Spatial variation of coda wave attenuation in the Southern Indian Shield and its implications

During the recent past the Indian peninsular shield has experienced six damaging earthquakes of M 5.4-7.7 and compelled to readdress our understanding of the seismic attenuation characteristics for better evaluation of the seismic hazards in the so-called stable shield. We have performed the seismic attenuation study using coda waves of the broadband network from 1995 to 2009 for the shield region. About 400 local earthquakes M 2.5-4.0 within an epicentral distance of 250km are used in this study. The broadband seismic stations established are in different geological provinces, such as the Archaean Dharwar craton, the southern granulite terrain, the Proterozoic Cuddapah basin, the Godavari graben, the Cretaceous-Eocene Deccan volcanic province and in the Cambay basin. This allows us to understand the fluctuation of Q0 in terms of spatial variations in the geologic and tectonic provinces. The results reflect a ubiquitous observation of frequency dependence of Qc in the different geologic provinces. The rift basins exhibit lower Q0, which suggests higher attenuation due to a more heterogeneous structure. Higher Q0 in the western Dharwar craton infers lower attenuation. Similarly the Deccan volcanic province is characterized by significantly higher Q0. The results show a good correlation with the observed heat flow. The study fills an important gap in knowledge about the Q factor as well as of crustal attenuation conditions in the whole southern peninsular shield of India

A Historiometric Examination of Machiavellianism and a New Taxonomy of Leadership

Although researchers have extensively examined the relationship between charismatic leadership and Machiavellianism (Deluga, 2001; Gardner & Avolio, 1995; House & Howell, 1992), there has been a lack of investigation of Machiavellianism in relation to alternative forms of outstanding leadership. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between Machiavellianism and a new taxonomy of outstanding leadership comprised of charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leaders. Using an historiometric approach, raters assessed Machiavellianism via the communications of 120 outstanding leaders in organizations across the domains of business, political, military, and religious institutions. Academic biographies were used to assess twelve general performance measures as well as twelve general controls and five communication specific controls. The results indicated that differing levels of Machiavellianism is evidenced across the differing leader types as well as differing leader orientation. Additionally, Machiavellianism appears negatively related to performance, though less so when type and orientation are taken into account.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Special variation of coda wave attenuation in the Southern Indian Shield and its implications

Seamounts represent crust-mantle activities and are areas of petrological deviations, biodiversity, seismicity and hydrothermal events. An estimated ~50 million tons/year of basalts are required to produce seamounts suggesting intense oceanic volcanism. Seamounts either occur as chains perpendicular to the ridge or as isolated entities or in clusters. Seamounts may host basalts, hyaloclastites, gabbros and serpentinites and these variants perhaps evolve from multiple melting domains as a consequence of large-scale thermal structure and mantle lithology. Nonhotspot seamounts on a young, thin and hot lithosphere host tholeiites whereas the plume related ones on thick, older lithosphere may be either tholeiitic or alkaline. Seamounts may bear hydrothermal deposits (Fe, Mn, Co) rare metals and phosphorites. The resistance of seamounts to subduction could trigger slides; while shearing of seamounts buried in subduction zones leads to seismicity, both of which could cause tsunamis. Seamounts greatly affect the circulation patterns and currents, which in turn influence the surrounding biota. We review here the seamounts in terms of discovery, characteristics, distribution and their influence on the marine environment

Agricultural Growth and Structural Changes in the Punjab Economy: An Input-output Analysis

This research report is part of IFPRI's continuous efforts to understand the relationship between technological change in agriculture and overall economic growth that expands employment and income opportunities for the poor in developing countries. The research is a collaborative effort with the Centre for the Study of Regional Development at Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi. The study documents and analyzes the structural changes that have occurred in the Punjab economy since the green revolution of the mid-1960s. With two input-output tables—one for 1969/70 and the other for 1979/80—the authors have traced the sources of structural changes and examined the changes in the intersectoral linkages and the quantum of indirect and induced income and employment generated by different sectors. Thus the study provides information and critical understanding required to develop programs that enhance the sectoral income and employment multipliers. The study highlights changes in the relative importance of the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors in the economy of Punjab in the wake of improvements in agricultural production technology. It also brings out significant structural changes within these sectors. For instance, within the primary sector, the relative share of crop production has declined, whereas that of animal husbandry has increased. Similarly, within manufacturing a notable change has been the emergence of machine- and metal-based industries. These changes are reflected in the operation of the economy at a higher technological level and in the increased labor productivity in most sectors. Pointing to the large public investment in rural infrastructure that both preceded and followed the introduction of the new agricultural technology, the authors conclude that while the primary importance of agricultural development cannot be denied, its success is by no means independent of other factors. It is notable that the agricultural breakthroughs in Punjab stimulated growth in other sectors of the economy, but not as much as had resulted from similar breakthroughs in other regions or countries, perhaps because of the large net outflow of capital from Punjab. This observation raises important issues on the role of further agricultural growth as well as the problem of interregional disparities and how best to deal with them

Molecular design and chemical synthesis of potent enediynes. 1. Dynemicin model systems equipped with N-tethered triggering devices

In this article the molecular design and chemical synthesis of a series of enediynes (12-19, Chart I) related to the dynemicin A structure and carrying N-tethered triggering devices are described. The design envisioned the [(arylsulfonyl)ethoxy]carbonyl group attached at the nitrogen atom as a triggering device for the Bergman cycloaromatization reaction because of its ability to undergo β-elimination under basic conditions, liberating the labile free amine intermediate. A number of tethering groups on the aromatic ring were also installed in these systems for future incorporation of other desirable moieties such as delivery systems and solubility enhancers. The chemical synthesis of the designed systems proceeded from the corresponding quinoline intermediates 46, 49, and 52 (Scheme VII) through acetylide additions to quinoline (intermolecular) and carbonyl (intramolecular) functionalities as the key steps. Bergman cycloaromatization experiments under basic and acidic conditions demonstrated the abilities of these compounds to generate benzenoid diradicals. A number of potent DNA-cleaving compounds and cytotoxic agents emerged from these studies