The effects of breathing exercises and inhaler training in patients with COPD on the severity of dyspnea and life quality: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Severe dyspnea and poor quality of life are common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The most important reason for this is wrong applications in inhaler treatment. In addition, inhaler treatments that support non-pharmacological methods increase the effectiveness of the drug. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of breathing exercises and inhaler training for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients on the severity of dyspnea and life quality. Methods: The research was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 67 patients with COPD were included. The patients were randomized into two groups. Intervention group 1 were given pursed lip breathing exercise and inhaler training and Intervention group 2 were given only inhaler training. A follow-up after 4 weeks was carried out in both groups. Patient outcomes in both groups were assessed by a COPD assessment test (CAT), the Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale, and the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire scale (SGRQ). This study followed the CONSORT checklist for randomized controlled trials. In the data analysis, independent t, Mann-Whitney U, ANOVA, Wilcoxon analysis, and Pearson chi-square tests were used. Results: The pursed lips exercise and inhaler drug use skills of patients in both groups increased (p0.05). Conclusions: As a result of the study, it was found that the skill of using the inhaler and the life quality of the patients increased, and the severity of dyspnea decreased. Supporting inhaler treatments with non-pharmacological methods can increase drug efficacy and quality of life. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04739488. Registered on 21 Feb 2021. © 2022, The Author(s)

The Effects of the Violence Tendency Levels of Nursing Students on Their Attitudes Towards Homosexual Individuals

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Nurses' attitudes towards homosexuality are an important factor affecting the quality of care given to homosexual individuals. Therefore, attitudes towards homosexual individuals and the variables affecting these attitudes should be investigated in the undergraduate period of nursing students. This study was conducted to determine the effects of the violence tendency levels of nursing students on their attitudes towards homosexual individuals.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional and descriptive design. It was conducted with 502 nursing students at a state university. The data were collected using a student information form, the Hudson and Ricketts Homophobia Scale (HRHS) and the Violence Tendency Scale (VTS).RESULTS: The mean HRHS score of the students was 94.25 +/- 22.23, and their mean VTS score was 37.82 +/- 8.25. It was found that the students' attitudes towards homosexuals were related to their academic year, number of siblings, the region they lived in, and whether they live with their parents or not. Additionally, it was determined that the students' level of tendency towards violence was low, and low levels of violence tendency were related to higher levels of education of the mother ( p<0.05). There was no significant relationship between the students' violence tendency levels and their homophobia levels (R-2=0.001).CONCLUSION: It was determined that the nursing students' level of tendency towards violence was low, but their attitudes towards homosexuals were negative. Their level of tendency towards violence did not explain their attitude towards homosexuals significantly. These results showed that there are different factors affecting nursing students' homophobic attitudes

Secondary sulfonamides as effective lactoperoxidase inhibitors

Secondary sulfonamides (4a–8h) incorporating acetoxybenzamide, triacetoxybenzamide, hydroxybenzamide, and trihydroxybenzamide and possessing thiazole, pyrimidine, pyridine, isoxazole and thiadiazole groups were synthesized. Lactoperoxidase (LPO, E.C.1.11.1.7), as a natural antibacterial agent, is a peroxidase enzyme secreted from salivary, mammary, and other mucosal glands. In the present study, the in vitro inhibitory effects of some secondary sulfonamide derivatives (4a–8h) were examined against LPO. The obtained results reveal that secondary sulfonamide derivatives (4a–8h) are effective LPO inhibitors. The Ki values of secondary sulfonamide derivatives (4a–8h) were found in the range of 1.096 × 10−3 to 1203.83 µM against LPO. However, the most effective inhibition was found for N-(sulfathiazole)-3,4,5-triacetoxybenzamide (6a), with Ki values of 1.096 × 10−3 ± 0.471 × 10−3 µM as non-competitive inhibition

INPP4B protects from metabolic syndrome and associated disorders

A high fat diet and obesity have been linked to the development of metabolic dysfunction and the promotion of multiple cancers. The causative cellular signals are multifactorial and not yet completely understood. In this report, we show that Inositol Polyphosphate-4-Phosphatase Type II B (INPP4B) signaling protects mice from diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. INPP4B suppresses AKT and PKC signaling in the liver thereby improving insulin sensitivity. INPP4B loss results in the proteolytic cleavage and activation of a key regulator in de novo lipogenesis and lipid storage, SREBP1. In mice fed with the high fat diet, SREBP1 increases expression and activity of PPARG and other lipogenic pathways, leading to obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Inpp4b−/− male mice have reduced energy expenditure and respiratory exchange ratio leading to increased adiposity and insulin resistance. When treated with high fat diet, Inpp4b−/− males develop type II diabetes and inflammation of adipose tissue and prostate. In turn, inflammation drives the development of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Thus, INPP4B plays a crucial role in maintenance of overall metabolic health and protects from prostate neoplasms associated with metabolic dysfunction

Identification of factor XI deficiency in Holstein cattle in Turkey

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

Live Cell Imaging of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells on Nano-pitted and Polished Titanium Surfaces: A Micro-Incubator in vitro Approach

Current orthopedic implants are not conducive for optimal integration of the biomaterial with newly-formed tissue (osseointegration) inside a patient’s body. In this study, medical-rade Ti-6Al-4V was used as a substrate due to its biocompatibility and ability to facilitate cellular adhesion and proliferation. Live cell imaging was conducted on bone marrow stromal cells, genetically modified to express the green fluorescent protein (GFP), from the 24-96 hours growth period, with the first 24 hours of growth being held inside a lab-scale incubator. Periodic images were recorded on nanopitted anodized and polished Ti-6Al-4V substrates to study how substratestiffness influences adhesion and proliferation. Collected images were analyzed for mitosis, adhesion, and filopodia-stretchability using ImageJ, an image processing program. Images were enhanced in order to perform cell counts at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of growth. Continuous recordings were produced to account for the number of mitosis occurrences and cellular migration on each of the substrates. Based on the conducted experiments, it appears that polished Ti-6Al-4V has a higher cell adherence than “nanopitted” anodized surface and an improved rate of proliferation which may be because the cells once adhered on the nano-pitted surface have less ability to detach in-order to undergo mitosis.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2014/1004/thumbnail.jp

Kronik Hastalıklarda Öz-Etkililik Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı; kronik hastalığı olan bireylerde Öz-etkililik ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenilirliğini belirlemektir. Yöntem: Araştırmanın evrenini, Kronik Kalp Yetmezliği, Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı, Diabetes Mellitus, artrit ve Kronik Böbrek Yetmezliği tanılarını almış olan hastalar oluşturmuştur. Örneklemi ise, ölçek toplam madde sayısının 10 katı olacak şekilde toplam 350 hasta birey oluşturmuştur. Veriler; Hasta Tanıtım Formu ve Kronik Hastalıklarda Öz-etkililik Ölçeği Orijinal Formu ile toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Ölçeğin Cronbach's ? değeri 0,95, madde-toplam puan korelasyon katsayıları ise 0,55-0,96 arasında uygun sınırlardadır. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequecy=0,91, Barlett's Test of Sphericity=1287,32 olarak saptanmıştır ve iki test sonucu anlamlı bulunmuştur (p0,05). Tekrarlanan ölçümler sonrası farkın olmaması ve benzer sonuçların bulunması ölçeğin güvenilir olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç: Ölçeğin Türkçe formunun yüksek geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğe sahip olduğu dolayısıyla da Türk toplumunda kullanılabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Aynı zamanda ölçeğin Türk toplumunda farklı kronik hastalıklara sahip bireyleri kapsayan çeşitli çalışmalarda kullanılması önerilir.Objective: The purpose of the study is to define the validity and reliability of Self-Efficacy Scale on the people with chronic diseases. Method: The patients diagnosed with Chronic Heart Failure, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Arthritis and Chronic Kidney Failure composed the population in the research. The sample consisted of 350 patients with 10 times of the total item numbers in the scale. The data were collected by Self-Efficacy Scale on Chronic Diseases. Results: The Cronbach's ? value of the scale was 0.95 and the item-total score correlation coefficients were between 0.550.96 in proper limits. It was defined that Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequecy=0.91, Barlett’s Test of Sphericity=1287.32 and the two test results were significant (p0.05). Having no differences and similar results after repeated measurements showed that the scale was reliable.Conclusion: It was concluded that the Turkish form of the scale had high validity and reliability so it could be utilized forTurkish society. At the same time, it is recommended that the scale be used in various studies involving individuals withdifferent chronic diseases in Turkish society. Accordingly, it is suggested that the scale may be applied on wider groups anddifferent culture

The effects of breathing exercises and inhaler training in patients with COPD on the severity of dyspnea and life quality: a randomized controlled trial

Background Severe dyspnea and poor quality of life are common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The most important reason for this is wrong applications in inhaler treatment. In addition, inhaler treatments that support non-pharmacological methods increase the effectiveness of the drug. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of breathing exercises and inhaler training for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients on the severity of dyspnea and life quality. Methods The research was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 67 patients with COPD were included. The patients were randomized into two groups. Intervention group 1 were given pursed lip breathing exercise and inhaler training and Intervention group 2 were given only inhaler training. A follow-up after 4 weeks was carried out in both groups. Patient outcomes in both groups were assessed by a COPD assessment test (CAT), the Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale, and the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire scale (SGRQ). This study followed the CONSORT checklist for randomized controlled trials. In the data analysis, independent t, Mann-Whitney U, ANOVA, Wilcoxon analysis, and Pearson chi-square tests were used. Results The pursed lips exercise and inhaler drug use skills of patients in both groups increased (p0.05). Conclusions As a result of the study, it was found that the skill of using the inhaler and the life quality of the patients increased, and the severity of dyspnea decreased. Supporting inhaler treatments with non-pharmacological methods can increase drug efficacy and quality of life