital property and in the allocation of support between husband and wife. The focus then shifts to a discussion of future earning potential as a possible asset subject to property division. Finally, the comment concludes that future earning potential should be subject to community property division

A Property Theory of Future Earning Potential in Dissolution Proceedings

State participation in domestic relations, particularly divorce, is a form of societal protection. When the state, through its courts or laws, establishes procedures for the dissolution of a marital community, society is assured a necessary continuity. Although an individual family unit may change, the laws governing divorce provide for preservation of the rights, privileges, and duties of the family relationship. The state accomplishes this first by allocating and establishing title to property of the marriage, and second by providing for the ongoing support of those who had been financially dependent upon the marital community. This comment begins by outlining state participation in the division of marital property and in the allocation of support between husband and wife. The focus then shifts to a discussion of future earning potential as a possible asset subject to property division. Finally, the comment concludes that future earning potential should be subject to community property division

Generative AI and academic skills support at UCL: an institutional approach

The release of OpenAI’s ChatGPT-3.5 to the public in November 2022 marked the beginning of a new era in which generative AI (GenAI) tools are widely available. This has prompted a need for academic skills support for students’ use of GenAI in Higher Education. This article outlines UCL’s approach to developing this support, with a particular focus on referencing and acknowledging GenAI. It includes achievements to date, current initiatives and discussion on challenges and perspectives for the future

Promoting Active Engagement with Text-Based Resources in Large First-Year Modules in History

In large courses it can be particularly challenging to engage students in active reading practices. The shift over the last decade to the use of digital sources, and during the pandemic the adoption of online teaching, has further exacerbated the problem. In this paper, we discuss our strategies for engaging large classes (150-250 students) in active reading through use of Talis Elevate, a social annotation tool. We outline two case studies in which we used social annotation and observed a significant increase in student engagement. We propose a new concept, 'active online reading' , which combines structured individual commenting tasks with responding to other students' annotations to enhance learning. This concept has relevance not only in our reading-rich discipline of History but also across higher education more generally

Active Online Reading

This report is an output from a Collaborative Enhancement Project supported and funded by QAA Membership. The project is led by the University of Lincoln in partnership with Sheffield Hallam University, Talis, UCL, the University of Nottingham, and the University of Salford

Glacial geomorphology of the Gaick, Central Grampians, Scotland

The Gaick is an enigmatic glaciated landscape in the Central Grampians, Scotland, dominated by an expansive dissected plateau. Previous studies have postulated widely differing interpretations of the glacial landforms and current understanding of the glacial events in this area is partly restricted by the absence of detailed glacial geomorphological mapping. To address this issue, we present a comprehensive 1: 46,000-scale glacial geomorphological map, covering an area of ∼520 km2. A combination of detailed field mapping and interpretation of aerial photographs and Digital Surface Models (DSMs) has revealed a variety of glacial, periglacial and fluvial landforms, including an abundance of moraines and meltwater channels within valleys. We also identify a glacial sediment-landform assemblage, dissected glaciogenic material, that has not previously been reported in the Scottish Highlands. The geomorphological map provides the necessary foundation for elucidating the extent, dynamics and timing of former glaciation in the area

Bactobolin Resistance Is Conferred by Mutations in the L2 Ribosomal Protein

Burkholderia thailandensis produces a family of polyketide-peptide molecules called bactobolins, some of which are potent antibiotics. We found that growth of B. thailandensis at 30°C versus that at 37°C resulted in increased production of bactobolins. We purified the three most abundant bactobolins and determined their activities against a battery of bacteria and mouse fibroblasts. Two of the three compounds showed strong activities against both bacteria and fibroblasts. The third analog was much less potent in both assays. These results suggested that the target of bactobolins might be conserved across bacteria and mammalian cells. To learn about the mechanism of bactobolin activity, we isolated four spontaneous bactobolin-resistant Bacillus subtilis mutants. We used genomic sequencing technology to show that each of the four resistant variants had mutations in rplB, which codes for the 50S ribosome-associated L2 protein. Ectopic expression of a mutant rplB gene in wild-type B. subtilis conferred bactobolin resistance. Finally, the L2 mutations did not confer resistance to other antibiotics known to interfere with ribosome function. Our data indicate that bactobolins target the L2 protein or a nearby site and that this is not the target of other antibiotics. We presume that the mammalian target of bactobolins involves the eukaryotic homolog of L2 (L8e)

Rapid development and persistence of efficient subglacial drainage under 900 m-thick ice in Greenland

Intensive study of the Greenland Ice Sheet's (GrIS) subglacial drainage has been motivated by its importance for ice dynamics and for nutrient/sediment export to coastal ecosystems. This has revealed consistent seasonal development of efficient subglacial drainage in the lower ablation area. While some hydrological models show qualitative agreement with field data, conflicting evidence (both field- and model-based) maintains uncertainty in the extent and rate of efficient drainage development under thick (∼1 km) ice. Here, we present the first simultaneous time series of directly-observed subglacial drainage evolution, supraglacial hydrology and ice dynamics over 11 weeks in a large GrIS catchment. We demonstrate development of a fast/efficient subglacial drainage system extending from the margin to beneath ice >900 m thick, which then persisted with little response to highly variable moulin inputs including extreme melt events and extended periods (2 weeks) of low melt input. This efficient system evolved within ∼3 weeks at a moulin initiated when a fracture intersected a supraglacial river (rather than hydrofracture and lake drainage). Ice flow response to surface melt inputs at this site follows a pattern commonly observed in the lower GrIS ablation area, and by assuming a strong relationship between ice dynamics and subglacial hydrology, we infer that efficient subglacial drainage evolution is widespread under 900 m-thick ice in west Greenland. This time series of tracer transit characteristics through a developing and then persistent efficient drainage system provides a unique data set with which to validate and constrain existing numerical drainage system models, extending their capability for simulating drainage system evolution under current and future conditionspublishedVersio

The Greenland Ice Sheet as a hot spot of phosphorus weathering and export in the Arctic:THE GREENLAND ICE SHEET P CYCLE

The contribution of ice sheets to the global biogeochemical cycle of phosphorus is largely unknown, due to the lack of field data. Here we present the first comprehensive study of phosphorus export from two Greenland Ice Sheet glaciers. Our results indicate that the ice sheet is a hot spot of phosphorus export in the Arctic. Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations, up to 0.35?µM, are similar to those observed in Arctic rivers. Yields of SRP are among the highest in the literature, with denudation rates of 17–27?kg?P?km?2?yr?1. Particulate phases, as with nonglaciated catchments, dominate phosphorus export (>97% of total phosphorus flux). The labile particulate fraction differs between the two glaciers studied, with significantly higher yields found at the larger glacier (57.3 versus 8.3?kg?P?km?2?yr?1). Total phosphorus yields are an order of magnitude higher than riverine values reported in the literature. We estimate that the ice sheet contributes ~15% of total bioavailable phosphorus input to the Arctic oceans (~11?Gg?yr?1) and dominates total phosphorus input (408?Gg?yr?1), which is more than 3 times that estimated from Arctic rivers (126?Gg?yr?1). We predict that these fluxes will rise with increasing ice sheet freshwater discharge in the future