Necesidades del personal que atiende/previene violencia intrafamiliar contra mujeres en una región de México

Este reporte corresponde a una investigación realizada entre 2010 y 2011 en México con el propósito de conocer: a) las instituciones y características de dicho personal; b) sus necesidades y/o difi cultades que enfrenta; y c) sus concepciones bajo un enfoque de género. Para el primer aspecto se realizó un censo institucional, para los otros dos se aplicaron entrevistas semi estructuradas a veinte personas. Los principales resultados muestran que 76% de quienes prestan estos servicios son mujeres, que trabajan en 12 instituciones. Refi eren como necesidades falta de personal y capacitación. Conciben la violencia como golpes y agresiones, desvinculadas del control masculino como su eje central

Necesidades del personal que atiende/previene violencia intrafamiliar contra mujeres en una región de México.

Este reporte corresponde a una investigación realizada entre 2010 y 2011 en México con el propósito de conocer: a) las instituciones y características de dicho personal; b) sus necesidades y/o dificultades que enfrenta; y c) sus concepciones bajo un enfoque de género. Para el primer aspecto se realizó un censo institucional, para los otros dos se aplicaron entrevistas semi estructuradas a veinte personas. Los principales resultados muestran que 76% de quienes prestan estos servicios son mujeres, que trabajan en 12 instituciones. Refieren como necesidades falta de personal y capacitación. Conciben la violencia como golpes y agresiones, desvinculadas del control masculino como su eje central

Políticas públicas con perspectiva de género en preescolar. La invisibilidad de las masculinidades en la infancia / Public Policies with a Gender Perspective in Preschool. Invisibility of Masculinities in Childhood

El presente trabajo es un estudio tendiente a evaluar la implementación de la perspectiva de género en el nivel preescolar en la ciudad de Puerto Vallarta, México. Específicamente el interés central estaba puesto en relación a cómo abordaban las falsas concepciones de las masculinidades en la infancia, así como las estrategias educativas para contrarrestarlas. Para ello se realizaron entrevistas semi estructuradas a ocho directoras de un sector educativo. De los principales resultados destaca la escasa capacitación y difusión sobre equidad de género de manera sistemática y no existe en relación al trabajo con las masculinidades. This work is a study tending to evaluate the implementation of the gender perspective in preschool level in the city of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. Specifically, the central interest was placed in relation to how they addressed the false conceptions of masculinities in childhood, as well as the educational strategies to counteract them. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight female directors of an educational sector. Of the main results, there is a lack of training and dissemination on gender equity in a systematic way and it does not exist in relation to working with masculinities

Empatía en estudiantes de medicina de la universidad del norte, Colombia. Comparación de dos grupos (2012 y 2015)

Indexación: Scopus.Introduction: Empathy is an important component of the doctor-patient relationship, so the provision of empathy training to medical students must be a permanent goal of MD programs. Objective: To determine whether the academic medical empathy training activities implemented at Universidad del Norte in 2013 resulted in significant changes in medical students enrolled in 2015 compared to those enrolled in 2012. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted on 934 medical students (426 men and 508 women) enrolled at Universidad del Norte in 2015 who were administered the Spanish version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy. The comparison group consisted of 345 medical students (106 men and 239 women) enrolled in 2012 at the same university. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed and differences between academic years and between genders were evaluated, as well as the interactions between these two factors. Results: Although, in general, there were no significant differences between both groups in the three dimensions that were evaluated (p>0.05), statistically significant differences were observed in questions 4, 17 and 20, which are part of the Perspective Taking dimen-sion, and in question 6, included in the Walking in Patient’s Shoes dimension (p<0.05), since scores medias were higher in the 2012 cohort. Conclusions: The empathy training activities implemented in the medical program did not produce significant changes. Therefore, it is necessary to assess and improve both the con-tents and the teaching-learning processes related to empathy training in the medical program offered at Universidad del Norte.https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revfacmed/article/view/7049

Género, apoyo social informal y malnutrición en adultos mayores de Puerto Vallarta

Objective: Characterize the relationship between gender, social situation, nutritional status, and informal support network of older adults living in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico. Method: Cross-sectional, correlational, multivariate study. It shows 387 older adults between 60 and 98 years old, mean age 70, 234 (60.5%) women, 153 (39.5%) men. Body weight and anthropometric measurements were determined. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), the Social Situation survey and the MOS scale for social support were applied. Results: Older adults with work activity, 294 (75.9%) with their own home, 261 (67.4%) with medical social security [IMSS and ISSSTE] 234 (60.5%). Based on the classification made by the MNA with respect to nutritional status Body mass index [BMI] an average of 28.4 in women and 27.06 in men, finding malnutrition and risk through MNA at 23.3% and in the normal range at 76.7% comparing With WHO parameters we have a prevalence of overweight and obesity. ANOVAS of one factor were carried out to compare whether the scores in the different types of emotional, instrumental, and affective support are the same in the three nutritional states: normal, risk of malnutrition and malnutrition, the following values ​​were obtained equally: Malnutrition value of p&lt;.05 equal to .000 Risk of malnutrition = .0017, Normal = to .200. Conclusions: There is a relationship between the type of support that older adults receive and their nutritional status, however, the gender differences are not significant.Objetivo: Caracterizar la relación &nbsp;entre el género, situación social, estado nutricional y red de apoyo informal de los adultos mayores que viven en Puerto Vallarta Jalisco México. Método: Estudio multivariado correlacional, transversal. Muestra 387 adultos mayores entre 60 y 98 años, media de 70 años 234 (60.5%) mujeres 153 (39.5%) hombres. Se determinó el peso corporal y medidas antropométricas. Se aplicó el Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), la encuesta de la Situación Social y la escala de MOS para apoyo social. Resultados: Adultos mayores con actividad laboral, 294 (75.9%) con vivienda propia, 261 (67.4%) con seguridad social médica [IMSS e ISSSTE] 234 (60.5%). Con base en la clasificación que hace el MNA con respecto al estado nutricio Índice de masa corporal [IMC] una media de 28.4 en mujeres y 27.06 en hombres encontrando con malnutrición y riesgo mediante MNA a 23.3 % y en rango normal a un 76.7% comparando con parámetros OMS tenemos una prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad. Se realizaron ANOVAS de un factor, para comparar si los puntajes en los diferentes tipos de apoyo emocional, instrumental y afectivo son los mismos en los tres estados nutricios normal, riesgo de mal nutrición y mal nutrición se obtuvieron los siguientes valores por igual:&nbsp; Mal nutrición valor de p&lt;.05&nbsp; igual a&nbsp; .000 Riesgo de malnutrición = .0017, Normal = a .200. Conclusiones: Existe una relación entre el tipo de apoyo que reciben los adultos mayores y su estado nutricional, no obstante, las diferencias de género no resultan significativas

The trans fatty acid elaidate affects the global DNA methylation profile of cultured cells and in vivo

BACKGROUND: The deleterious effects of dietary trans fatty acids (tFAs) on human health are well documented. Although significantly reduced or banned in various countries, tFAs may trigger long-term responses that would represent a valid human health concern, particularly if tFAs alter the epigenome. METHODS: Based on these considerations, we asked whether the tFA elaidic acid (EA; tC18:1) has any effects on global DNA methylation and the transcriptome in cultured human THP-1 monocytes, and whether the progeny of EA-supplemented dams during either pregnancy or lactation in mice (n = 20 per group) show any epigenetic change after exposure. RESULTS: EA induced a biphasic effect on global DNA methylation in THP-1 cells, i.e. hypermethylation in the 1–50 μM concentration range, followed by hypomethylation up to the 200 μM dose. On the other hand, the cis isomer oleic acid (OA), a fatty acid with documented beneficial effects on human health, exerted a distinct response, i.e. its effects were weaker and only partially overlapping with EA’s. The maximal differential response between EA and OA was observed at the 50 μM dose. Array expression data revealed that EA induced a pro-inflammatory and adipogenic transcriptional profile compared with OA, although with modest effects on selected (n = 9) gene promoter methylation. In mice, maternal EA supplementation in utero or via the breastmilk induced global adipose tissue DNA hypermethylation in the progeny, that was detectable postnatally at the age of 3 months. CONCLUSION: We document that global DNA hypermethylation is a specific and consistent response to EA in cell culture and in mice, and that EA may exert long-term effects on the epigenome following maternal exposure. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0243-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Role of Kynurenine Pathway in Glioblastoma

In brain, the tryptophan degradation products through the kynurenine pathway exhibit neuromodulatory and inflammatory effects and have been related to the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, furthermore, their protagonism on the modulation of immune response and in cancer development has been reported. The immunosuppressive role of kynurenines has been described on glioblastoma models. In patients, the elevated activity of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) such as the increase of kynurenine/tryptophan ratio have been also reported, suggesting that activation of kynurenine pathway is present during glioblastoma formation and can be related with tumor progression. The importance of the kynurenine pathway during cancer development has encouraged recent studies to the use of IDO inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for treatment of breast, lung and ovarian cancer, until to get its use in clinical trials. IDO inhibitors also have been used in in vitro and in vivo models of glioblastoma showing promising results. The effect of kynurenines on glioblastoma offer a new perspective about the tryptophan metabolism during cancer. Due to the relevance of the kynurenine pathway in brain homeostasis, immunomodulation and cancer, we discuss the relevance of the kynurenine pathway on the development of glioblastoma multiforme as well as a possible molecular target for glioblastoma treatment

Gender equity in university students in Mexico City, after 20 months of remote classes during the COVID-19 pandemic

Several studies have reported that university students were affected during the months of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In Mexico, public and private universities were the last to resume face-to-face activities, so the students stayed in remote classes for almost 20 months. Because of gender inequities in higher education, it is essential to analyze the differential effects of remote learning on male and female students in terms of their physical and mental health, motivation, school achievement, and students’ adaptation to changes. Here we surveyed 573 students from Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Campus Iztapalapa in Mexico City, using a self-administration survey online. Our results showed that female students had more work overload at home, and felt more affected in their physical and mental health compared to men. Despite these difficulties, women were more willing to get ahead in academic and work settings

Consultoría integral en una residencia de descanso para adultos mayores en el municipio de Guadalajara

El presente documento “Consultoría integral en una residencia de descanso para adultos mayores en el municipio de Guadalajara”, fue elaborado por Ana Carmen Cabrera Flores, Daniela Ochoa Ríos, Andrés Hernández Jiménez, Rafael Cervantes Pinedo, Vanessa Campos Oñate, y Héctor Fabián García López, con el acompañamiento de la Maestra Laura Tiburcio Silver. Este documento contiene una introducción, la descripción general del proyecto, las reflexiones y aprendizajes de los alumnos a lo largo de la consultoría, las conclusiones, las fuentes consultadas y la lista de los anexos correspondientes. El documento fue elaborado de acuerdo con la metodología de la consultoría en MYPE del Centro Universidad Empresa. Se usaron fuentes primarias tales como información documental de la empresa, entrevistas, encuestas y observaciones del trabajo interno. Las fuentes secundarias que se usaron fueron en su mayoría páginas web. Entre sus contenidos principales se encuentran, las generalidades y el contexto en el que vive la empresa, el diagnóstico, el planteamiento estratégico, la propuesta de mejora, la implementación, y las recomendaciones finales. En este documento se llega a la conclusión de la importancia de las MYPE en la economía de nuestro país y de la importancia que tiene el acompañamiento a las mismas, se llega a la conclusión de que la consultoría es una alternativa muy buena para que las MYPE puedan continuar creciendo y no se estanquen o, en el peor de los casos, cierren sus puertas.ITESO, A.C

Associations between whole peripheral blood fatty acids and DNA methylation in humans

Fatty acids (FA) modify DNA methylation in vitro, but limited information is available on whether corresponding associations exist in vivo and reflect any short-term effect of the diet. Associations between global DNA methylation and FAs were sought in blood from lactating infants (LI; n = 49) and adult males (AMM; n = 12) equally distributed across the three conventional BMI classes. AMM provided multiple samples at 2-hour intervals during 8 hours after either a single Western diet-representative meal (post-prandial samples) or no meal (fasting samples). Lipid/glucose profile, HDAC4 promoter and PDK4 5'UTR methylation were determined in AMM. Multiple regression analysis revealed that global (in LI) and both global and PDK4-specific DNA methylation (in AMM) were positively associated with eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acid. HDAC4 methylation was inversely associated with arachidonic acid post-prandially in AMM. Global DNA methylation did not show any defined within-day pattern that would suggest a short-term response to the diet. Nonetheless, global DNA methylation was higher in normal weight subjects both post-prandially and in fasting and coincided with higher polyunsaturated relative to monounsaturated and saturated FAs. We show for the first time strong associations of DNA methylation with specific FAs in two human cohorts of distinct age, diet and postnatal development stage