Reinforcing synthetic data for meticulous survival prediction of patients suffering from left ventricular systolic dysfunction

Congestive heart failure is among leading genesis of concern that requires an immediate medical attention. Among various cardiac disorders, left ventricular systolic dysfunction is one of the well known cardiovascular disease which causes sudden congestive heart failure. The irregular functioning of a heart can be diagnosed through some of the clinical attributes, such as ejection fraction, serum creatinine etcetera. However, due to availability of a limited data related to the death events of patients suffering from left ventricular systolic dysfunction, a critical level of thresholds of clinical attributes can not be estimated with higher precision. Hence, this paper proposes a novel pseudo reinforcement learning algorithm which overcomes a problem of majority class skewness in a limited dataset by appending a synthetic dataset across minority data space. The proposed pseudo agent in the algorithm continuously senses the state of the dataset (pseudo environment) and takes an appropriate action to populate the dataset resulting into higher reward. In addition, the paper also investigates the role of statistically significant clinical attributes such as age, ejection fraction, serum creatinine etc., which tends to efficiently predict the association of death events of the patients suffering from left ventricular systolic dysfunctio

Chickpea

Pulses form a major source of protein, particularly for vegetarian diet, and chickpea ranks among the leading legumes in this regard. Albeit considerable efforts at national and international levels, productivity of the chickpea crop has been stagnated for long due to the major biotic and abiotic constraints caused by Ascochyta blight, Fusarium wilt, pod borer, drought, and cold. Though many wild annual Cicer species possess a wealth of agronomically desirable donor genes, particularly those conferring resistance to stresses, they are sexually incompatible with the cultivated species. Transgenic approach is, therefore, a potential alternative means for incorporation of desirable alien genes into chickpea. This chapter highlights various dimensions of the international efforts in producing transgenic chickpea and provides a comprehensive perspective of strategies and achievements. Development of transgenic chickpea includes different aspects such as locating genes for particular traits from available chickpea germplasm, their isolation, making suitable constructs to transfer into chickpea through modifying them by adding marker gene, promoter sequence, and termination sequence for their effective expression, and finally transformation followed by an efficient regeneration protocol. This technology will have a very important role in developing newer varieties of chickpea with desired traits such as insect resistance, disease resistance, and drought/cold resistance

Robust data-driven neuro-adaptive observers with Lipschitz activation functions

International audienceWhile the use of neural networks for learning has gained traction in control and system identification problems, their use in data-driven estimator design is not as prevalent. Prior art on neuro-adaptive observers limit the type of activation functions to radial basis function networks and provide conservative bounds on the resulting observer estimation error because they leverage boundedness of the activation functions rather than exploiting their underlying structure. This paper proposes the use of Lipschitz activation functions in the neuro-adaptive observer: utilizing the Lipschitz constants of these activations simplifies the data-driven observer design procedure via recently discovered LMI conditions. Furthermore, in spite of measurement noise and approximation error, pre-computable robust stability guarantees are provided on the resulting state estimation error

Post-assembly Functionalization of Organoplatinum(II) Metallacycles via Copper-free Click Chemistry

We describe the use of a strain-promoted copper-free click reaction in the post-self-assembly functionalization of organoplatinum­(II) metallacycles. The coordination-driven self-assembly of a 120° cyclooctyne-tethered dipyridyl donor with 60° and 120° di-Pt­(II) acceptors forms molecular rhomboids and hexagons bearing cyclooctynes. These species undergo post-self-assembly [3+2] Huisgen cycloaddition with a variety of azides to give functionalized ensembles under mild conditions

Dual role of azide in the formation of a 3D coordination polymer containing bridging 5-pyrimidinecarboxylate

A new 3D framework $[Mn_4{(5-pmc)}_4(1,1-N_3)_4]_n$ (1) composed of a rare $Mn^{II}_4$ square as the repeating secondary building unit, representing the first coordination polymer of 5-pyrimidinecarboxylate (5-pmc) has been successfully synthesized and characterized by X-ray single crystal structure analysis

Novel 3-dimensional sixfold interpenetrating diamondoid networks of copper(I) coordination polymers of polypyridyl ligands - Syntheses,characterization and crystal structures

Two new coordination polymers [Cu(L-1)(2)](n)(ClO4)(n)center dot 2nH(2)O (1), [Cu(L-2)(2)](n)(ClO4)(n)center dot 2nH(2)O (2) of polydentate imine/pyridyl ligands, L-1 and L-2 with Cu(I) ion have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies, elemental analyses, IR' UV-vis and NMR spectroscopy. They represent 3-dimensional, sixfold interpenetrating diamondoid network structures having large pores of dimension, 35 x 21 angstrom(2) in 1 and 38 x 19 angstrom(2) in 2, respectively

Design, Synthesis, and Characterizations of a Series of Pt-4 Macrocycle and Fluorescent Sensing of Fe3+/Cu2+/Ni2+ Through Metal Coordination

A PtII 2 organometallic “clip” (1a) containing ethynyl functionality is synthesized. Multinuclear NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry characterized this “clip”, and the molecular structure was determined in an X-ray single-crystal diffraction study. A series of discrete molecular rectangles (2a-d) have been synthesized from this “clip” in combination with dipyridyl-based linear linkers (L1-4) by a metal-ligand coordination driven self-assembly approach [where L1 ) 4,4′-bipyridine, L2 ) trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene, L3 ) N-(4-pyridyl)isonicotinamide,and L4 ) N,N′-bis(4-pyridylidene)ethylenediamine]. Rectangle 2d was designed using the imine-based ligand L4 to make it a system composed of a fluorophore-receptor-fluorophore combination. The imine N4 pocket is the receptor site, while the anthracene-based “clip” is the fluorophore. Complex 2d is fluorescent in nature and showed fluorescence quenching in solution upon the binding of hard transition metal ions (Fe3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mn2+) into the N4 pocket. The nonresponsive nature of the fluorescence intensity upon the addition of soft metal ions (Zn2+ and Cd2+) having d10 configuration makes it a suitable sensor for transition metal ions. The fluorescence intensity of the Ni2+ bound complex was regained when the metal was removed by a stronger chelating 2,2′-dipyridyl ligand

Unusual Hydrogenation of Fumarate Anion Followed by Metal−Carbon Bond Formation: Synthesis and Characterization of Two Metallochelates

The treatment of [M(dppf)(H2O)2](OTf)2 (dppf =1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; M = Pd, Pt) with 1 equiv of disodium fumarate in methanol medium showed an unusual hydrogenation of the ethylenic bond followed by the formation of metallochelates linking M through one of the carboxylates and the β-carbon with respect to COO−. Despite the possibility of formation of a [2 + 2] or [4 + 4] self-assembled macrocycle, the reduction of fumarate to succinate, and in particular the linking through the β-carbon, is unique since a similar treatment using disodium succinate instead of disodium fumarate yielded an expected metallochelate where both the carboxylates were coordinated to the square-planar metal