Classsifying Daily Problems of School Managers

AbstractSchools are open systems and this leads them to include much heavier duties for managers. It can be concluded that managers at a school, headteacher and his deputies, have to cope with many differen oriented problems and even crisis. The main motivation for this study is to reveal sources and solutions of most common problems at a school in its daily routines. While revealing these experiences we tried to sort them in short, mid and long term duties. We found that student and technical problems are short term, whereas staff and parent oriented ones are mid term, and finally if the problem is caused by organizational structure or policy based then it can be said to be long term one

Combining Ability Estimates and Heterosis for Yield and Fiber Quality of Cotton in Line x Tester Design

The objective of this study was to facilitate the selection in cotton breeding program and estimate the general combining ability (GCA) of the parents and specific combining ability (SCA) of hybrids considered for the development of high yielding and better fiber quality in early generations. The study was carried out at the Southeastern Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute during 2006 and 2007 cotton growing season. Seven cotton lines (which are known as high quality) and three testers (which are known as well adapted and high yielding) were crossed in a line x tester mating design in 2006. Ten genotypes and 21 F1 hybrids were planted in the randomized complete block design with three replications at the same experimental area in 2007. The variance due to GCA and SCA were highly significant for all the traits studied. This indicated that both additive and non-additive gene effects were responsible for the investigated characters. From the trial it was found that in the population, fiber length, fiber fineness and fiber elongation were influenced by additive gene effects while seed cotton yield, fiber yield, ginning percentage, fiber strength and fiber uniformity were influenced by non-additive gene effects. Among the parents FiberMax 832, Teks, Stoneville 453 and MaraÅŸ 92 for seed cotton yield and fiber yield; AÅŸkabat 71 and Giza 45 for fiber length and fiber strength; AÅŸkabat 71 for fiber fineness and fiber uniformity were detected with higher general combining ability. Most of the parents except AÅŸkabat 71, Giza 45 and MaraÅŸ 92 exhibited GCA for ginning percentage. SCA was significant for FiberMax 832 x Stoneville 453, Tam 94 L 25 x MaraÅŸ 92 and Teks x Stoneville 453 hybrid combinations for yield with acceptable fiber quality

An analysis of 13 patients with perforated gastric carcinoma: A surgeon's nightmare?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background and Objectives</p> <p>Perforation is a rare complication of gastric carcinoma and generally not diagnosed preoperatively. To clarify the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with this condition we reviewed 13 cases of gastric cancer perforation who required emergency surgery.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 13 patients with gastric cancer perforation were retrospectively reviewed. The clinicopathological features including tumor stage and survival and also the type of treatment were analyzed and compared to literature data.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were 13 patients (10 males and 3 females) with a mean age of 59.0 ± 9.56 years. The incidence of perforated gastric cancer was 9.6% among gastric carcinoma and 4.2% of all gastric perforation cases. The perforation was more frequently in stage III–IV (2–10), but one case of stage II (T3N0M0) gastric cancer was also observed. None of the patients had curative resection or radical lymph-node dissection. Six (46%) patients were treated by palliative, local surgery. Emergency gastrectomy were performed in 7 (54%) patients. Overall 30-day mortality rate was % 46. The overall survival time was 128.2 ± 184.8 days for all patients, it was 52.8 ± 52.9 days for locally treated group, and 192.9 ± 235.4 days for patients who underwent resectional surgery. The difference between the treatment groups was not significant</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Perforation usually occurs in advanced stages of gastric cancer. These patients had a poor prognosis because of the presence of advanced cancer.</p

Changing Trends and Experience with Esophageal Cancer Surgery in a Single University Hospital: Are The Results Similar or Not?

Objective: The main treatment modality for esophageal cancer remains to be surgery. Over the last decades, surgical strategies have evolved remarkably. When neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy became standard, discussions about the role, type, and timing of surgery began. In this study, we share results we obtained after operating our patients using various surgical techniques.Material and Methods:Reliable data from 51 esophageal cancer patients were evaluated retrospectively. Of the 51 cases, 31 were operable. These operable cases were further classified according to surgical method and neoadjuvant therapy status. Median survival time in months, complications, hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, and pathology results (total lymph nodes harvested and pathologic tumor node metastasis stage [p_TNM]) were documented for the different surgical approaches.Results: Open surgical methods were performed in 21 cases, while in 10 cases the Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) method was used. The MIS group received neoadjuvant therapy more frequently than the open surgical methods group (p=0.013). Although more complications were observed in the MIS group, the difference to the open esophagectomy methods group was not significant. Patients in the MIS group also had longer hospital stays, but again the difference was not significant. Although a pathologic complete response was seen in 8 of the 11 (72.7%) patients in our study who received chemoradiotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment, the surgical results of patients who received chemoradiotherapy were worse, although not to a statistically significant extent.Conclusion: Despite changing trends and treatment options in esophageal cancer surgery, we have yet to see the expected improved results

Freezing Range, Melt Quality, and Hot Tearing in Al-Si Alloys

In this study, three different aluminum-silicon alloys (A356, A413, and A380) that have different solidification morphology and solidification ranges were examined with an aim to evaluate the hot tearing susceptibility. T-shape mold and Constrained Rod Casting (CRC) mold were used for the characterization. Reduced Pressure Test (RPT) was used to quantify the casting quality by measuring bifilm index. It was found that bifilm index and solidification range have an important role on the hot tearing formation. As it is known, bifilms can cause porosity and in this case, it was shown that porosity formed by bifilms decreased hot tearing tendency. As the freezing range of alloy increases, bifilms find the time to unravel that reduces hot tearing. However, for eutectic alloy (A413), due to zero freezing range, regardless of bifilm content, hot tearing was never observed. A380.1 alloy had the highest tendency for hot tearing due to having the highest freezing range among the alloys investigated in this work

Wet and dry deposition of formaldehyde in Izmir, Turkey

Samples were collected between May 2003 and May 2004 in Izmir, Turkey to measure dry and wet deposition of formaldehyde (HCHO)

Correlations and Path Coefficient Analysis Between Leaf Chlorophyll Content Yield and Yield Components in Cotton (G.hirsutum L.) under Drought Stress Conditions

In this study 20 genotypes, including 2 cultivars and 18 advanced cotton lines were grown under induced drought stress conditions. Twenty cotton genotypes were evaluated in terms of leaf chlorophyll content, number of boll per plant, boll weight, seed cotton weight per boll, number of monopodial branches, number of sympodial branches, 100 seed weight, plant height, ginning out turn and seed cotton yield. According to results of analysis of variance there were significant differences among the genotypes in terms of leaf chlorophyll content, seed cotton weight per boll, 100 seed weight, plant height and ginning out turn. There were significant correlations between leaf chlorophyll content, seed cotton yield (r= 0.231*) and ginning out turn (r= 0.320**), however positive but non- significant correlations were observed among leaf chlorophyll content and other investigated characteristics except for plant height and 100 seed weight. Phenotypic correlations were also partitioned into path coefficients, keeping seed cotton yield as the resultant variable and other components as causals. Path analysis revealed that leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, number of monopodial branches, ginning out turn and 100 seed weight had direct effect on seed cotton yield under drought stress conditions. Partitioning through path coefficient analysis revealed that leaf chlorophyll content may be one of the indicators in the improvement of seed cotton yield in cotton under drought stress conditions

The effects of degassing, grain refinement & Sr-addition on melt quality-hot tear sensitivity relationships in cast A380 aluminum alloy

Hot tearing tendency of A380 with various element additions (Sr, Sr + Ti, Ti, B and B + Sr) was investigated. Constrained rod casting (CRC) hot tearing test method was used to characterize the hot tearing sensitivity. Reduced pressure test (RPT) samples were produced from each condition and all trials were repeated three times. Number density of pores on the cross section of RPT samples was calculated via digital image processing and statistical analysis was carried out. Microstructure analysis was carried out to observe the effect of alloying elements. Hot torn cross sections were subjected to SEM analysis. It was found that in aluminum alloys, the most deleterious defects, bifilms that are the cause of many defects, play an important role in initiating the hot tearing during solidification. It is important to note that the shape, size and distribution of bifilms are too complex. They act as heterogeneous nucleation site for liquid to separate and thus increase hot tearing

Variability in Yield and Fiber Technological Properties of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

The aim of this study was to determine the variability in yield and fiber technological properties in advanced cotton lines developed through cotton breeding program of the Southeastern Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute (SAARI). The experiment was conducted in the SAARI�s experimental field according to Augmented Design (AD) with six replications. In the study, 66 advanced cotton breeding lines and 3 control varieties (�Stoneville 468�, �GW-Teks�, and �Fantom�) were used as plant materials. Variation levels of 69 genotypes in yield and fiber technological properties were measured. Minimum and maximum values were 3337.60-6644.20 kg ha-1 for seed cotton yield, 1277.10-2659.20 kg ha-1 for fiber yield, and 34.28-41.70% for ginning percentage. Statistical analysis indicated that great majority of the plants (47.82%) had values between 4990.90-5817.55 kg ha -1 for seed cotton yield and 53.62% had values between 1968.15-2313.68 kg ha -1 for fiber yield. It was determined that ginning percentage was more than 39.85% for the 10.14%, fiber length was more than 29.76 mm for the 18.84%, fiber strength was more than 31.78 g tex-1 for the 8.7%, and fiber uniformity was more than 86.55% for the 13.05% of the materials. It was also determined that 1.45% of the material was very thin and 13.04% of the material was above 6.59% for fiber elongation and for short fiber index of 46.38% of the material ranged from 6.90 to 7.63

Effect of Fear of Covid-19 Infection on Functionality in Breast Cancer Patients in the Pandemic

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly across the globe through coughing, sneezing droplet inhalation, and contact