109 research outputs found
Attributes and Implications of Gender Discriminations in Women’s Education in a Rural Area of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu: the Findings of Focus Group Discussions
India is a fast-growing economy and the scientific and technical advancements in the county have tremendously improved. But when we look at the state of women in our country, we are very backward and women are subjected to severe gender discriminations. This is evident from our falling sex ratio, gender gap in education, employment, health status and the high rates of violence against women. There are many reasons for this unfortunate status of women in our country. Our social norms, cultural beliefs and the patriarchal mindset have made women vulnerable and deprived of freedom and wellbeing
Lectures on Supersymmetry Breaking
We review the subject of spontaneous supersymmetry breaking. First we
consider supersymmetry breaking in a semiclassical theory. We illustrate it
with several examples, demonstrating different phenomena, including metastable
supersymmetry breaking. Then we give a brief review of the dynamics of
supersymmetric gauge theories. Finally, we use this dynamics to present various
mechanisms for dynamical supersymmetry breaking. These notes are based on
lectures given by the authors in 2007, at various schools.Comment: 47 pages. v2: minor correction
The Two Faces of Anomaly Mediation
Anomaly mediation is a ubiquitous source of supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking
which appears in almost every theory of supergravity. In this paper, we show
that anomaly mediation really consists of two physically distinct phenomena,
which we dub "gravitino mediation" and "Kahler mediation". Gravitino mediation
arises from minimally uplifting SUSY anti-de Sitter (AdS) space to Minkowski
space, generating soft masses proportional to the gravitino mass. Kahler
mediation arises when visible sector fields have linear couplings to SUSY
breaking in the Kahler potential, generating soft masses proportional to beta
function coefficients. In the literature, these two phenomena are lumped
together under the name "anomaly mediation", but here we demonstrate that they
can be physically disentangled by measuring associated couplings to the
goldstino. In particular, we use the example of gaugino soft masses to show
that gravitino mediation generates soft masses without corresponding goldstino
couplings. This result naively violates the goldstino equivalence theorem but
is in fact necessary for supercurrent conservation in AdS space. Since
gravitino mediation persists even when the visible sector is sequestered from
SUSY breaking, we can use the absence of goldstino couplings as an unambiguous
definition of sequestering.Comment: 21 pages, 1 table; v2, references added, extended discussion in
introduction and appendix; v3, JHEP versio
Supersymmetry Without Prejudice at the LHC
The discovery and exploration of Supersymmetry in a model-independent fashion
will be a daunting task due to the large number of soft-breaking parameters in
the MSSM. In this paper, we explore the capability of the ATLAS detector at the
LHC ( TeV, 1 fb) to find SUSY within the 19-dimensional
pMSSM subspace of the MSSM using their standard transverse missing energy and
long-lived particle searches that were essentially designed for mSUGRA. To this
end, we employ a set of k previously generated model points in the
19-dimensional parameter space that satisfy all of the existing experimental
and theoretical constraints. Employing ATLAS-generated SM backgrounds and
following their approach in each of 11 missing energy analyses as closely as
possible, we explore all of these k model points for a possible SUSY
signal. To test our analysis procedure, we first verify that we faithfully
reproduce the published ATLAS results for the signal distributions for their
benchmark mSUGRA model points. We then show that, requiring all sparticle
masses to lie below 1(3) TeV, almost all(two-thirds) of the pMSSM model points
are discovered with a significance in at least one of these 11 analyses
assuming a 50\% systematic error on the SM background. If this systematic error
can be reduced to only 20\% then this parameter space coverage is increased.
These results are indicative that the ATLAS SUSY search strategy is robust
under a broad class of Supersymmetric models. We then explore in detail the
properties of the kinematically accessible model points which remain
unobservable by these search analyses in order to ascertain problematic cases
which may arise in general SUSY searches.Comment: 69 pages, 40 figures, Discussion adde
Kinetically-Enhanced Anomaly Mediation
We investigate a modification of anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking
(AMSB) with an exotic U(1)_x gauge sector that can solve the tachyonic slepton
problem of minimal AMSB scenarios. The new U(1)_x multiplet is assumed to
couple directly to the source of supersymmetry breaking, but only indirectly to
the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) through kinetic mixing with
hypercharge. If the MSSM sector is also sequestered from the source of
supersymmetry breaking, the contributions to the MSSM soft terms come from both
AMSB and the U(1)_x kinetic coupling. We find that this arrangement can give
rise to a flavour-universal, phenomenologically viable, and distinctive
spectrum of MSSM superpartners. We also investigate the prospects for discovery
and the most likely signatures of this scenario at the Large Hadron Collider
(LHC).Comment: 29 pages, 10 figures; Added references, corrected ctau plot in Fig.
4, same general conclusion
Transplantation of Photoreceptor and Total Neural Retina Preserves Cone Function in P23H Rhodopsin Transgenic Rat
Background: Transplantation as a therapeutic strategy for inherited retinal degeneration has been historically viewed to restore vision as a method by replacing the lost retinal cells and attempting to reconstruct the neural circuitry with stem cells, progenitor cells and mature neural retinal cells. Methods and Findings: We present evidence for an alternative strategy aimed at preventing the secondary loss of cones, the most crucial photoreceptors for vision, by transplanting normal photoreceptors cells into the eye of the P23H rat, a model of dominant retinitis pigmentosa. We carried out transplantation of photoreceptors or total neural retina in 3-monthold P23H rats and evaluated the function and cell counts 6 months after surgery. In both groups, cone loss was significantly reduced (10%) in the transplanted eyes where the cone outer segments were found to be considerably longer. This morphological effect correlated with maintenance of the visual function of cones as scored by photopic ERG recording, but more precisely with an increase in the photopic b-wave amplitudes by 100 % and 78 % for photoreceptor transplantation and whole retinal transplantation respectively. Conclusions: We demonstrate here that the transplanted tissue prevents the loss of cone function, which is furthe
A bibliography of parasites and diseases of marine and freshwater fishes of India
With the increasing demand for fish as human food, aquaculture both in freshwater
and salt water is rapidly developing over the world. In the developing countries,
fishes are being raised as food. In many countries fish farming is a very important
economic activity. The most recent branch, mariculture, has shown advances in
raising fishes in brackish, estuarine and bay waters, in which marine, anadromous and
catadromous fishes have successfully been grown and maintained
Vegetation type is an important predictor of the arctic summer land surface energy budget
Despite the importance of high-latitude surface energy budgets (SEBs) for land-climate interactions in the rapidly changing Arctic, uncertainties in their prediction persist. Here, we harmonize SEB observations across a network of vegetated and glaciated sites at circumpolar scale (1994-2021). Our variance-partitioning analysis identifies vegetation type as an important predictor for SEB-components during Arctic summer (June-August), compared to other SEB-drivers including climate, latitude and permafrost characteristics. Differences among vegetation types can be of similar magnitude as between vegetation and glacier surfaces and are especially high for summer sensible and latent heat fluxes. The timing of SEB-flux summer-regimes (when daily mean values exceed 0 Wm(-2)) relative to snow-free and -onset dates varies substantially depending on vegetation type, implying vegetation controls on snow-cover and SEB-flux seasonality. Our results indicate complex shifts in surface energy fluxes with land-cover transitions and a lengthening summer season, and highlight the potential for improving future Earth system models via a refined representation of Arctic vegetation types.An international team of researchers finds high potential for improving climate projections by a more comprehensive treatment of largely ignored Arctic vegetation types, underscoring the importance of Arctic energy exchange measuring stations.Peer reviewe
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