Competencias en investigación: un reto en la formación tecnológica y proyección de la responsabilidad social universitaria

La enseñanza sobre los avances de la denominada revolución tecnológica promovida desde la formación universitaria, se plantea como una acción que promueve el crecimiento cuantitativo de la investigación, la innovación y el emprendimiento. Es por ello, que se determinan las competencias en investigación como un reto en la formación tecnológica y proyección de la responsabilidad social universitaria. El estudio se basó en una investigación analítica documental, diseño no experimental. Para la muestra se seleccionaron cinco universidades públicas de Colombia, México, Chile, Argentina y Brasil. Las unidades de análisis fueron los programas académicos de las carreras: ciencias sociales, humanísticas y científico-técnicas. Mediante reflexiones teóricas y matrices de cotejo, se determinó que el 75%, de las unidades de análisis, prevalece un escaso o nulo grado de adopción de técnicas metodológicas o didácticas en los contenidos programáticos, que contribuyan a consolidar competencias investigativas en la formación tecnológica. A su vez, la adopción de las tecnologías, se representa mediante el diseño de programas en línea soportados bajo plataformas b-learnig. Aspectos concluyentes, conllevan a fortalecer las iniciativas que afiancen la formación integral desde lo cognitivo, procedimental y humano, para la generación de conocimientos que proyecten desarrollos tecnológicos fundamentados en métodos científicos y procesos sistemáticos que impulsen la innovación y el emprendimiento tecnológico. Se prevé el fortalecimiento de la formación de profesionales capaces de enfrentar los escenarios organizacionales mediados por las tecnologías que se transforman en contextos emergentes y de orden global.Primera edició

Medical imaging: Foundations and scope

Indexación: Scopus; Radalyc.En la actualidad es innegable la utilidad de las diversas modalidades de imagenología médica como apoyo clínico tanto en la generación de diagnósticos de un buen número de enfermedades como en la planeación de tratamientos tendientes a proporcionar una alternativa de solución a las personas que, por una u otra razón, manifiestan algún desequilibrio en su salud. Entre las modalidades imagenológicas que, frecuentemente, se utilizan en el ámbito médico se pueden mencionar: Ultrasonido (US), Resonancia Magnética (MRI), Tomografía Computarizada sencilla (CT) y multicapa (MSCT), Tomografía Computarizada por Emisión de Positrones (PET) y Tomografía Computarizada por Emisión de Fotones simples (SPECT). En este sentido, este artículo tiene como finalidad presentar una descripción ordenada, coherente y sistemática de cada una de las mencionadas modalidades y establecer la vinculación de la MSCT con situaciones clínicas íntimamente relacionadas con la anatomía cardiaca y procesos de hipertensión. La razón por la cual se hace énfasis en la MSCT es debido a que, por una parte, se cuenta con un número importante de bases de datos tanto de sujetos fisiológicos como de sujetos patológicos y, por la otra, que se tiene previsto presentar un conjunto de técnicas computacionales que serán exploradas en el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones en el contexto de aspectos anatómico-cardiológicos que influyen directa o indirectamente en la aparición, desarrollo y prevalencia de procesos hipertensivos.Nowdays, several forms of medical imaging are usefulness in clinical support for both diagnostics diseases generation and treatment planning designed to provide an alternative solution to people who, for one or another reason, manifest an imbalance in your health. Among the imaging modalities that frequently are used in the medical field may include: Ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), simple computed tomography (CT) and multilayer computed tomography (MSCT), CT positron emission tomography (PET) Computed tomography and single photon emission (SPECT). In this sense, this article presents an orderly, coherent and systematic description of these modalities and it establishes relationship with the MSCT modality and clinical situations closely related to cardiac anatomy and hypertension processes. The reason emphasis on MSCT is done is because, on the one hand, we have a large number of databases both physiological subjects and pathological subjects and, on the other, we plan to present a set of computational techniques that will be explored in future research, in the context of cardiologic anatomical aspects, with directly or indirectly influence in the emergence, development and prevalence of hypertensive processes.http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=5594990700

Anthroponotic transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum predominates in countries with poorer sanitation - a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Globally cryptosporidiosis is one of the commonest causes of mortality in children under 24 months old and may be associated with important longterm health effects. Whilst most strains of Cryptosporidium parvum are zoonotic, C. parvum IIc is almost certainly anthroponotic. The global distribution of this potentially important emerging infection is not clear. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of papers identifying the subtype distribution of C. parvum infections globally. We searched PubMed and Scopus using the following key terms Cryptospor* AND parvum AND (genotyp* OR subtyp* OR gp60). Studies were eligible for inclusion if they had found C. parvum within their human study population and had subtyped some or all of these samples using standard gp60 subtyping. Pooled analyses of the proportion of strains being of the IIc subtype were determined using StatsDirect. Meta-regression analyses were run to determine any association between the relative prevalence of IIc and Gross Domestic Product, proportion of the population with access to improved drinking water and improved sanitation. Results: From an initial 843 studies, 85 were included in further analysis. Cryptosporidium parvum IIc was found in 43 of these 85 studies. Across all studies the pooled estimate of relative prevalence of IIc was 19.0% (95% CI: 12.9–25.9%), but there was substantial heterogeneity. In a meta-regression analysis, the relative proportion of all C. parvum infections being IIc decreased as the percentage of the population with access to improved sanitation increased and was some 3.4 times higher in those studies focussing on HIV-positive indivduals. Conclusions: The anthroponotic C. parvum IIc predominates primarily in lower-income countries with poor sanitation and in HIV-positive individuals. Given the apparent enhanced post-infectious virulence of the other main anthroponotic species of Cryptosporidium (C. hominis), it is important to learn about the impact of this subtype on human health

Anthroponotic transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum predominates in countries with poorer sanitation - a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Globally cryptosporidiosis is one of the commonest causes of mortality in children under 24 months old and may be associated with important longterm health effects. Whilst most strains of Cryptosporidium parvum are zoonotic, C. parvum IIc is almost certainly anthroponotic. The global distribution of this potentially important emerging infection is not clear. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of papers identifying the subtype distribution of C. parvum infections globally. We searched PubMed and Scopus using the following key terms Cryptospor* AND parvum AND (genotyp* OR subtyp* OR gp60). Studies were eligible for inclusion if they had found C. parvum within their human study population and had subtyped some or all of these samples using standard gp60 subtyping. Pooled analyses of the proportion of strains being of the IIc subtype were determined using StatsDirect. Meta-regression analyses were run to determine any association between the relative prevalence of IIc and Gross Domestic Product, proportion of the population with access to improved drinking water and improved sanitation. Results: From an initial 843 studies, 85 were included in further analysis. Cryptosporidium parvum IIc was found in 43 of these 85 studies. Across all studies the pooled estimate of relative prevalence of IIc was 19.0% (95% CI: 12.9–25.9%), but there was substantial heterogeneity. In a meta-regression analysis, the relative proportion of all C. parvum infections being IIc decreased as the percentage of the population with access to improved sanitation increased and was some 3.4 times higher in those studies focussing on HIV-positive indivduals. Conclusions: The anthroponotic C. parvum IIc predominates primarily in lower-income countries with poor sanitation and in HIV-positive individuals. Given the apparent enhanced post-infectious virulence of the other main anthroponotic species of Cryptosporidium (C. hominis), it is important to learn about the impact of this subtype on human health

Does access to free health insurance crowd-out private transfers? Evidence from Mexico’s Seguro Popular

This study examines whether Seguro Popular, a free-of-charge publicly provided health insurance program for otherwise uninsured households, crowded-out private transfers in Mexico. Using data from the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey, the effects of Seguro Popular are identified using the spatial variation in the program's coverage induced by its sequential roll-out throughout Mexico. The results show that Seguro Popular reduced on average a household's probability of receiving private transfers by 5.55 % points. This finding appears to be driven by domestic private transfers, since the program's effects are only statistically significant for private transfers originating within Mexico. In addition, Seguro Popular had a weak and not statistically significant negative effect on the amount of private transfers received. Failure to take into account possible changes in private behaviour induced by Seguro Popular may overstate the program's potential benefits or distributional impacts

Servicios virtuales de información

The high information demand and the need to socialize knowledge that is generated at Universidad del Zulia, sustain the goal of this article, where the exigencies to cover the requirements of a society in constant transformation, demands competitive services framed in interactive, accessible and effective processes, through the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). In this research, we considered the analysis of documentary sources, as well as the statistical treatment of data compiled through surveys directed to the users of information services ascribed to the System of Archives and Information (SAILUZ) and Library and Information Services (SERBILUZ), with the purpose of knowing the degree of familiarity that they have with the use of ICTs. The results prove that the virtual information services are strategic supports for the projection of academic university academic administrative information. As a conclusion, we state that the strengths and strategies orientated towards the development of information systems, web sites and the strengthening of information networks are constituted in support components for the consolidation and efficiency of virtual services.La elevada demanda de información y la necesidad de socializar el conocimiento que se genera en la Universidad del Zulia, fundamentan el objetivo del presente estudio, donde las exigencias para cubrir de forma oportuna los requerimientos de una sociedad en constante transformación, exige de servicios competitivos enmarcados en procesos interactivos, accesibles y efectivos; mediante el uso de las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC). En la investigación, se consideró el análisis de fuentes documentales; así como, el tratamiento estadístico de datos compilados a través de encuestas dirigidas a los usuarios de los servicios de información adscritos al Sistema de Archivo e Información (SAILUZ) y a los Servicios Bibliotecarios y de Información (SERBILUZ) con el fin de conocer el grado de familiaridad que ellos tienen con el uso de TICs. Los resultados, demuestran que los servicios de información virtuales son soportes estratégicos para la proyección de la información académica administrativa universitaria. Se concluye, que las fortalezas y estrategias orientadas a los desarrollos de sistemas de información, sitios web y el fortalecimiento de las redes de información universitarias se constituyen en los componentes de soporte para la consolidación y eficiencia de los servicios virtuales