Thermally modified (TM) beech wood: compression properties, fracture toughness and cohesive law in mode II obtained from the three-point end-notched flexure (3ENF) test

[EN] The fracture properties of thermally modified beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood (TMW) at 180 degrees and 200 degrees C were evaluated in mode II using the three-point end-notched flexure (3ENF) scheme assisted by three-dimensional (3D) stereovision equipment for obtaining displacements and strains. The compliance-based beam method (CBBM) provided the strain energy release rates (G(II)) of TMW and cohesive laws for both native wood (W) and TMW. Based on the CBBM and equivalent crack length approach (ECLA), G(II) was obtained directly from the force-deflection data. The thermal modification (TM) process reduced the compressive strength by 4.4% and increased the compressive elastic modulus by 38.3%, whereas G(II) was reduced substantially by 40.8% and 67.9% at TM180 degrees C and TM200 degrees C, respectively. TM also increased wood brittleness that was visible on the displacement slip reduction. The resulting mean cohesive models can be used for numerical analyses. The fracture properties of TMW have to be taken into consideration for constructional wood application, when cyclic loading may lead to microcracking and material fatigue.The authors would like to thank COST Action FP1407 (Funder Id: https://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000921), the European Commission for funding the InnoRenew CoE project under the Horizon2020 Widespread-Teaming program (grant agreement #739574), the Republic of Slovenia for providing support from the European Regional Development Funds, and the financial support provided by the Internal Grant Agency (IGA) of the Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno (LDF_PSV_2016015).Sebera, V.; Redón-Santafé, M.; Brabec, M.; Decky, D.; Cermak, P.; Tippner, J.; Milch, J. (2019). Thermally modified (TM) beech wood: compression properties, fracture toughness and cohesive law in mode II obtained from the three-point end-notched flexure (3ENF) test. Holzforschung. 73(7):663-672. https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2018-018866367273

Nature of the spin resonance mode in CeCoIn5_5

Spin-fluctuation-mediated unconventional superconductivity can emerge at the border of magnetism, featuring a superconducting order parameter that changes sign in momentum space. Detection of such a sign-change is experimentally challenging, since most probes are not phase-sensitive. The observation of a spin resonance mode (SRM) from inelastic neutron scattering is often seen as strong phase-sensitive evidence for a sign-changing superconducting order parameter, by assuming the SRM is a spin-excitonic bound state. Here, we show that for the heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn$_5$, its SRM defies expectations for a spin-excitonic bound state, and is not a manifestation of sign-changing superconductivity. Instead, the SRM in CeCoIn$_5$ likely arises from a reduction of damping to a magnon-like mode in the superconducting state, due to its proximity to magnetic quantum criticality. Our findings emphasize the need for more stringent tests of whether SRMs are spin-excitonic, when using their presence to evidence sign-changing superconductivity.Comment: accepted for publication in Communications Physic

Ultrasmall Moment Incommensurate Spin Density Wave Order Masking a Ferromagnetic Quantum Critical Point in NbFe₂

In the metallic magnet Nb1−yFe2þy, the low temperature threshold of ferromagnetism can be investigatedby varying the Fe excessywithin a narrow homogeneity range. We use elastic neutron scattering to trackthe evolution of magnetic order from Fe-rich, ferromagnetic Nb0.981Fe2.019to approximately stoichiometricNbFe2, in which we can, for the first time, characterize a long-wavelength spin density wave state burying aferromagnetic quantum critical point. The associated ordering wave vectorqSDW¼ð0;0;lSDWÞis found todepend significantly onyandT, staying finite but decreasing as the ferromagnetic state is approached. Thephase diagram follows a two-order-parameter Landau theory, for which all of the coefficients can now bedetermined. Our findings suggest that the emergence of spin density wave order cannot be attributed toband structure effects alone. They indicate a common microscopic origin of both types of magnetic orderand provide strong constraints on related theoretical scenarios based on, e.g., quantum order by disorder

La traducción como proceso de decisiones: su reflejo en los corpus paralelos

iří Levý’s idea to conceive translation as a decision-making process is of great interest to both linguists and specialists in translation and. The interest in analyses of translations, in comparing expressions of the same content in various languages, led to the origin of the so-called parallel corpus, a type of linguistic corpus in which each text has a corresponding version in one or several other languages. Based on linguistic material obtained from the InterCorp parallel corpus (corpus created by the Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, www.korpus.cz/intercorp), the article analyzes the possibilities offered by parallel corpora to researchers who aim to describe translation processes. The author of the study focuses on various factors which influence the translation as a decision-making process (e.g. the context, the role of a translator, etc.). Besides, he concentrates on the problem of equivalence/correspondence of the translated with the original. There are some deficiencies regarding this methodology, but it presents an important contribution to the theory of translation.La conception de Jiří Levý de la traduction comme un processus de prise de décision représente un sujet d’intérêt autant pour les spécialistes de la traduction que pour les linguistes. Les « corpus parallèles », type de corpus linguistique où chaque texte possède un équivalent dans une ou plusieurs langues différentes, apparaissent grâce à l’intérêt pour l’analyse des traductions et pour la comparaison des expressions d’un même contenu entre plusieurs langues. En tentant compte du matériel linguistique obtenu du corpus parallèle InterCorp (corpus développé au sein de la Faculté de Lettres de l’Université Charles de Prague), cet article analyse les multiples usages des corpus parallèles pour les chercheurs qui visent à décrire le processus de traduction. On s’occupe des divers facteurs intervenant dans la traduction comme un processus de prise de décision tels que : le contexte et le rôle du traducteur. De plus, on attire l’attention sur le problème de l’équivalence/correspondance entre le texte traduit et le texte original. Bien que cette nouvelle méthodologie ait quelques faiblesses, les corpus parallèles constituent une contribution significative à la théorie de la traduction.Resumen:La idea de Jiří Levý de concebir la traducción como un proceso de decisiones es muy interesante tanto para los especialistas en traducción como para los lingüistas. El interés por analizar las traducciones, por comparar la expresión de un mismo contenido en varias lenguas dio lugar a los llamados corpus paralelos, un tipo de corpus lingüístico en el que cada texto tiene su versión correspondiente en otro u otros idiomas. Sirviéndose del material lingüístico extraído del corpus paralelo InterCorp (corpus creado en la Facultad de Letras de la Universidad Carolina de Praga, www.korpus.cz/intercorp), el artículo ilustra las posibilidades que los corpus paralelos ofrecen a los investigadores que pretenden describir el proceso de la traducción. Partiendo del análisis de traducciones que forman parte del corpus, el autor del artículo comenta diferentes factores que influyen en la traducción, en “el proceso de toma de decisiones” (el contexto, el papel del propio traductor, etc.). Además, presta atención al problema de la equivalencia/correspondencia del texto traducido con el texto original. El artículo muestra que, aunque esta nueva metodología presenta también algunas insuficiencias, los corpus paralelos constituyen en nuestro tiempo una aportación relevante a la teoría de la traducción

Magnetic properties of Ce compounds studied by specific heat

Materials containing the 4f (rare earth) or 5f (actinides) exhibit a large variety of interesting physical properties. The Ce-based compounds have a special place among the rare-earth compounds. The Ce atom contains only a single f-electron that is responsible for the magnetic behavior. The 4f states in compounds with the heavy rare earths have a well localized character, whereas many Ce-based compounds are on the borderline between the localized and itinerant behavior. These compounds show large variety of the magnetic ground states what is a result of the competition between the long-range order of the RKKY type and the screening of the localized moments by conduction electrons. We observe nonmagnetic states with a mixed valence (between Ce3+ and Ce4+), metallic systems with a long-range order of the Ce moments (ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic or more complex structures). To analyze the electronic properties, the heat capacity data, and namely their low-temperature part, play an indispensable role. This diploma work comprise the sample preparation of selected cerium compounds, their phase characteristics and the heat capacity measurements at low temperatures (0.4 - 300 K). The main part is focused on the data analysis and comparison with theoretical models

MCMAS-SL[1G]: A model checker for the verification of one-goal strategy logic specifications

Model checking has come of age. A number of techniques are increasingly used in industrial setting to verify hardware and software systems, both against models and concrete implementations. While it is generally accepted that obstacles still remain, notably handling infinite state systems efficiently, much of current wor