Propagation modeling for outdoor-to-indoor and indoor-to-indoor wireless links in high-speed train

This version of the article: Zhang, L., Rodríguez-Piñeiro, J., Fernández, J. R. O., García-Naya, J. A., Matolak, D. W., Briso, C., & Castedo, L. (2017). ‘Propagation modeling for outdoor-to-indoor and indoor-to-indoor wireless links in high-speed train’ has been accepted for publication in: Measurement, 110, 43–52. The Version of Record is available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.06.014.[Abstract]: Nowadays telecommunication companies have shown a great interest in deploying broadband mobile wireless networks in high-speed trains (HSTs) with the aim of supporting both passenger services provisioning as well as automatic train control and signaling. The train carriage, as a confined steel structure, has specific propagation characteristics, which motivates the study of the indoor-to-indoor and outdoor-to-indoor radio propagation characteristics for broadband wireless communication systems in high-speed railways, constituting the main contribution of this work. This study has been performed by means of measurements considering an actual Long Term Evolution (LTE) network deployment, as well as a portable test transmitter and different configurations of antennas and receivers at 2.4, 2.6 and 5.7 GHz in a commercial high-speed rail line in Spain. The results show that radio waves incur obvious waveguiding effects inside the HST car. Moreover, for the propagation from the railway station to a mobile receiver inside the HST car, waves at higher frequencies experience less attenuation through the train carriage, by better propagating through windows. Although the railway station and train interior contain objects that induce a rich set of multipath components, the analysis of small-scale fading statistics shows that the channel still has a dominant path. Also, the LTE coverage tests for Base Transceiver Station (BTS)-Train and BTS-Mobile links were conducted and with internal and external antennas on board the train. We found that there was a strong signal penetration loss of approximately 26 dB caused by the train carriage structure. The final results constitute an initial model for the propagation incurred by a relay-based communications system for fourth generation (4G) network in railways.Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2016-045Xunta de Galicia; ED341D R2016/012Xunta de Galicia; ED431G/01This work has been developed under the framework of ENABLING 5G TEC2014-55735-C3-2-R funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. This work has been also funded by the Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2016-045, ED341D R2016/012 and ED431G/01), the Agencia Estatal de Investigación of Spain (TEC2013-47141-C4-1-R, TEC2015-69648-REDC and TEC2016-75067-C4-1-R) and ERDF funds of the EU (AEI/FEDER, UE). Financial support of the China Scholarship Council (CSC) research fellowship given to Lei Zhang is also acknowledged

Gaia-DR2 confirms VLBA parallaxes in Ophiuchus, Serpens and Aquila

We present Gaia-DR2 astrometry of a sample of YSO candidates in Ophiuchus, Serpens Main and Serpens South/W40 in the Aquila Rift, which had been mainly identified by their infrared excess with Spitzer. We compare the Gaia-DR2 parallaxes against published and new parallaxes obtained from our Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) program GOBELINS. We obtain consistent results between Gaia and the VLBA for the mean parallaxes in each of the regions analyzed here. We see small offsets, when comparing mean values, of a few tens of micro-arcseconds in the parallaxes, which are either introduced by the Gaia zero-point error or due to a selection effect by Gaia toward the brightest, less obscured stars. Gaia-DR2 data alone conclusively places Serpens Main and Serpens South at the same distance, as we first inferred from VLBA data alone in a previous publication. Thus, Serpens Main, Serpens South and W40 are all part of the same complex of molecular clouds, located at a mean distance of 436+/-9 pc. In Ophiuchus, both Gaia and VLBA suggest a small parallax gradient across the cloud, and the distance changes from 144.2+/-1.3 pc to 138.4+/-2.6 pc when going from L1689 to L1688.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ

The Gould's Belt Very Large Array Survey II: The Serpens region

We present deep ($\sim 17~\mu$Jy) radio continuum observations of the Serpens molecular cloud, the Serpens south cluster, and the W40 region obtained using the Very Large Array in its A configuration. We detect a total of 146 sources, 29 of which are young stellar objects (YSOs), 2 are BV stars and 5 more are associated with phenomena related to YSOs. Based on their radio variability and spectral index, we propose that about 16 of the remaining 110 unclassified sources are also YSOs. For approximately 65% of the known YSOs detected here as radio sources, the emission is most likely non-thermal, and related to stellar coronal activity. As also recently observed in Ophiuchus, our sample of YSOs with X-ray counterparts lies below the fiducial G\"udel & Benz relation. Finally, we analyze the proper motions of 9 sources in the W40 region. This allows us to better constrain the membership of the radio sources in the region.Comment: Accepted in The Astrophysical Journa

The Gould's Belt Distances Survey (GOBELINS). V. Distances and Kinematics of the Perseus molecular cloud

We derive the distance and structure of the Perseus molecular cloud by combining trigonometric parallaxes from Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations, taken as part of the GOBELINS survey, and Gaia Data Release 2. Based on our VLBA astrometry, we obtain a distance of 321+/-10 pc for IC 348. This is fully consistent with the mean distance of 320+/-26 measured by Gaia. The VLBA observations toward NGC 1333 are insufficient to claim a successful distance measurement to this cluster. Gaia parallaxes, on the other hand, yield a mean distance of 293+/-22 pc. Hence, the distance along the line of sight between the eastern and western edges of the cloud is ~30 pc, which is significantly smaller than previously inferred. We use Gaia proper motions and published radial velocities to derive the spatial velocities of a selected sample of stars. The average velocity vectors with respect to the LSR are (u,v,w) = (-6.1+/-1.6, 6.8+/-1.1, -0.9+/-1.2) and (-6.4+/-1.0, 2.1+/-1.4, -2.4+/-1.0) km/s for IC 348 and NGC 1333, respectively. Finally, our analysis of the kinematics of the stars has shown that there is no clear evidence of expansion, contraction, or rotational motions within the clusters.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap

Evaluación de técnicas de aplicación de plaguicidas en un cultivo de estatice (limonium sinuatum mill), en la sabana de bogotá

Este artículo presenta aspectos básicos de una investigación realizada para evaluar combinaciones boquilla-presión, de acuerdo con parámetros físicos de la aplicación, en un cultivo de Estatice bajo invernadero. Para las evaluaciones se utilizaron colectores de papel hidrosensible (WSP). Lasboquillas evaluadas fueron Maruyama C-35, Maruyama 0-35 y Albuz APT-lila. Se realizaron dos tipos de ensayos, uno, para aplicaciones en cobertura total (dirigida a los tres tercios del cultivo), el otro, para aplicaciones dirigidas al tercio superior (cobertura a flor). Con los mejores tratamientos de la prueba física, se realizó una prueba de eficiencia biológica para el control de la enfermedad "Moho gris", causada por Botritys cinerea Pers. En la prueba física, los resultaron mostraron que los mejores tratamientos en cobertura total lueron C-35 a 210 psi, 0-35 a 210 psi (el mejor comportamiento) y APT-lila a 180 psi; los mejores tratamientos en las aplicaciones dirigidas al tercio superior, lueron C-35 a 190 psi, 0-35 a 190 psi (el mejor comportamiento) y APT-lila a 180 psi. Con todos los tratamientos evaluados se obtuvo una reducción considerable en el volumen de aplicación (Its/cama), manteniendo una densidad de cobertura alta (superior a 450 gotas/cm²). En la prueba de eliciencia biológica, los mejores controles se obtuvieron con 0-35 a 210 psi y APT -lila a 180 psi, superando al testigo (Maruyama C-35 a 260 psi). En el desarrollo de esta investigación se evidenció que el operario y el método de aplicación afectan de una manera importante la calidad de la aplicación.This paper shows the results of a research aimed at assessing different nozzle-pressure combinations, considering physical parameters concerned with pesticide application techniques, in an Estatice (Limonium sinuatum Mili) crop under greenhouse conditions. Water sensitive paper (WSP) was used to determine spray distribution and droplet density. The nozzles used were Maruyama C-35, Maruyama 0-35 and Albuz APTpurple. Two tests were made; one, applying the spray to the entire plants and the other, applying the spray only to the top third of the plants. Then, with the best treatments, a biological test was conducted to assess the control of the disease "Moho gris", caused by Botnlys cinerea Pers. The physical tests showed that the best treatments lor the entire plant applications were C-35 at 210 psi, 0-35 at 210 psi (the best behaviour) and APT -purple at 180 psi; for the top third applications the best treatments were C-35 at 190 psi, 0-35 at 190 psi (the best behaviour) and APT-purple at 180 psi. All the assessed treatments showed a pretty good behaviour, with droplet densities upper 450 droplets/cm² and a considerable spray rate reduction. In the biologicaltest, the best disease controls were obtained with 0-35 at 210 psi and APT-purple at 180 psi, being better than the control plot (Maruyama C35 at 260 psi). It was conclusive that the operator and the application method playa rather important role on the finally quality of the applícatíon

The Gould's Belt Very Large Array Survey III. The Orion region

We present results from a high-sensitivity (60 $\mu$Jy), large-scale (2.26 square degree) survey obtained with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array as part of the Gould's Belt Survey program. We detected 374 and 354 sources at 4.5 and 7.5 GHz, respectively. Of these, 148 are associated with previously known Young Stellar Objects (YSOs). Another 86 sources previously unclassified at either optical or infrared wavelengths exhibit radio properties that are consistent with those of young stars. The overall properties of our sources at radio wavelengths such as their variability and radio to X-ray luminosity relation are consistent with previous results from the Gould's Belt Survey. Our detections provide target lists for followup VLBA radio observations to determine their distances as YSOs are located in regions of high nebulosity and extinction, making it difficult to measure optical parallaxes.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ; 51 pages, 15 figures, 5 table

Quantitative proteomic analysis of Huh-7 cells infected with Dengue virus by label-free LC–MS

AbstractDengue is an important and growing public health problem worldwide with an estimated 100million new clinical cases annually. Currently, no licensed drug or vaccine is available. During natural infection in humans, liver cells constitute one of the main targets of dengue virus (DENV) replication. However, a clear understanding of dengue pathogenesis remains elusive. In order to gain a better reading of the cross talk between virus and host cell proteins, we used a proteomics approach to analyze the host response to DENV infection in a hepatic cell line Huh-7. Differences in proteome expression were assayed 24h post-infection using label-free LC–MS. Quantitative analysis revealed 155 differentially expressed proteins, 64 of which were up-regulated and 91 down-regulated. These results reveal an important decrease in the expression of enzymes involved in the glycolytic pathway, citrate cycle, and pyruvate metabolism. This study provides large-scale quantitative information regarding protein expression in the early stages of infection that should be useful for better compression of the pathogenesis of dengue.Biological significanceDengue infection involves alterations in the homeostasis of the host cell. Defining the interactions between virus and cell proteins should provide a better understanding of how viruses propagate and cause disease. Here, we present for the first time the proteomic analysis of hepatocytes (Huh-7 cells) infected with DENV-2 by label-free LC–MS.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics, mass spectrometry and peptidomics, Cancun 2013. Guest Editors: César López-Camarillo, Victoria Pando-Robles and Bronwyn Jane Barkla

Effect of climate and insemination technique on reproductive performance of gilts and sows in a subtropical zone of Mexico

The objective of this study was to analyse the reproductive performance of hybrid (Yorkshire x Landrace) gilts/sows in relation to temperature-humidity index (THI) at artificial insemination (AI), season of AI, occurrence of estrus >8 d post-weaning, repeated estrus, insemination technique (cervical, CAI or post-cervical, PCAI) and parity. Data included 8851 reproductive records (1771 for gilts and 7080 for sows) from a pig farm in a sub-tropical zone (THI ranged from 72.9 in January to 81.8 in June). A decrease in pregnancy rate (PR, 89.8 vs 93.0%; P<0.01) and a tendency to decline farrowing rate (FR, 87.9 vs 90.3%; P=0.07) following AI during high THI (>82), compared to AI at <74 THI were observed. The spring and summer season were associated with decreased (P<0.01) PR compared with fall and winter (90.0% vs 93.0%). Likewise, FR decreased in spring and summer compared to fall and winter (88.5% vs. 90.9%). FR was higher (P<0.01) in non-repeat breeders compared with that of repeat-breeders (90.3% vs 76.2%). Litter size increased (P<0.01) from 10.8 ± 3.2 to 11.1 ± 3.1 pigs when the interval from weaning to estrus was >8 d. The insemination technique did not affect PR and FR but the litter size decreased (P<0.05) from 11.3 ± 3.0 to 11.1 ± 2.9 pigs when PCAI was used compared to CAI. This study reaffirms the negative effects of the hot season on reproductive performance of gilts/sows, although thermal stress at AI did not cause foetal losses. Also, there is no advantage in using the PCAI as compared to the CAI in gilts/sows with high numbers of sperm cells per AI

Certainty of the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Modelled Prevalence Estimates for Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Meta-Epidemiological Study

Objectives: To describe and assess the risk of bias of the primary input studies that underpinned the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 modelled prevalence estimates of low back pain (LBP), neck pain (NP), and knee osteoarthritis (OA), from Australia, Brazil, Canada, Spain, and Switzerland. To evaluate the certainty of the GBD modelled prevalence evidence. Methods: Primary studies were identified using the GBD Data Input Sources Tool and their risk of bias was assessed using a validated tool. We rated the certainty of modelled prevalence estimates based on the GRADE Guidelines 30-the GRADE approach for modelled evidence. Results: Seventy-two primary studies (LBP: 67, NP: 2, knee OA: 3) underpinned the GBD estimates. Most studies had limited representativeness of their study populations, used suboptimal case definitions and applied assessment instruments with unknown psychometric properties. The certainty of modelled prevalence estimates was low, mainly due to risk of bias and indirectness. Conclusion: Beyond the risk of bias of primary input studies for LBP, NP, and knee OA in GBD 2019, the certainty of country-specific modelled prevalence estimates still have room for improvement