Measurement of residual stress in round bars quenched after heating by induction

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Half-times of calcein influx to the coral calcifying medium under conditions of seawater acidification and temperature variation

Half-time of calcein influx was measured in the coral Stylophora pistillata as a method to investigate paracellular transport. pH was also measured in the extracellular calcifying medium (pHECM) and in the calcifying cells (pHi). The measurements were made at the Centre Scientifique de Monaco between 2016 and 2019. Measurements were made using fluorescent dyes calcein and SNARF-1 using a confocal microscope

Seawater carbonate chemistry and half-time of calcein influx in the coral Stylophora pistillata

Coral calcification relies on the transport of ions and molecules to the extracellular calcifying medium (ECM). Little is known about paracellular transport (via intercellular junctions) in corals and other marine calcifiers. Here, we investigated whether the permeability of the paracellular pathway varied in different environmental conditions in the coral Stylophora pistillata. Using the fluorescent dye calcein, we characterised the dynamics of calcein influx from seawater to the ECM and showed that increases in paracellular permeability (leakiness) induced by hyperosmotic treatment could be detected by changes in calcein influx rates. We then used the calcein-imaging approach to investigate the effects of two environmental stressors on paracellular permeability: seawater acidification and temperature change. Under conditions of seawater acidification (pH 7.2) known to depress pH in the ECM and the calcifying cells of S. pistillata, we observed a decrease in half-times of calcein influx, indicating increased paracellular permeability. By contrast, high temperature (31°C) had no effect, whereas low temperature (20°C) caused decreases in paracellular permeability. Overall, our study establishes an approach to conduct further in vivo investigation of paracellular transport and suggests that changes in paracellular permeability could form an uncharacterised aspect of the physiological response of S. pistillata to seawater acidification

Time lapse of increasing calcein fluorescence in the extracellular calcifying medium of the coral Stylophora pistillata following addition of calcein to seawater

Half-time of calcein influx was measured in the coral Stylophora pistillata as a method to investigate paracellular transport. To calculate half-life of calcein influx, time lapses of calcein influx into the extracellular calcifying medium was captured using confocal microscopy. The time lapse data set associated with figure 2 was recorded at 25 degrees in a seawater pH of 8. The study was carried on microcolonies of S. pistillata on glass coverslips. The study was conducted the Centre Scientifque de Monaco between 2016 and 2019

Analysis of energy access and impact of modern energy sources in unelectrified villages in Uttar Pradesh

Bringingaccesstomodernenergysourcestothepoorestinsocietyisakeygoalofmanypolicymakers,businesses andcharities,butinorder tobea success projects and schemesmust be foundedonaccuratedata. We undertook a survey of energy demand and usage patterns in households in unelectri fi ed villages in Uttar Pradesh, India to assess access to and utilisation of energy sources for lighting and cooking. The times of usage were recorded and analysed and the effect on usage patterns of transitioning from traditional to modern energy sources is assessed. We quantify the cost and greenhouse gas emissions of current energy use in order to provide a benchmark of potential mitigation through the use of renewable energy technologies: a typical household with kerosene lamps only for lighting spends INR 3243 (US$50.67) and emits 381 kgCO 2eq per year; households withmoderncookingenergyspend17%morethroughincreasedusage,butemit28%lessgreenhousegasescom- pared to those with traditional stoves only. Cell phone ownership was found to be 50% amongst adults. We use demographic and utilisation data to construct an hourly demand pro fi le of basic electricity demand extrapolated to each month of the year, and present an example of aspirational demand assess the impact of desirable appli- ances. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to highlight the daily and seasonal variation in total energy and power demand. A hybrid system, with solar power and battery storage meeting daytime demand and higher-capacity diesel- or biomass-powered generation meeting the remainder during evening peaks and winter months, would satisfy demand most effectively

Measurement of residual stresses on pins quenched after induction heating

8.00; translated from Trait. Therm. (1978) (no.124) p. 61-67, Rev. Metall. (Paris) (1978) v. 75(9) p. 233-239SIGLELD:9022.06(BISI--19060) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Quantification of physiological colour changes in common cuttlefish skin explants as innovative endpoint for contaminant risk assessment

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