Determinantes da diversidade beta de comunidades aquáticas em planícies de inundação

Orientador : Prof. Dr. André Andrian PadialDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação. Defesa: Curitiba, 20/03/2015Inclui referênciasÁrea de concentração : Ecologia e ConservaçãoResumo: 1. Explicar a variação espacial e temporal da distribuição das comunidades biológicas nos ecossistemas tem sido uma questão central em ecologia. Atualmente esta questão tem sido pensada com enfoque na variação composicional entre unidades amostrais (Diversidade beta - ?). 2. Nesse estudo, a variação da ? temporal das comunidades de peixes sedentários, peixes migradores e macrófitas, foi abordada utilizando a metacomunidade amostrada em um período como unidade amostral. O conjunto de dados utilizado foi obtido de uma série temporal de 13 anos de amostragens na planície de inundação do Alto Rio Paraná, Brasil, de 2000 a 2012. Foram utilizadas como determinantes da ? variáveis representativas dos seguintes processos ecológicos: invasão biológica, variáveis indicadoras do regime hidrológico, produtividade e heterogeneidade ambiental. 3. Os determinantes relevantes para as metacomunidades dependeram da comunidade estudada, sendo os peixes sedentários o grupo mais afetado pelos efeitos homogeneizadores do regime hidrológico. A ? da metacomunidade de peixes sedentários também é significativamente explicada pela riqueza de espécies exóticas, heterogeneidade ambiental e produtividade, indicando alto determinismo ambiental na variação temporal dessa metacomunidade. A variação temporal da metacomunidade de macrófitas foi afetada apenas pelas variáveis de produtividade, porém a metacomunidade de peixes migradores apresentou somente autocorrelação temporal não explicada por nenhum dos determinantes testados. 4. Por fim, a representação do regime hidrológico através de variáveis dummy parece ser a melhor forma de se utilizar informações do regime hidrológico como determinante da ?. Palavras-chave: Homogeneização biótica, regime hidrológico, espécies invasoras, heterogeneidade ambiental, produtividade, autocorrelação.Abstract: 1. Explaining the temporal and spatial variation of the ecological communities in the ecosystems had been a central issue on Ecology. This issue has been answered focusing on the compositional variation among sampling units (Beta diversity - ?). 2. In this study we explained the sedentary fish, migratory fish and macrophytes communities temporal ?. Data was obtained from a time series of 13 years of sampling in the Upper Paraná River floodplain. The following variables were used as ? determinants: non-native species richness, productivity, environmental heterogeneity, hydrological regime. 3. The relevant determinants for metacommunities differ to each community studied. Sedentary fish were the most affected by the homogenizing determinants of the hydrological regime. Also, the sedentary fish metacommunity can be significantly explained by the non-native species richness, environmental heterogeneity and productivity, indicating high environmental determinism on the temporal variation of this metacommunity. The temporal variation of macrophyte metacommunity was only affected by the productivity variables. On the other hand, the migratory fish metacommunity only presents temporal autocorrelation, which cannot be explained by the tested determinants. 4. Finally, the representation of the hydrological regime through dummy variables seems to be the best way to use information about the hydrological regime as a determinant of ?. Key-words: Biotic homogenization, hydrological regime, exotic species, environmental heterogeneity, productivity, autocorrelation

Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado do Paraná: Sacoila Raf. (Orchidaceae, Spiranthinae)

Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado do Paraná: Sacoila Raf. (Orchidaceae, Spiranthinae) </htm

Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado do Paraná, Brasil: Psilochilus Barb.Rodr. (Orchidaceae, Triphorinae)

Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado do Paraná, Brasil: Psilochilus Barb.Rodr. (Orchidaceae, Triphorinae)</htm

Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado do Paraná, Brasil: Psilochilus Barb.Rodr. (Orchidaceae, Triphorinae)

Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado do Paraná, Brasil: Psilochilus Barb.Rodr. (Orchidaceae, Triphorinae)</htm

The Effectiveness of Honey-Based Ferric Perchloride Paste on Post-conization in the Cicatricial and Infectious Context: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: The skills, the techniques utilized in the conization and the hemostasis directly affect the healing process of the cervix tissue. Excessively large excisions and unnecessary use of electrocautery or hemostatic sutures are examples of procedures that may negatively affect the scar cascade and wound healing.&nbsp;Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of honey-based ferric perchloride paste (HBFPP) in reducing bleeding and infection post-conization procedure.&nbsp;Methods: Prospective randomized clinical trial with a sample of 142 patients randomized in two groups: 78 patients who used the HBFPP (intervention) and 64 patients who did not use the HBFPP (control). Statistical analysis was performed utilizing a significance level of 95%. The Chi-Square test and Fisher&rsquo;s exact test were applied.&nbsp;Results: Results showed that the mean score of the amount of blood lost was lower in the intervention group compared to the control group. The main complaints reported by the two groups in the postoperative period were discomfort in the genitourinary system, heavy bleeding after surgery, and post-operative infection, but not significantly different among both groups. The control group needed further intervention due to excessive bleeding in comparison with the intervention group.&nbsp;Conclusion: The use of HBFPP reduced the amount of blood lost in the postoperative period of conization surgery

Latin American scientific contribution to ecology

<div><p>ABSTRACT Latin America embodies countries of special interest for ecological studies, given that areas with great value for biodiversity are located within their territories. This highlights the importance of an evaluation of ecological research in the Latin America region. We assessed the scientific participation of Latin American researchers in ecological journals, patterns of international collaboration, and defined the main characteristics of the articles. Although Latin American publications have increased in fourteen years, they accounted up to 9% of publications in Ecology. Brazil leaded the scientific production in Latin America, followed by Argentina and Mexico. In general, Latin American articles represented a low percentage of most journals total publication, with particularly low expression in high impact-factor journals. A half of the Latin American publications had international collaboration. Articles with more than five authors and with international collaboration were the most cited. Descriptive studies, mainly based in old theories, are still majority, suggesting that Ecology is in a developing stage in Latin America.</p></div

Ralstonia mannitolilytica bacteremia in a neonatal intensive care unit

Abstract Ralstonia mannitolilytica, a Gram-negative bacterium, is rarely isolated in clinical laboratories. It has been associated with outbreaks due to its ability to survive in liquid media and hospital devices. We describe three cases of bacteremia caused by R. mannitolilytica in a neonatal intensive care unit in Curitiba, Southern Brazil. All isolates presented the same PFGE profile. The common source of infection was undetected in surveillance cultures for the outbreak survey. All patients received antimicrobial treatment and were discharged from the maternity. Due to the characteristics of the microorganism, clinicians and microbiologists should pay attention to the emergence of Ralstonia spp. infections

Dispersal Ability Determines the Role of Environmental, Spatial and Temporal Drivers of Metacommunity Structure

<div><p>Recently, community ecologists are focusing on the relative importance of local environmental factors and proxies to dispersal limitation to explain spatial variation in community structure. Albeit less explored, temporal processes may also be important in explaining species composition variation in metacommunities occupying dynamic systems. We aimed to evaluate the relative role of environmental, spatial and temporal variables on the metacommunity structure of different organism groups in the Upper Paraná River floodplain (Brazil). We used data on macrophytes, fish, benthic macroinvertebrates, zooplankton, periphyton, and phytoplankton collected in up to 36 habitats during a total of eight sampling campaigns over two years. According to variation partitioning results, the importance of predictors varied among biological groups. Spatial predictors were particularly important for organisms with comparatively lower dispersal ability, such as aquatic macrophytes and fish. On the other hand, environmental predictors were particularly important for organisms with high dispersal ability, such as microalgae, indicating the importance of species sorting processes in shaping the community structure of these organisms. The importance of watercourse distances increased when spatial variables were the main predictors of metacommunity structure. The contribution of temporal predictors was low. Our results emphasize the strength of a trait-based analysis and of better defining spatial variables. More importantly, they supported the view that “all-or- nothing” interpretations on the mechanisms structuring metacommunities are rather the exception than the rule.</p></div

Results from partial redundancy analysis.

<p>Shown are the relative contributions (% of explanation) of environmental (<i>E</i>), spatial (<i>S</i>), and temporal (<i>T</i>) variables, as well as the shared components explaining variation in abundance of aquatic metacommunities (except for aquatic macrophytes, in which only presence/absence is available), using overland and four watercourse distances to generate spatial predictors. <i>U</i> = unexplained component. Zeros indicate values lower than 0.5%. The significance of the pure components (<i>E</i>, <i>S</i> and <i>T</i>) was tested using random permutations; bold numbers indicate significant values. Macroinvert = Benthic Macroinvertebrates.</p