Aneuploidy Rate, DNA Fragmentation, Tubulin and Centrin Content in Different Groups of Male Infertility

In this study, we aimed to compare DNA fragmentation ratios, centrosomal protein concentrations (centrin and tubulin) and numerical chromosomal abnormalities between four groups including asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, oligoasthenozoospermia and normozoospermia patients, and to emphasize the necessity of investigating genetic and protein content of the spermatozoa also in patients with a semen analysis within normal reference range. Evaluation of semen analysis of the patients was performed based on WHO 2010 criteria. As a result of the statistical analysis, it was observed that the sperm DNA fragmentation rate in the normozoospermia group (6.50 ± 3.46%) was significantly lower than those in the teratozoospermia (19.69 ± 9.86%) and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia group (32.47± 14.13%) (p<0.001). For centrin and tubulin proteins, highest concentrations were observed in normozospermia group (p<0.05). When incidence of numerical abnormalities were compared between four groups, it was found that there were statistically significant differences between groups in terms of nullisomies X, Y and 13, and  21 (p<0.05). In conclusion, we suggest that abnormalities in semen parameters seem to be associated with chromosomal abnormalities; and sperm aneuploidy rate is also at a considerable level even in normozoospermic patients. Keywords: DNA fragmentation, teratozoospermia, centrin, tubulin DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/68-04 Publication date:September 30th 2020

Use of microvascular coupler in head and neck reconstruction with free flaps: our clinical experience

AMAÇ: Mikrovasküler anastomoz serbest doku aktarımı ve replantasyon operasyonlarının temel basamağını teşkil eder. Mikrovasküler ven anastomozu, arter anastomozuna göre teknik olarak zordur. Basit sütürle uygulanan geleneksel mikrovasküler anastomoz iyi bilinen ve başarılı bir tekniktir. Bununla birlikte zaman alıcıdır ve uygulaması üst düzey cerrahi deneyim gerektir. Serbest flep operasyonlarının en önemli major başarısızlık nedeni halen erken ve geç venöz tromboz oluşumudur. Mikrovasküler birleştiriciler 10 yılı aşkın süredir özellikle venöz anastomozlarda klinik kullanımdadır. Ancak özellikle son dönemlerde mikrocerrahlar arasında mikrovasküler birleştirici kullanımı popülerlik kazanmıştır. GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM: Bu çalışmada ven anastomozunu kolaylaştırmak amacıyla, kliniğimizde mikrovasküler birleştirici kullanım deneyimlerimiz sunulmuştur. Tekniğin detayları tarif edilmiştir. Sonuçlar ve postoperatif komplikasyon oranları değerlendirilmiş ve tekniğin avantaj ve dezavantajları tartışılmıştır. BULGULAR: Kliniğimizde 2013-2014 yılları arasında opere edilmiş 9 hastada, toplam 12 adet anastomozda 2, 2,5 ve 3 mm çaplı birleştiriciler kullanılmıştır. Postoperatif dönemde hiçbir hastada venöz tromboz gelişmemiştir. Bir hastada arteriyel tromboza bağlı total flep kaybı gelişmiştir. SONUÇ: Mikrovasküler birleştirici, serbest flep operasyonlarında venöz anastomozlarda kullanımı kolay, sonuçları başarılı ve gelecekte çok daha sıklıkla kullanılacağını düşündüğümüz bir aparattır.Microvascular venous anastomosis is technically more challenging than arterial anastomosis. The traditional simple hand sewn anastomosis is a well known and successfully technique but it is time consuming and much surgical experience is needed for successfully outcomes. Still today the most important major flap failure reason is venous thrombosis. Microvascular couplers which are use generally for venous anastomosis have been used more than a decade but recently couplers gained more popularity among microsurgeons. MATERIALS and METHODS: In this study, we present our experience with microvascular coupler usage to facialite venous anostomosis in frre flap surgery. We describe the details of the technique. Results, post operative complication rates and advantages and disadvantages of couplers are discussed. RESULTS: 2, 2,5 and 3 mm diameter 12 microvascular couplers were used in nine patients between 2013and 2014. No venous anaostomosis occurred in the post operative period. One total flap failure occured due to arterial thrombosis. CONCLUSION: Microvascular couplers are useful tools that are used in venous anastomosis in free flap operations which are easy to use, have high success rates and we believe that in the future they will be used much more frequently

Retrospective analysis of 63 mandible cases who have been operated three years

PURPOSE: Maxillofacial fractures, especially fractures of the mandible, are common among the trauma patients admitted to the emergency department. MATERIALS and METHODS: Sixty- three patients admitting to our emergency department or outpatient clinic between January 2008 and December 2011 with a diagnosis of mandible fracture who have been surgically treated have been included in our study. Records of these patients have been retrospectively analyzed regarding gender, age, etiology, and anatomic location of the fracture. RESULTS: A total of 74 fractures (1.17 fractures per patient) were detected in 63 patients. Female/male ratio was approximately 1/4. The mean age of the patients was 28.4. Etiology of the trauma was traffic accidents in 51% and interpersonal violence in 28%. Most commonly fractured anatomic sites were symphyseal (56%) and corpus regions (22%). CONCLUSION: Maxillofacial fractures are common among patients with maxillofacial or generalized body trauma in the emergency settings. Due to the tendency towards interpersonal violence and to longer time spent in traffic, most of these patients are male at the third decade of life. Traffic accidents and violence are the most common etiological factors for these fractures; however, number of the trauma patients due to traffic accidents is clearly declining due to more frequent controls in traffic regulations

The therapeutic effect of ALT-711 on erectile function in rats treated with high-level AGEs (advanced glycation end products) containing diet

To investigate, if advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are involved in erectile dysfunction (ED) and also ALT-711, a cross-link breaker of AGEs, has the therapeutic potential against the development of ED in rats treated with high concentrated AGEs including food. For this purpose, 30 male Harlan Spraque-Dawley rats randomly were divided into three groups; (1) control rats treated with regular diet, (2) rats treated with high-level of AGE specific diet for 6 months, and (3) rats having AGE-diet treated with ALT-711 for the final 3 months of 6 months of AGE-diet period. Erectile response to cavernosal nerve stimulation (CNS), protein expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and levels of AGEs, Malondialdehyde (MDA), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were determined in penile tissues. Erectile responses to CNS and penile nNOS and cGMP content were significantly reduced, while AGEs and MDA were elevated in penises of Group-2. Treatment with ALT-711 reversed ED and depletion of both nNOS and cGMP. Additionally, ALT-711 treatment reduced penile tissue AGEs and MDA expression. In present study: rats without any co-morbidity such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic renal failure (CRF) were treated with high-level AGEs containing food. Our results suggest that ALT-711 may be an interesting and promising approach in the treatment of AGEs-related ED.No sponso

Approach to feeding problems in babies with cleft lip and/or palate

Dudak ve/veya damak yarığı en yaygın kraniyofasiyal doğumsal anomalilerden biri olup, en sık orofasiyal bölgede görülür. Yenidoğan bebeklerde bu doğumsal anomalinin görülme sıklığı %15 civarındadır. Bu konjenital malformasyonların patogenenezi tam olarak bilinmemekle beraber, hem beslenme hem de genetik faktörlerin rol oynadığına dair kanıtlar bulunmakta ve bu kanıtlar gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Dudak ve/veya damak yarığı olan çocuklar, doğumdan sonra beslenme güçlükleri nedeniyle yetersiz beslenebilirler. Bu deformitelere sahip çocukların büyümesi genellikle sağlıklı çocuklara kıyasla bozulmuştur. Bu bebeklerin değerlendirilmesi için multidisipliner bir yaklaşım zorunludur. Başlangıçta dudak ve/veya damak yarığı olan yenidoğanların beslenmesi ebeveynler için büyük bir endişe kaynağıdır. Emzirme, modifiye edilmiş biberonlar ve/veya meme ucu, tıkayıcı plakalar ve anne danışmanlığı ve destek gibi beslenme müdahalelerine ihtiyaç duyulur. Bu yazıda, bu konudaki bazı beslenme sorunlarının ve uyarlamalarının gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Cleft lip and/or palate is one of the most common craniofacial congenital anomalies and is most common in the orofacial region. The incidence of this congenital anomaly in newborn babies is around 15%. Although the pathogenesis of these congenital malformations is not fully known, there is evidence that both dietary and genetic factors play a role, and this evidence is increasing day by day. Children with cleft lip and/or palate may be malnourished after birth due to nutritional difficulties. Children with these deformities are often impaired in growth compared to healthy children. A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory for the evaluation of these babies. Feeding newborns with cleft lip and/or palate in the beginning is a major concern for parents. Nutritional interventions such as breastfeeding, modified bottles and/or nipple, occlusive pads and maternal counseling and support are needed, so this article aims to review some nutritional issues and adaptations in this regard

Several Tick-Borne Pathogenic Viruses in Circulation in Anatolia, Turkey

Introduction: We screened host-collected ticks for tick-borne viruses, including those recently documented as human pathogens.Methods: During 2020-2021, ticks removed form cattle, sheep, dogs, and cats in 11 provinces in 5 geographically distinct regions of Anatolia were identified, pooled, and screened using pan-nairovirus, pan-flavivirus and individual assays for Jingmen tick virus (JMTV), and Tacheng tick virus 1 and 2 (TcTV-1 and TcTV-2).Results: A total of 901 tick specimens, comprising 6 species were included. Rhipicephalus sanguineus complex was the most abundant species (44.1%), followed by Rhipicephalus bursa (38.3%), Haemaphysalis parva (7.2%), and others. The specimens were screened in 158 pools with 12 pools (7.6%) being positive. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) lineage Europe 2 (genotype VI) sequences were detected in R. bursa in five (3.2%) of the pools, with similar prevalences in central and Mediterranean Anatolian provinces. JMTV was identified in four R. bursa and one Rhipicephalus turanicus pools, collected from Mediterranean and southeastern Anatolia, with a CCHFV and JMTV coinfected R. bursa pool. The JMTV segment 1 sequences formed a separate cluster with those from Turkey and the Balkan peninsula in the maximum likelihood analysis. TcTV-2 was detected in two Dermacentor marginatus specimens (1.3%) collected in central Anatolia, with nucleocapsid sequences forming a phylogenetically segregated group among viruses from humans and ticks from China and Kazakhstan.Discussion: CCHFV Europe 2 was initially documented in ticks from central Anatolian locations, where related orthonairoviruses had been previously recorded. Ongoing activity and a wider distribution of JMTV and TcTV-2 were observed. These viruses should be screened as potential etiological agents in human infections associated with tick bites

Vascular Silicone Injection of Fresh Cadaveric Cow Cranium: Alternative Training Model For The Human Brain

Conclusion: Silicone injection of the cadaveric cow brain, based on the anatomical and physiological assessment of the vasculature of the specimen for microanatomical studies, is suggested as an alternative to using human brain specimens

Laboratory Training in Bifrontal and Frontolateral Approaches Using Cadaveric Silicone-Injected Cow Craniums

Conclusion: The aim of this study was to develop an innovative model to create a life-like microneurosurgical training system. This model simulates bifrontal and frontolateral approaches performed on the human brain