23 research outputs found
Plateforme de communication sans fil pour rĂ©seaux de capteurs ultra rapides en environnement extrĂȘme
La thĂšse se concentre sur lâacheminement des signaux ultra-rapides dĂ©livrĂ©s par des capteurs de pression dâonde de souffle lors dâexpĂ©rimentations de dĂ©tonique. Ces expĂ©rimentations Ă©tant trĂšs dangereuses, elles impliquent une grande distance de protection Ă des fins de sĂ©curitĂ©. Les signaux de mesure Ă transmettre sont analogiques et large bande de frĂ©quence. Ils sont en outre altĂ©rĂ©s par la technique dâacheminement actuelle utilisant des cĂąbles coaxiaux, qui peuvent atteindre plusieurs centaines de mĂštres. La limitation de la bande passante causĂ©e par ce montage filaire, en plus des problĂšmes posĂ©s par les rĂ©flexions du signal Ă©lectrique aux deux extrĂ©mitĂ©s des cĂąbles, est Ă lâorigine dâune modification de lâallure du signal et complique lâĂ©valuation de la surpression maximale de lâonde de souffle. Un systĂšme sans fil a donc Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ© pour pallier les inconvĂ©nients de la technologie actuelle. Un oscillateur contrĂŽlĂ© en tension module en frĂ©quence une porteuse radiofrĂ©quence Ă 5.8 GHz avec le signal directement issu du capteur. Cette porteuse est ensuite rayonnĂ©e par une antenne (dipĂŽle demi-onde), puis captĂ©e par une antenne cornet placĂ©e Ă distance de lâexplosion. La porteuse radiofrĂ©quence est alors numĂ©risĂ©e directement Ă la rĂ©ception aprĂšs amplification. La frĂ©quence instantanĂ©e de la porteuse peut ĂȘtre estimĂ©e au cours du temps sur quelques nanosecondes Ă lâaide dâune transformĂ©e de Fourier glissante, ce qui permet la transmission de signaux analogiques transitoires de temps de montĂ©e infĂ©rieur Ă 10 ns, indĂ©pendamment de la distance de transmission. Pour retrouver le signal de pression appliquĂ© Ă lâentrĂ©e de modulation du VCO Ă partir de la frĂ©quence instantanĂ©e de la porteuse mesurĂ©e en rĂ©ception, lâoscillateur est prĂ©alablement calibrĂ© Ă lâaide dâun signal de rĂ©fĂ©rence, ce qui permet de dĂ©terminer sa caractĂ©ristique tension/frĂ©quence. DiffĂ©rents modĂšles ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s pour simuler au mieux la caractĂ©ristique de lâoscillateur. Au final, des rĂ©sultats de transmission sans fil de signaux de type Ă©chelon (fonction de Heaviside) et de signaux de type pic-dĂ©tente (fonction de Friedlander) sont dâabord prĂ©sentĂ©s, puis des signaux de mesures rĂ©els transmis sans fil depuis lâintĂ©rieur de boules de feu formĂ©es par la dĂ©tonation dâexplosifs condensĂ©s sont obtenus et analysĂ©s pour la premiĂšre fois
Plateforme de communication sans fil pour rĂ©seaux de capteurs ultra rapides en environnement extrĂȘme
The thesis focuses on the routing of signals delivered by ultra-fast blast wave pressure sensors during detonics experiments. These experiments being very dangerous, they imply a great protection distance for safety purposes. The measurement signals to be transmitted are analog and wide band., and they are currently routed with coaxial cables, which can reach hundreds of meters. Bandwidth limitation caused by wires, in addition to the problems of reflections of the electrical signal at the two ends of the cables, leads to signal integrity degradation and complicates the evaluation of the maximum overpressure of the blast wave. A wireless system has therefore been developed to overcome the drawbacks of current technology. A voltage controlled oscillator generates a radio frequency carrier at 5.8 GHz frequency modulated with the signal directly from the sensor. This carrier is then radiated by an antenna (half-wave dipole), then picked up by a horn antenna placed away from the explosion. The radiofrequency carrier is then digitized directly on reception after amplification. The instantaneous frequency of the carrier can be estimated over time over a few nanoseconds using a sliding Fourier transform, which allows the transmission of transient analog signals with rise time of less than 10 ns, regardless of distance. transmission. To find the pressure signal applied to the modulation input of the VCO from the instantaneous frequency of the carrier measured on reception, the oscillator is calibrated beforehand using a reference signal, which makes it possible to determine its voltage / frequency characteristic. Different models have been studied to estimate the characteristic of the oscillator. Finally, wireless transmission of step signals (Heaviside function) and exponential decay type signals (Friedlander function) are presented first, then actual measurement signals wirelessly transmitted from the device are also presented. Those signals were wirelessly transmitted from the inside of the Fireball formed by the detonation of condensed explosives, they are analyzed for the first time.La thĂšse se concentre sur lâacheminement des signaux ultra-rapides dĂ©livrĂ©s par des capteurs de pression dâonde de souffle lors dâexpĂ©rimentations de dĂ©tonique. Ces expĂ©rimentations Ă©tant trĂšs dangereuses, elles impliquent une grande distance de protection Ă des fins de sĂ©curitĂ©. Les signaux de mesure Ă transmettre sont analogiques et large bande de frĂ©quence. Ils sont en outre altĂ©rĂ©s par la technique dâacheminement actuelle utilisant des cĂąbles coaxiaux, qui peuvent atteindre plusieurs centaines de mĂštres. La limitation de la bande passante causĂ©e par ce montage filaire, en plus des problĂšmes posĂ©s par les rĂ©flexions du signal Ă©lectrique aux deux extrĂ©mitĂ©s des cĂąbles, est Ă lâorigine dâune modification de lâallure du signal et complique lâĂ©valuation de la surpression maximale de lâonde de souffle. Un systĂšme sans fil a donc Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ© pour pallier les inconvĂ©nients de la technologie actuelle. Un oscillateur contrĂŽlĂ© en tension module en frĂ©quence une porteuse radiofrĂ©quence Ă 5.8 GHz avec le signal directement issu du capteur. Cette porteuse est ensuite rayonnĂ©e par une antenne (dipĂŽle demi-onde), puis captĂ©e par une antenne cornet placĂ©e Ă distance de lâexplosion. La porteuse radiofrĂ©quence est alors numĂ©risĂ©e directement Ă la rĂ©ception aprĂšs amplification. La frĂ©quence instantanĂ©e de la porteuse peut ĂȘtre estimĂ©e au cours du temps sur quelques nanosecondes Ă lâaide dâune transformĂ©e de Fourier glissante, ce qui permet la transmission de signaux analogiques transitoires de temps de montĂ©e infĂ©rieur Ă 10 ns, indĂ©pendamment de la distance de transmission. Pour retrouver le signal de pression appliquĂ© Ă lâentrĂ©e de modulation du VCO Ă partir de la frĂ©quence instantanĂ©e de la porteuse mesurĂ©e en rĂ©ception, lâoscillateur est prĂ©alablement calibrĂ© Ă lâaide dâun signal de rĂ©fĂ©rence, ce qui permet de dĂ©terminer sa caractĂ©ristique tension/frĂ©quence. DiffĂ©rents modĂšles ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s pour simuler au mieux la caractĂ©ristique de lâoscillateur. Au final, des rĂ©sultats de transmission sans fil de signaux de type Ă©chelon (fonction de Heaviside) et de signaux de type pic-dĂ©tente (fonction de Friedlander) sont dâabord prĂ©sentĂ©s, puis des signaux de mesures rĂ©els transmis sans fil depuis lâintĂ©rieur de boules de feu formĂ©es par la dĂ©tonation dâexplosifs condensĂ©s sont obtenus et analysĂ©s pour la premiĂšre fois
Wireless communication for ultra-fast pressure sensor in extreme environment
La thĂšse se concentre sur lâacheminement des signaux ultra-rapides dĂ©livrĂ©s par des capteurs de pression dâonde de souffle lors dâexpĂ©rimentations de dĂ©tonique. Ces expĂ©rimentations Ă©tant trĂšs dangereuses, elles impliquent une grande distance de protection Ă des fins de sĂ©curitĂ©. Les signaux de mesure Ă transmettre sont analogiques et large bande de frĂ©quence. Ils sont en outre altĂ©rĂ©s par la technique dâacheminement actuelle utilisant des cĂąbles coaxiaux, qui peuvent atteindre plusieurs centaines de mĂštres. La limitation de la bande passante causĂ©e par ce montage filaire, en plus des problĂšmes posĂ©s par les rĂ©flexions du signal Ă©lectrique aux deux extrĂ©mitĂ©s des cĂąbles, est Ă lâorigine dâune modification de lâallure du signal et complique lâĂ©valuation de la surpression maximale de lâonde de souffle. Un systĂšme sans fil a donc Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ© pour pallier les inconvĂ©nients de la technologie actuelle. Un oscillateur contrĂŽlĂ© en tension module en frĂ©quence une porteuse radiofrĂ©quence Ă 5.8 GHz avec le signal directement issu du capteur. Cette porteuse est ensuite rayonnĂ©e par une antenne (dipĂŽle demi-onde), puis captĂ©e par une antenne cornet placĂ©e Ă distance de lâexplosion. La porteuse radiofrĂ©quence est alors numĂ©risĂ©e directement Ă la rĂ©ception aprĂšs amplification. La frĂ©quence instantanĂ©e de la porteuse peut ĂȘtre estimĂ©e au cours du temps sur quelques nanosecondes Ă lâaide dâune transformĂ©e de Fourier glissante, ce qui permet la transmission de signaux analogiques transitoires de temps de montĂ©e infĂ©rieur Ă 10 ns, indĂ©pendamment de la distance de transmission. Pour retrouver le signal de pression appliquĂ© Ă lâentrĂ©e de modulation du VCO Ă partir de la frĂ©quence instantanĂ©e de la porteuse mesurĂ©e en rĂ©ception, lâoscillateur est prĂ©alablement calibrĂ© Ă lâaide dâun signal de rĂ©fĂ©rence, ce qui permet de dĂ©terminer sa caractĂ©ristique tension/frĂ©quence. DiffĂ©rents modĂšles ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s pour simuler au mieux la caractĂ©ristique de lâoscillateur. Au final, des rĂ©sultats de transmission sans fil de signaux de type Ă©chelon (fonction de Heaviside) et de signaux de type pic-dĂ©tente (fonction de Friedlander) sont dâabord prĂ©sentĂ©s, puis des signaux de mesures rĂ©els transmis sans fil depuis lâintĂ©rieur de boules de feu formĂ©es par la dĂ©tonation dâexplosifs condensĂ©s sont obtenus et analysĂ©s pour la premiĂšre fois.The thesis focuses on the routing of signals delivered by ultra-fast blast wave pressure sensors during detonics experiments. These experiments being very dangerous, they imply a great protection distance for safety purposes. The measurement signals to be transmitted are analog and wide band., and they are currently routed with coaxial cables, which can reach hundreds of meters. Bandwidth limitation caused by wires, in addition to the problems of reflections of the electrical signal at the two ends of the cables, leads to signal integrity degradation and complicates the evaluation of the maximum overpressure of the blast wave. A wireless system has therefore been developed to overcome the drawbacks of current technology. A voltage controlled oscillator generates a radio frequency carrier at 5.8 GHz frequency modulated with the signal directly from the sensor. This carrier is then radiated by an antenna (half-wave dipole), then picked up by a horn antenna placed away from the explosion. The radiofrequency carrier is then digitized directly on reception after amplification. The instantaneous frequency of the carrier can be estimated over time over a few nanoseconds using a sliding Fourier transform, which allows the transmission of transient analog signals with rise time of less than 10 ns, regardless of distance. transmission. To find the pressure signal applied to the modulation input of the VCO from the instantaneous frequency of the carrier measured on reception, the oscillator is calibrated beforehand using a reference signal, which makes it possible to determine its voltage / frequency characteristic. Different models have been studied to estimate the characteristic of the oscillator. Finally, wireless transmission of step signals (Heaviside function) and exponential decay type signals (Friedlander function) are presented first, then actual measurement signals wirelessly transmitted from the device are also presented. Those signals were wirelessly transmitted from the inside of the Fireball formed by the detonation of condensed explosives, they are analyzed for the first time
Plateforme de communication sans fil pour rĂ©seaux de capteurs ultra rapides en environnement extrĂȘme
The thesis focuses on the routing of signals delivered by ultra-fast blast wave pressure sensors during detonics experiments. These experiments being very dangerous, they imply a great protection distance for safety purposes. The measurement signals to be transmitted are analog and wide band., and they are currently routed with coaxial cables, which can reach hundreds of meters. Bandwidth limitation caused by wires, in addition to the problems of reflections of the electrical signal at the two ends of the cables, leads to signal integrity degradation and complicates the evaluation of the maximum overpressure of the blast wave. A wireless system has therefore been developed to overcome the drawbacks of current technology. A voltage controlled oscillator generates a radio frequency carrier at 5.8 GHz frequency modulated with the signal directly from the sensor. This carrier is then radiated by an antenna (half-wave dipole), then picked up by a horn antenna placed away from the explosion. The radiofrequency carrier is then digitized directly on reception after amplification. The instantaneous frequency of the carrier can be estimated over time over a few nanoseconds using a sliding Fourier transform, which allows the transmission of transient analog signals with rise time of less than 10 ns, regardless of distance. transmission. To find the pressure signal applied to the modulation input of the VCO from the instantaneous frequency of the carrier measured on reception, the oscillator is calibrated beforehand using a reference signal, which makes it possible to determine its voltage / frequency characteristic. Different models have been studied to estimate the characteristic of the oscillator. Finally, wireless transmission of step signals (Heaviside function) and exponential decay type signals (Friedlander function) are presented first, then actual measurement signals wirelessly transmitted from the device are also presented. Those signals were wirelessly transmitted from the inside of the Fireball formed by the detonation of condensed explosives, they are analyzed for the first time.La thĂšse se concentre sur lâacheminement des signaux ultra-rapides dĂ©livrĂ©s par des capteurs de pression dâonde de souffle lors dâexpĂ©rimentations de dĂ©tonique. Ces expĂ©rimentations Ă©tant trĂšs dangereuses, elles impliquent une grande distance de protection Ă des fins de sĂ©curitĂ©. Les signaux de mesure Ă transmettre sont analogiques et large bande de frĂ©quence. Ils sont en outre altĂ©rĂ©s par la technique dâacheminement actuelle utilisant des cĂąbles coaxiaux, qui peuvent atteindre plusieurs centaines de mĂštres. La limitation de la bande passante causĂ©e par ce montage filaire, en plus des problĂšmes posĂ©s par les rĂ©flexions du signal Ă©lectrique aux deux extrĂ©mitĂ©s des cĂąbles, est Ă lâorigine dâune modification de lâallure du signal et complique lâĂ©valuation de la surpression maximale de lâonde de souffle. Un systĂšme sans fil a donc Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ© pour pallier les inconvĂ©nients de la technologie actuelle. Un oscillateur contrĂŽlĂ© en tension module en frĂ©quence une porteuse radiofrĂ©quence Ă 5.8 GHz avec le signal directement issu du capteur. Cette porteuse est ensuite rayonnĂ©e par une antenne (dipĂŽle demi-onde), puis captĂ©e par une antenne cornet placĂ©e Ă distance de lâexplosion. La porteuse radiofrĂ©quence est alors numĂ©risĂ©e directement Ă la rĂ©ception aprĂšs amplification. La frĂ©quence instantanĂ©e de la porteuse peut ĂȘtre estimĂ©e au cours du temps sur quelques nanosecondes Ă lâaide dâune transformĂ©e de Fourier glissante, ce qui permet la transmission de signaux analogiques transitoires de temps de montĂ©e infĂ©rieur Ă 10 ns, indĂ©pendamment de la distance de transmission. Pour retrouver le signal de pression appliquĂ© Ă lâentrĂ©e de modulation du VCO Ă partir de la frĂ©quence instantanĂ©e de la porteuse mesurĂ©e en rĂ©ception, lâoscillateur est prĂ©alablement calibrĂ© Ă lâaide dâun signal de rĂ©fĂ©rence, ce qui permet de dĂ©terminer sa caractĂ©ristique tension/frĂ©quence. DiffĂ©rents modĂšles ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s pour simuler au mieux la caractĂ©ristique de lâoscillateur. Au final, des rĂ©sultats de transmission sans fil de signaux de type Ă©chelon (fonction de Heaviside) et de signaux de type pic-dĂ©tente (fonction de Friedlander) sont dâabord prĂ©sentĂ©s, puis des signaux de mesures rĂ©els transmis sans fil depuis lâintĂ©rieur de boules de feu formĂ©es par la dĂ©tonation dâexplosifs condensĂ©s sont obtenus et analysĂ©s pour la premiĂšre fois
Plateforme de communication sans fil pour rĂ©seaux de capteurs ultra rapides en environnement extrĂȘme
The thesis focuses on the routing of signals delivered by ultra-fast blast wave pressure sensors during detonics experiments. These experiments being very dangerous, they imply a great protection distance for safety purposes. The measurement signals to be transmitted are analog and wide band., and they are currently routed with coaxial cables, which can reach hundreds of meters. Bandwidth limitation caused by wires, in addition to the problems of reflections of the electrical signal at the two ends of the cables, leads to signal integrity degradation and complicates the evaluation of the maximum overpressure of the blast wave. A wireless system has therefore been developed to overcome the drawbacks of current technology. A voltage controlled oscillator generates a radio frequency carrier at 5.8 GHz frequency modulated with the signal directly from the sensor. This carrier is then radiated by an antenna (half-wave dipole), then picked up by a horn antenna placed away from the explosion. The radiofrequency carrier is then digitized directly on reception after amplification. The instantaneous frequency of the carrier can be estimated over time over a few nanoseconds using a sliding Fourier transform, which allows the transmission of transient analog signals with rise time of less than 10 ns, regardless of distance. transmission. To find the pressure signal applied to the modulation input of the VCO from the instantaneous frequency of the carrier measured on reception, the oscillator is calibrated beforehand using a reference signal, which makes it possible to determine its voltage / frequency characteristic. Different models have been studied to estimate the characteristic of the oscillator. Finally, wireless transmission of step signals (Heaviside function) and exponential decay type signals (Friedlander function) are presented first, then actual measurement signals wirelessly transmitted from the device are also presented. Those signals were wirelessly transmitted from the inside of the Fireball formed by the detonation of condensed explosives, they are analyzed for the first time.La thĂšse se concentre sur lâacheminement des signaux ultra-rapides dĂ©livrĂ©s par des capteurs de pression dâonde de souffle lors dâexpĂ©rimentations de dĂ©tonique. Ces expĂ©rimentations Ă©tant trĂšs dangereuses, elles impliquent une grande distance de protection Ă des fins de sĂ©curitĂ©. Les signaux de mesure Ă transmettre sont analogiques et large bande de frĂ©quence. Ils sont en outre altĂ©rĂ©s par la technique dâacheminement actuelle utilisant des cĂąbles coaxiaux, qui peuvent atteindre plusieurs centaines de mĂštres. La limitation de la bande passante causĂ©e par ce montage filaire, en plus des problĂšmes posĂ©s par les rĂ©flexions du signal Ă©lectrique aux deux extrĂ©mitĂ©s des cĂąbles, est Ă lâorigine dâune modification de lâallure du signal et complique lâĂ©valuation de la surpression maximale de lâonde de souffle. Un systĂšme sans fil a donc Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ© pour pallier les inconvĂ©nients de la technologie actuelle. Un oscillateur contrĂŽlĂ© en tension module en frĂ©quence une porteuse radiofrĂ©quence Ă 5.8 GHz avec le signal directement issu du capteur. Cette porteuse est ensuite rayonnĂ©e par une antenne (dipĂŽle demi-onde), puis captĂ©e par une antenne cornet placĂ©e Ă distance de lâexplosion. La porteuse radiofrĂ©quence est alors numĂ©risĂ©e directement Ă la rĂ©ception aprĂšs amplification. La frĂ©quence instantanĂ©e de la porteuse peut ĂȘtre estimĂ©e au cours du temps sur quelques nanosecondes Ă lâaide dâune transformĂ©e de Fourier glissante, ce qui permet la transmission de signaux analogiques transitoires de temps de montĂ©e infĂ©rieur Ă 10 ns, indĂ©pendamment de la distance de transmission. Pour retrouver le signal de pression appliquĂ© Ă lâentrĂ©e de modulation du VCO Ă partir de la frĂ©quence instantanĂ©e de la porteuse mesurĂ©e en rĂ©ception, lâoscillateur est prĂ©alablement calibrĂ© Ă lâaide dâun signal de rĂ©fĂ©rence, ce qui permet de dĂ©terminer sa caractĂ©ristique tension/frĂ©quence. DiffĂ©rents modĂšles ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s pour simuler au mieux la caractĂ©ristique de lâoscillateur. Au final, des rĂ©sultats de transmission sans fil de signaux de type Ă©chelon (fonction de Heaviside) et de signaux de type pic-dĂ©tente (fonction de Friedlander) sont dâabord prĂ©sentĂ©s, puis des signaux de mesures rĂ©els transmis sans fil depuis lâintĂ©rieur de boules de feu formĂ©es par la dĂ©tonation dâexplosifs condensĂ©s sont obtenus et analysĂ©s pour la premiĂšre fois
Frequency Bandwidth of Pressure Sensors Dedicated to Blast Experiments
New broadband (>1 MHz) pressure sensors are regularly reported in the literature to measure the overpressure of blast waves. However, the frequency bandwidth needed to accurately measure such overpressure has not yet been clearly discussed. In this article, we present a methodology to determine the bandwidth required to estimate the overpressure magnitude at the front of a blast wave, in order to obtain a desired estimation accuracy. The bandwidth is derived here by using Kingery and Bulmash data
Wireless Transmission of Friedlander-type Signals for the Dynamic Measurement of Blast Pressure
International audienceDuring explosive detonation or air blast experiments, long cables are commonly used for transmitting signals delivered by pressure sensors to the safe place of the acquisition unit. While constant efforts are undertaken for enlarging the bandwidth of sensors in order to improve the measurement precision of the peak pressure, the limitations of the wired transmission of blast pressure signals delivered by these sensors are not addressed. We discuss here such limitations and propose a wireless new solution for the dynamic measurement of Friedlanderâtype signals delivered by ultraâwideband sensors (>urn:x-wiley:07213115:media:prep202000163:prep202000163-math-0001 ). Contrary to the wired solution, the distance between the sensor and the acquisition unit does not limit the measurement bandwidth of the wireless setup. Experimental results are reported for validation purposes and pave the way of the dynamic measurement of blast pressure variations occurring at the heart of the fireball generated during explosions
Microwave Transmission of Pressure Sensor Signal Through Explosive Fireballs
International audienceIn this paper, we use microwaves for wirelessly transmitting the pressure signal delivered by sensors placed inside high explosive fireballs. It is demonstrated that the modulation of a microwave carrier frequency by pressure signal may be transmitted through fireballs without significant distortion, spectral filtering and attenuation of pressure signal. For experimental validation purpose, we show that the proposed wireless measurement of the pressure variation inside fireballs is in very good agreement with that obtained from a wired transmission, even if aluminized explosives create fireball