Les rites de sociabilité chez les élites urbaines en France au XIXe siècle

Este artículo trata de hacer un balance historie-gráfico sobre los ritos de sociabilidad de las élites urbanas en la Francia del siglo XIX, así como sugerir nuevos caminos para la investigación, tanto sobre una sociabilidad informal (pero muy ritualizada), en torno al paseo, al ocio, a la acogida social, como sobre una sociabilidad organizada de tipo asociativo (sociedades "savantes", logias masónicas, clubs, etc.)

Les exemples de la Russie et de la Rome Antique

Nous nous proposons d'étudier la chronologie des expansions de l'Empire Russe et de la Rome Antique. Ces expansions se sont déroulées durant plusieurs siècles dans des contrées fort différentes, à des époques également différentes, avant de s'achever par des crises majeures qui ont débouchées dans le premier cas sur la révolution bolchevique de 1917 et dans l'autre par son implosion laissant à Byzance la proéminence parmi les pays méditerranéens. L'histoire de ces conquêtes et l'étude des deux chronologies devraient permettre de caractériser ces extensions territoriales et, en particulier, de montrer que ces évolutions ont un comportement log-périodique déjà mis en évidence dans un grand nombre d'exemples ne concernant pas uniquement les sciences sociales et humaines.Territories of the Russian Empire and of the Roman Empire expanded over a period of several centuries, but independently of the time and of the geographic areas. Their evolution took the form of series of jumps followed by a pause indicating a deceleration mode from a critical time. Such a system could be described by a log-periodic law. This type of behaviour can be observed in the chronology of various phenomena (species evolution of echinoderms, dinosaurs, rodents, equids, primates and hominids; human ontogeny, financial crashes and earthquakes…)

Morphometrics as an Insight Into Processes Beyond Tooth Shape Variation in a Bank Vole Population

Phenotype variation is a key feature in evolution, being produced by development and the target of the screening by selection. We focus here on a variable morphological feature: the third upper molar (UM3) of the bank vole, aiming at identifying the sources of this variation. Size and shape of the UM3 occlusal surface was quantified in successive samples of a bank vole population. The first source of variation was the season of trapping, due to differences in the age structure of the population in turn affecting the wear of the teeth. The second direction of variation corresponded to the occurrence, or not, of an additional triangle on the tooth. This intra-specific variation was attributed to the space available at the posterior end of the UM3, allowing or not the addition of a further triangle.This size variation triggering the shape polymorphism is not controlled by the developmental cascade along the molar row. This suggests that other sources of size variation, possibly epigenetic, might be involved. They would trigger an important shape variation as side-effect by affecting the termination of the sequential addition of triangles on the tooth

New Insight into the Colonization Processes of Common Voles: Inferences from Molecular and Fossil Evidence

Elucidating the colonization processes associated with Quaternary climatic cycles is important in order to understand the distribution of biodiversity and the evolutionary potential of temperate plant and animal species. In Europe, general evolutionary scenarios have been defined from genetic evidence. Recently, these scenarios have been challenged with genetic as well as fossil data. The origins of the modern distributions of most temperate plant and animal species could predate the Last Glacial Maximum. The glacial survival of such populations may have occurred in either southern (Mediterranean regions) and/or northern (Carpathians) refugia. Here, a phylogeographic analysis of a widespread European small mammal (Microtus arvalis) is conducted with a multidisciplinary approach. Genetic, fossil and ecological traits are used to assess the evolutionary history of this vole. Regardless of whether the European distribution of the five previously identified evolutionary lineages is corroborated, this combined analysis brings to light several colonization processes of M. arvalis. The species' dispersal was relatively gradual with glacial survival in small favourable habitats in Western Europe (from Germany to Spain) while in the rest of Europe, because of periglacial conditions, dispersal was less regular with bottleneck events followed by postglacial expansions. Our study demonstrates that the evolutionary history of European temperate small mammals is indeed much more complex than previously suggested. Species can experience heterogeneous evolutionary histories over their geographic range. Multidisciplinary approaches should therefore be preferentially chosen in prospective studies, the better to understand the impact of climatic change on past and present biodiversity

Les hôtels particuliers de Rouen (XVIe-XXe siècles)

International audienc

Le bonapartisme normand: Bernard Ménager, Les Napoléon du peuple.

Chaline Jean-Pierre. Le bonapartisme normand: Bernard Ménager, Les Napoléon du peuple.. In: Annales de Normandie, 38ᵉ année, n°4, 1988. pp. 360-362

École des chartes

Chaline Jean-Pierre. École des chartes. In: Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. 2012, tome 170, livraison 2. pp. 644-652