Effect of vehicular pollution on Duranta repens L. in Jammu City

Experimental potted plants of Duranta repens has been exposed to air pollution at major traffic crossings-Amphalla chowk, Dogra chowk, Bikram chowk, Satwari chowk of Jammu city and also inside University Campus in the department which has been taken as a reference site. Sets of 10 plants were kept at each site and analyzed for various micro morphological, anatomical and biochemical parameters to assess the changes due to air pollution. Analysis of data revealed that micro-morphological parameters viz. stomatal frequency, epidermal cell frequency increased significantly while others like size of the stomata, epidermal cells and length, breadth ratio of the epidermal cells decreased significantly in plants kept at polluted location. All the anatomical parameters such as thickness of midrib region, midrib adjoining region, spongy tissue, upper epidermis and vascular bundles decreased significantly in exposed plants. Among biochemical parameters chlorophyll b decreases significantly while ascorbic acid increases significantly. Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) has also been calculated and found to increase significantly in plants kept at polluted location which indicate that the Duranta repens serve as sink to air pollutants and can be effectively employed for phyto-monitoring auto exhaust pollution along the road side of the busy traffic ways

Review on COVID-19: Rise of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Outbreak

Initially recognized of COVID-19 within the world in 2019, the World Health Organization situational report from May 22nd, 2020, globally, there is a complete of 5,204,508 confirmed cases, with 212 countries being affected by the novel coronavirus. 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is that the seventh member of the family of coronaviruses is enveloped viruses with a positive sense, single-stranded RNA genome. The SARS-CoV-2 may be a β-CoV of group 2B there is 70% comparability in genetic sequence to SARS-CoV. The source of the new coronavirus infection has been resolved as bats. With whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 is 96% comparatively at the whole-genome level to a bat coronavirus. Mechanisms of transmission are concluded to incorporate contact, droplet, and possibly airborne under certain circumstances supported ancient experiences associated with SARS-CoV outbreaks. Although antiretroviral therapy is being widely used everywhere the globe for such patents, effects at finding a SARS-CoV vaccine haven’t succeeded so far

NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF AMARANTHUS TRICOLOR LEAVES ON EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

Objective: The research work deals with the screening of hydroalcoholic extract of Amaranthus tricolor (HAEATL) leaves for central nervous system activity (anti-stress, nootropic, and anti-cataleptic activity). Methods: The screening of scopolamine and different model-induced neurodisorder rats were treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight dose of hydroalcoholic extract of A. tricolor lives in 7 days’ experimental schedule. It has been reported that the antioxidant, hepatoprotective, hematological, and antimicrobial activities. Results: The result of the study reflected that HAEATL (200 and 400 mg/kg) was effective in all methods and showed anti-stress, nootropic, and anti-cataleptic activity in a dose-dependent manner. The results are represented that the HAEATL produce the significant decreased the swimming time, increased the anoxia time, decreased level of biochemical parameters such as glucose and cholesterol except blood urea nitrogen, decreased level of white blood cell and red blood cell, and more significantly decreased the catalepsies score on 7th day compared to the control group. Conclusion: The above valuable animal study, we concluded that the HAEATL showing significantly affect compeer to the disease control group on neuroprotective activity

Global change and coral reef management capacity in the Pacific: engaging scientists and policy makers in Fiji, Samoa, Tuvalu and Tonga: general background dossier

Executive Summary: Sustaining healthy coral reefs is vital to the livelihoods of the people of the Pacific Islands. Global change is having increasing impacts on Pacific coral reefs, leading to increased vulnerability of coastal communities (Reefs at Risk Revisited, 2011. World Resources Institute). Integrating global change into policies across various national government sectors and then, translating this into actions that lead to sustainable management of coastal ecosystems is an enormous challenge. The project sought to address this through face-to-face dialogue between reef experts and government personnel responsible for coral reef management policies. It aimed to strengthen science-policy interaction and linkages and empower policy-makers to make informed decisions. The project targeted four countries all heavily dependent on their coral reefs: Fiji, Samoa, Tonga and Tuvalu. Using the most recent information available on the sustainable management of coral reefs, the project brought Pacific Leaders together with scientists and experts so that they could be apprised of the impacts of global change and of those factors that are affecting the health of their coral reefs. For each country this detailed national dossier was prepared by the project team in consultation with the countries, leading into two-day workshops. The dossier includes a series of issues (including gaps) pertinent to each country which were used in the development of national coral reef plans. About a year later, countries were revisited to review and measure the progress achieved on recommendations on fisheries, marine managed areas, global change and multi-sectoral, multi stakeholder consultations. Although progress varied in the four countries, it was evident that collaboration between relevant government departments needed to be improved and that there was a need for the establishment and implementation of management systems that will be on-going and self financing given the resources available. Workshops were held between June and August 2010, in which a total of some 130 senior officials from Fiji, Samoa, Tuvalu and Tonga attended. The workshops identified priority actions for coral reef management. It was found that all four countries had in place, or are developing, appropriate policies for the sustainable management of their coral reefs, taking into account the anticipated impacts of global change. All lacked, however, an overarching policy and the necessary human resources and expertise required for implementation. This situation highlights the dilemma faced by the small Pacific countries responsible for the custodianship of the unique biodiversity of their reefs. In follow-up discussions two countries (Samoa and Tuvalu), requested our assistance in the development of their National Ocean Policies which would provide the needed over-arching policy and national commitment to sustainable coral reef management. The Institute of Marine Resources has the expertise to do this but would require the necessary funding. The project provided a model for interaction between scientists and policy makers that could be readily extended to other Pacific Island countries or, for that matter, to other island states where the sustainable management of coral reefs is of vital importance for the conservation of valuable reef resources, and for maintaining the livelihoods of people

Heat Induced Oxidative Stress and Aberrations in Liver Function Leading to Hepatic Injury in Rats

Exposure to heat stress (HS) elicits systemic and cellular response in experimental animals and humans. The current study was undertaken to determine the effect of HS on liver microstructure and function in rats. A heat simulation chamber with ambient temperature (Ta) 45 ± 0.5 °C and relative humidity (RH) 30 ± 5 per cent was used to expose animals to HS. Rats were categorised as moderately heat stressed (MHS, Tc = 40 °C) and severely heat stressed (SHS, Tc = 42 °C) group. We observed that with rise in core temperature (Tc) alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were increased but glucose level was decreased in both plasma and liver tissue. Significantly elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) were detected in liver of MHS and SHS animals. Additionally, glutathione disulfide and glutathione (GSSG and GSH) ratio was found to be increased with rise in Tc which suggested saturation in antioxidant capacity of tissue. Furthermore, levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and caspases were upregulated upon HS. Results of histological examination indicated extensive loss of cells in liver parenchyma leading to disorganisation of lobular structure. Thus, biochemical and histological studies in experimental animals demonstrates that HS may severely altered structural and biochemical functions of liver

The role of open abdomen in non-trauma patient : WSES Consensus Paper

The open abdomen (OA) is defined as intentional decision to leave the fascial edges of the abdomen un-approximated after laparotomy (laparostomy). The abdominal contents are potentially exposed and therefore must be protected with a temporary coverage, which is referred to as temporal abdominal closure (TAC). OA use remains widely debated with many specific details deserving detailed assessment and clarification. To date, in patients with intra-abdominal emergencies, the OA has not been formally endorsed for routine utilization; although, utilization is seemingly increasing. Therefore, the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), Abdominal Compartment Society (WSACS) and the Donegal Research Academy united a worldwide group of experts in an international consensus conference to review and thereafter propose the basis for evidence-directed utilization of OA management in non-trauma emergency surgery and critically ill patients. In addition to utilization recommendations, questions with insufficient evidence urgently requiring future study were identified.Peer reviewe

Comparative effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin K antagonists for atrial fibrillation in clinical practice: GLORIA-AF Registry

Background and purpose: Prospectively collected data comparing the safety and effectiveness of individual non-vitamin K antagonists (NOACs) are lacking. Our objective was to directly compare the effectiveness and safety of NOACs in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: In GLORIA-AF, a large, prospective, global registry program, consecutive patients with newly diagnosed AF were followed for 3 years. The comparative analyses for (1) dabigatran vs rivaroxaban or apixaban and (2) rivaroxaban vs apixaban were performed on propensity score (PS)-matched patient sets. Proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for outcomes of interest. Results: The GLORIA-AF Phase III registry enrolled 21,300 patients between January 2014 and December 2016. Of these, 3839 were prescribed dabigatran, 4015 rivaroxaban and 4505 apixaban, with median ages of 71.0, 71.0, and 73.0 years, respectively. In the PS-matched set, the adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dabigatran vs rivaroxaban were, for stroke: 1.27 (0.79–2.03), major bleeding 0.59 (0.40–0.88), myocardial infarction 0.68 (0.40–1.16), and all-cause death 0.86 (0.67–1.10). For the comparison of dabigatran vs apixaban, in the PS-matched set, the adjusted HRs were, for stroke 1.16 (0.76–1.78), myocardial infarction 0.84 (0.48–1.46), major bleeding 0.98 (0.63–1.52) and all-cause death 1.01 (0.79–1.29). For the comparison of rivaroxaban vs apixaban, in the PS-matched set, the adjusted HRs were, for stroke 0.78 (0.52–1.19), myocardial infarction 0.96 (0.63–1.45), major bleeding 1.54 (1.14–2.08), and all-cause death 0.97 (0.80–1.19). Conclusions: Patients treated with dabigatran had a 41% lower risk of major bleeding compared with rivaroxaban, but similar risks of stroke, MI, and death. Relative to apixaban, patients treated with dabigatran had similar risks of stroke, major bleeding, MI, and death. Rivaroxaban relative to apixaban had increased risk for major bleeding, but similar risks for stroke, MI, and death. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT01468701, NCT01671007. Date of registration: September 2013

Anticoagulant selection in relation to the SAMe-TT2R2 score in patients with atrial fibrillation. the GLORIA-AF registry

Aim: The SAMe-TT2R2 score helps identify patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) likely to have poor anticoagulation control during anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and those with scores >2 might be better managed with a target-specific oral anticoagulant (NOAC). We hypothesized that in clinical practice, VKAs may be prescribed less frequently to patients with AF and SAMe-TT2R2 scores >2 than to patients with lower scores. Methods and results: We analyzed the Phase III dataset of the Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (GLORIA-AF), a large, global, prospective global registry of patients with newly diagnosed AF and ≥1 stroke risk factor. We compared baseline clinical characteristics and antithrombotic prescriptions to determine the probability of the VKA prescription among anticoagulated patients with the baseline SAMe-TT2R2 score >2 and ≤ 2. Among 17,465 anticoagulated patients with AF, 4,828 (27.6%) patients were prescribed VKA and 12,637 (72.4%) patients an NOAC: 11,884 (68.0%) patients had SAMe-TT2R2 scores 0-2 and 5,581 (32.0%) patients had scores >2. The proportion of patients prescribed VKA was 28.0% among patients with SAMe-TT2R2 scores >2 and 27.5% in those with scores ≤2. Conclusions: The lack of a clear association between the SAMe-TT2R2 score and anticoagulant selection may be attributed to the relative efficacy and safety profiles between NOACs and VKAs as well as to the absence of trial evidence that an SAMe-TT2R2-guided strategy for the selection of the type of anticoagulation in NVAF patients has an impact on clinical outcomes of efficacy and safety. The latter hypothesis is currently being tested in a randomized controlled trial. Clinical trial registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov//Unique identifier: NCT01937377, NCT01468701, and NCT01671007