ANÁLISIS DEL RENDIMIENTO DE PROCESADORES MULTINÚCLEO EMBEBIDOS EN DISPOSITIVOS DIGITALES AL EJECUTAR APLICACIONES PARALELAS

ResumenEsta investigación ha sido posible gracias a las facilidades brindadas por el Instituto Tecnológico Superior del Sur del Estado de Yucatán y la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. El presente trabajo analiza el rendimiento de procesadores multinúcleo embebidos en dispositivos digitales al ejecutar aplicaciones paralelas desarrolladas con Python, C++, OpenMP y Boost. El rendimiento es analizado a partir de la medición y cálculo de tres indicadores: tiempo de ejecución, aceleración y eficiencia. Los procesadores multinúcleo reúnen varias unidades de procesamiento energéticamente eficientes en un solo microprocesador, pudiendo ser aprovechados al máximo si las aplicaciones se diseñan bajo el paradigma de computación paralela. Se aplicó la metodología de programación paralela en espiral para la implementación de dos aplicaciones: multiplicación de matrices y convolución de imágenes. Se ejecutaron en diversos dispositivos digitales con procesador multinúcleo embebido registrando los tiempos de ejecución para su análisis. Los resultados demostraron la mejora del rendimiento al reducir el 73% del tiempo total de ejecución, alcanzando eficiencia de hasta 94% con cuatro núcleos.Palabras Claves: Boost, OpenMP, procesador multinúcleo, programación paralela. AbstractThis research has been possible thanks to the support made by the Instituto Tecnológico Superior del Sur del Estado de Yucatán and Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán facilities. In this document the performance of embedded multicore processors in digital devices is analyzed when running parallel applications developed using Python, C ++, OpenMP and Boost. Analysis of performance is based on three indicators: execution time, speed-up and efficiency. Multicore processors cluster several energy-efficient processing units in a single microprocessor and its best performance can be achieved if the applications are designed using the parallel computing. A spiral methodology for parallel programming was applied to implement two applications: matrix multiplication and image convolution. A variety of digital devices with embedded multicore processors were used to execute the programs and record execution times for analysis. The results showed an improvement in performance by reducing 73% of the total execution time, reaching up to 94% efficiency with four cores.Keywords: Boost, OpenMP, multicore processor, parallel computing

SISTEMA EXPERTO EN APOYO A TOMA DE DECISIONES PARA APROBACIÓN DE LÍNEAS DE CRÉDITO

ResumenEl presente estudio aborda el preproceso y análisis de la información obtenida de una base de datos de un banco de Japón, en el cual profesionales expertos han tomado decisiones para aprobación o rechazo de líneas de crédito para 690 usuarios; para el análisis de la información se emplearon herramientas de minería de datos hasta obtener reglas de producción con base al algoritmo de clasificación J48; a partir de las reglas obtenidas se empleó una técnica de inteligencia artificial, sistemas expertos, para modelar el comportamiento en la aprobación o rechazo de líneas de crédito, obteniendo una herramienta confiable al 91 por ciento para emular la resolución de expertos humanos en la toma de decisiones, dirigida a profesionales no expertos en el área, cuyos resultados pueden ser empleados en otras áreas que requieran de esta metodología para su implementación.Palabra(s) Clave: Inteligencia artificial, Minería de datos, Sistema experto. EXPERT SYSTEM IN SUPPORT OF DECISION MAKING FOR THE APPROVAL OF LINES OF CREDITAbstractThe present investigation deals with the pre-processing and analysis of information obtained from a database of a bank in Japan, in which expert professionals have made decisions for approval or rejection of credit lines for 690 users; data mining tool are used for the analysis of the information to obtain production rules based on the classification algorithm J48;from the obtained rules was used an artificial intelligence technique, expert systems, to model the behavior in credit approval or rejection, obtaining a reliable tool at 91 percent to emulate the resolution of human experts in decision making, aimed at professionals who are not experts in the area, whose results can be used in other areas that require this methodology for its implementation.Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Data mining, Expert system

Snowmass 2021 CMB-S4 White Paper

This Snowmass 2021 White Paper describes the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project CMB-S4, which is designed to cross critical thresholds in our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. We provide an overview of the science case, the technical design, and project plan

Snowmass 2021 CMB-S4 White Paper

This Snowmass 2021 White Paper describes the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project CMB-S4, which is designed to cross critical thresholds in our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. We provide an overview of the science case, the technical design, and project plan

Snowmass 2021 CMB-S4 White Paper

This Snowmass 2021 White Paper describes the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project CMB-S4, which is designed to cross critical thresholds in our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. We provide an overview of the science case, the technical design, and project plan

Snowmass 2021 CMB-S4 White Paper

This Snowmass 2021 White Paper describes the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project CMB-S4, which is designed to cross critical thresholds in our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. We provide an overview of the science case, the technical design, and project plan

Snowmass 2021 CMB-S4 White Paper

This Snowmass 2021 White Paper describes the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project CMB-S4, which is designed to cross critical thresholds in our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. We provide an overview of the science case, the technical design, and project plan

Snowmass 2021 CMB-S4 White Paper

This Snowmass 2021 White Paper describes the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project CMB-S4, which is designed to cross critical thresholds in our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. We provide an overview of the science case, the technical design, and project plan

Snowmass 2021 CMB-S4 White Paper

This Snowmass 2021 White Paper describes the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project CMB-S4, which is designed to cross critical thresholds in our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. We provide an overview of the science case, the technical design, and project plan

Ticagrelor in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease with a history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention (THEMIS-PCI) : a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised trial

Background: Patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes with previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), particularly those with previous stenting, are at high risk of ischaemic events. These patients are generally treated with aspirin. In this trial, we aimed to investigate if these patients would benefit from treatment with aspirin plus ticagrelor. Methods: The Effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in diabEtes Mellitus patients Intervention Study (THEMIS) was a phase 3 randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, done in 1315 sites in 42 countries. Patients were eligible if 50 years or older, with type 2 diabetes, receiving anti-hyperglycaemic drugs for at least 6 months, with stable coronary artery disease, and one of three other mutually non-exclusive criteria: a history of previous PCI or of coronary artery bypass grafting, or documentation of angiographic stenosis of 50% or more in at least one coronary artery. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either ticagrelor or placebo, by use of an interactive voice-response or web-response system. The THEMIS-PCI trial comprised a prespecified subgroup of patients with previous PCI. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (measured in the intention-to-treat population). Findings: Between Feb 17, 2014, and May 24, 2016, 11 154 patients (58% of the overall THEMIS trial) with a history of previous PCI were enrolled in the THEMIS-PCI trial. Median follow-up was 3·3 years (IQR 2·8–3·8). In the previous PCI group, fewer patients receiving ticagrelor had a primary efficacy outcome event than in the placebo group (404 [7·3%] of 5558 vs 480 [8·6%] of 5596; HR 0·85 [95% CI 0·74–0·97], p=0·013). The same effect was not observed in patients without PCI (p=0·76, p interaction=0·16). The proportion of patients with cardiovascular death was similar in both treatment groups (174 [3·1%] with ticagrelor vs 183 (3·3%) with placebo; HR 0·96 [95% CI 0·78–1·18], p=0·68), as well as all-cause death (282 [5·1%] vs 323 [5·8%]; 0·88 [0·75–1·03], p=0·11). TIMI major bleeding occurred in 111 (2·0%) of 5536 patients receiving ticagrelor and 62 (1·1%) of 5564 patients receiving placebo (HR 2·03 [95% CI 1·48–2·76], p<0·0001), and fatal bleeding in 6 (0·1%) of 5536 patients with ticagrelor and 6 (0·1%) of 5564 with placebo (1·13 [0·36–3·50], p=0·83). Intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 33 (0·6%) and 31 (0·6%) patients (1·21 [0·74–1·97], p=0·45). Ticagrelor improved net clinical benefit: 519/5558 (9·3%) versus 617/5596 (11·0%), HR=0·85, 95% CI 0·75–0·95, p=0·005, in contrast to patients without PCI where it did not, p interaction=0·012. Benefit was present irrespective of time from most recent PCI. Interpretation: In patients with diabetes, stable coronary artery disease, and previous PCI, ticagrelor added to aspirin reduced cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, although with increased major bleeding. In that large, easily identified population, ticagrelor provided a favourable net clinical benefit (more than in patients without history of PCI). This effect shows that long-term therapy with ticagrelor in addition to aspirin should be considered in patients with diabetes and a history of PCI who have tolerated antiplatelet therapy, have high ischaemic risk, and low bleeding risk