Consultoría de servicios financieros enfocado a PyMES en Guadalajara, Jalisco

El presente trabajo presenta un plan de negocios para el desarrollo de una firma de consultoría de servicios financieros enfocada a las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PyMES) de Guadalajara, Jalisco. Se analiza el entorno de las PyMES y de sus necesidades, se explora la competitividad y su estructura administrativa, fiscal y financiera.Instituto Jalisciense de la Juventu

Mapping and Estimation of Nitrogen and Sulfur Atmospheric Deposition Fluxes in Central Region of the Mexican Bajio

The objective of this study was to assess the spatial and temporal distribution of nitrogen and sulfur deposition and its relationship with meteorological conditions in the metropolitan area of León in Guanajuato, México. N and S atmospheric deposition was collected using passive samplers (IER) in 10 sites in León City during three climatic seasons in 2018. Nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate concentrations and deposition fluxes of N and S were determined. From wind and air-mass trajectories analysis, mechanisms and possible sources contributing to N and S deposition in the study area were assessed. Atmospheric deposition fluxes were compared to critical load values reported for sensitive ecosystems in Europe. It was found that mean deposition flux for N (5.82 Kg N ha−1 year−1) was within the range of values reported for sensitive ecosystems in Nuevo México, Europe, and California. On the other hand, the mean deposition flux for S (13.77 S Kg ha−1 year−1) exceeded the critical load values proposed for Europe, suggesting that current S deposition could be a risk for ecosystems and water bodies in the region

Mapping of the atmospheric deposition of sulfur and nitrogen during the dry season 2016 in the Metropolitan zone of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

Abstract. Atmospheric deposition of sulfur and nitrogen was measured in the Metropolitan Area of Merida, Yucatan in Mexico during the dry season of 2016. Passive samplers type "throughfall" based on ion exchange resins were used to measure the hydrological flows in a total of 9 sampling sites distributed throughout the city. The ions retained in the resin were analyzed by turbidimetry and colorimetry to determine Ammonium, Nitrate and Sulfate. Deposition fluxes of S and N obtained were 6.25 and 5.19 Kg ha-1 yr-1. Both, sulfur and nitrogen atmospheric deposition fluxes were higher in urban sites, exceeding almost 2 times, the reference values proposed internationally for sensitive ecosystems. From the analysis of wind roses and air masses trajectories, it was possible to establish that during this climatic season, in addition to the local vehicular emissions, regional emissions generated upwind (from E-SE) contributed to atmospheric deposition of these ions. Finally, N and S deposition fluxes and their relationship with criteria pollutants were assessed, and maps for atmospheric deposition fluxes of Ammonium, Sulfate and Nitrate were generated using geo-statistical tools in order to identify critical deposition zones in this Metropolitan zone

APORTES AL CONOCIMIENTO DE LA EVOLUCIÓN GEOLÓGICA DE LAS CUENCAS ATRATO Y SAN JUAN DENTRO DEL ARCO PANAMÁ-CHOCÓ

 RESUMEN Este artículo es una síntesis de la compilación, evaluación y re-interpretación de la información geológica, geofísica y geoquímica de las Cuencas Atrato y San Juan. En el área anteriormente denominada como Cuenca Chocó, hoy se distinguen dos cuencas Cenozoicas con tendencia N-S: (1) Cuenca Atrato y (2) Cuenca San Juan. Se extienden en el rumbo por más de 280 km desde el delta actual del río San Juan en el suroeste, hasta el Arco de Panama s.s. en el Norte. El presente estudio defne que estas cuencas están separadas por el Alto estructural de Istmina-Condoto que actúa como barrera intermitente, sirve de límite y conexión temporal de las dos cuencas, cada una con su propia historia geológica.La Cuenca Deltáica de San Juan presenta una acumulación de sedimentos de hasta 9 kilómetros (?), que comienza probablemente en el Paleoceno (?). La Cuenca de Antearco del Atrato alberga sedimentos con un espesor aproximado de 10 km. Tanto una como otra cuenca están sufcientemente estructuradas, cada una en su propio estilo, siendo las fallas crecimiento las que controlan la cuenca Atrato y en la Cuenca San Juan, el estilo estructural está enmarcado por la deformación del Alto Istmina-Condoto y la Falla Garraptas; las estructuras, principalmente postmiocénicas, de dimensiones signifcativas, pueden ser trampas para acumulaciones importantes de hidrocarburos. Palabras clave: Cuenca Atrato, Cuenca San Juan, Cuenca Chocó, Arco Panamá-Chocó, Evolución tectónica.  ABSTRACT The geological, geophysical and geochemical data pertaining the previously known as Choco Basin, was compiled and reinterpreted. Today, two distinc Cenozoic basins, the Atrato Basin and the San Juan Basin are identifed, each with its own geological history. They are bounded by the Istmina-Condoto Structural High, in fact, a paleo-high which intermitently acts as sedimentary barrier, i.e. source area.In the San Juan Delta Basin up to 9 km (?) of mainly clastic sediments were deposited, most probably since Paleocene time. In the Atrato Fore Arc Basin a 10 km thickness of Cenozoic sediments were seismically recorded. Both basins are suffciently structured, as to produce potential hydrocarbon traps, mainly post-Miocene in age. The tecto-sedimentary framework in the San Juan Basin is controlled by the Istmina-Condoto Fault System in the NW and the Garrapatas Fault System in the SE. In the Atrato Basin the occurrence of growth faults is an outstanding feature. Key words: Atrato Basin, San Juan Basin, Chocó Basin, Panamá-Chocó arch, tectonic evolution.  

APORTES AL CONOCIMIENTO DE LA EVOLUCIÓN GEOLÓGICA DE LAS CUENCAS ATRATO Y SAN JUAN DENTRO DEL ARCO PANAMÁ-CHOCÓ

 RESUMEN Este artículo es una síntesis de la compilación, evaluación y re-interpretación de la información geológica, geofísica y geoquímica de las Cuencas Atrato y San Juan. En el área anteriormente denominada como Cuenca Chocó, hoy se distinguen dos cuencas Cenozoicas con tendencia N-S: (1) Cuenca Atrato y (2) Cuenca San Juan. Se extienden en el rumbo por más de 280 km desde el delta actual del río San Juan en el suroeste, hasta el Arco de Panama s.s. en el Norte. El presente estudio defne que estas cuencas están separadas por el Alto estructural de Istmina-Condoto que actúa como barrera intermitente, sirve de límite y conexión temporal de las dos cuencas, cada una con su propia historia geológica.La Cuenca Deltáica de San Juan presenta una acumulación de sedimentos de hasta 9 kilómetros (?), que comienza probablemente en el Paleoceno (?). La Cuenca de Antearco del Atrato alberga sedimentos con un espesor aproximado de 10 km. Tanto una como otra cuenca están sufcientemente estructuradas, cada una en su propio estilo, siendo las fallas crecimiento las que controlan la cuenca Atrato y en la Cuenca San Juan, el estilo estructural está enmarcado por la deformación del Alto Istmina-Condoto y la Falla Garraptas; las estructuras, principalmente postmiocénicas, de dimensiones signifcativas, pueden ser trampas para acumulaciones importantes de hidrocarburos. Palabras clave: Cuenca Atrato, Cuenca San Juan, Cuenca Chocó, Arco Panamá-Chocó, Evolución tectónica.  ABSTRACT The geological, geophysical and geochemical data pertaining the previously known as Choco Basin, was compiled and reinterpreted. Today, two distinc Cenozoic basins, the Atrato Basin and the San Juan Basin are identifed, each with its own geological history. They are bounded by the Istmina-Condoto Structural High, in fact, a paleo-high which intermitently acts as sedimentary barrier, i.e. source area.In the San Juan Delta Basin up to 9 km (?) of mainly clastic sediments were deposited, most probably since Paleocene time. In the Atrato Fore Arc Basin a 10 km thickness of Cenozoic sediments were seismically recorded. Both basins are suffciently structured, as to produce potential hydrocarbon traps, mainly post-Miocene in age. The tecto-sedimentary framework in the San Juan Basin is controlled by the Istmina-Condoto Fault System in the NW and the Garrapatas Fault System in the SE. In the Atrato Basin the occurrence of growth faults is an outstanding feature. Key words: Atrato Basin, San Juan Basin, Chocó Basin, Panamá-Chocó arch, tectonic evolution.  

Atmospheric N and S Deposition Fluxes in the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Mexico and Its Relation with Criteria Air Pollutants and Meteorological Conditions

The objective of this study was to assess the spatial and temporal variability of N and S atmospheric deposition and its relation with criteria air pollutants (CAPs) and meteorological conditions (MCs) in the metropolitan area of Monterrey (MAM). Atmospheric deposition was collected in 10 sampling sites during 3 climatic periods by using passive samplers based on ionic exchange resins (IERs); simultaneously, CAP and MC were monitored. Ions were extracted from IER to determine nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate levels, and deposition fluxes were estimated. On the other hand, from CAP and MC, wind and concentration roses were built to identify the exceedances of the current regulations, and relationships between CAP and meteorological conditions. It was found that only S deposition fluxes exceeded critical load values proposed in Europe, suggesting that S deposition could be a serious threat in MAM. It was found that CO in Juárez sampling site and O3 and PM10 in all sampling sites showed exceedances of the current regulatory limits, showing seasonal and spatial patterns similar to N and S deposition fluxes. Deposition fluxes were mapped to identify critical zones or periods in which these fluxes could be higher as a result of the prevailing meteorological conditions

Detección molecular de un fragmento del virus de lengua azul en borregos de diferentes regiones de México

Bluetongue disease (BTD) affects various species of wild and domestic ruminants. In Mexico, the disease, caused by the bluetongue virus (BTV) is still regarded as exotic, despite the fact that antibodies have been detected on several occasions. The objective was to establish molecular techniques using a synthetic gene, including the genes NS1 and NS3 as positive controls for the diagnosis of BTV in samples of sheep from different regions of the country. A total of 320 total whole blood samples were obtained from sheep. The samples obtained were evaluated by end-point RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR, the conditions having been established by the work group. Twelve sheep samples were found to be positive for the detection of NS1; these samples were sequenced, and a fragment of 101 base pairs was obtained. Upon alignment, were obtained identities with sequences reported in GenBank with NS1 fragments ranging from 89 % (p= 1e-12) to 98 % (p= 4e-13), corresponding to serotypes 10, 11 and 12. From these samples, two positive sheep samples were obtained using real-time PCR (RT-PCR): one from Chiapas (Chiapas breed), and the other, from Tamaulipas (Suffolk breed). The results of the RT-PCR were corroborated by CPA-SENASICA. This work provides evidence, for the first time in Mexico, of the importance of using a synthetic gene as a positive control to perform BSL-2 detection in official laboratories, which in a health emergency is of utmost importance.La enfermedad de la lengua azul (LA) afecta diferentes especies de rumiantes silvestres y domésticos. En México, la enfermedad producida por el virus de la lengua azul (VLA), aún es reconocida como exótica, a pesar de que, en diferentes ocasiones se han detectado anticuerpos. El objetivo fue establecer técnicas moleculares usando un gen sintético que incluye los genes NS1 y NS3 como control positivo para establecer el diagnóstico del VLA en muestras de ovinos de diferentes regiones del país, mediante técnicas moleculares. Se obtuvieron 320 muestras totales de sangre completa de ovinos. Las muestras obtenidas se evaluaron mediante RT-PCR punto final y RT-PCR en tiempo real estableciendo las condiciones por el grupo de trabajo. Se encontraron 12 muestras positivas de ovinos a la detección de NS1; estas muestras se secuenciaron obteniendo un fragmento de 101 pares de bases. Al realizar el alineamiento se obtuvieron identidades con secuencias reportadas en el GenBank con fragmentos de NS1 desde 89 % (p= 1e-12) a 98 % (p= 4e-13), correspondientes a los serotipos 10, 11 y 12.  De estas muestras, se obtuvieron dos muestras positivas de ovinos mediante el PCR tiempo real (PCR-tr), uno proveniente de Chiapas (raza Chiapas) y el otro de Tamaulipas (raza Suffolk). Los resultados de la PCRtr fueron corroborados por la CPA-SENASICA. Este trabajo, aporta por primera vez en México, la importancia de usar un gen sintético como control positivo, para realizar la detección en laboratorios oficiales BSL-2, lo cual en una emergencia sanitaria es de suma importancia

Characterization and Sources of Aromatic Hydrocarbons (BTEX) in the Atmosphere of Two Urban Sites Located in Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico

Abstract:Benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,p-xylene,O3,NOx,CO,PM2.5 andmeteorologicalparameters were measured in urban air of two sites in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico during 2016–2017. Samples were collected using 1.5 h time intervals at three different sampling periods before being analyzed by gas chromatographywithflameionizationdetection. ThehighestconcentrationsofBTEXoccurredduring midday and afternoon in spring and summer seasons. Mean concentrations of, BTEX for the Cholul and SEDUMA sites, respectively, were 40.91 µg/m3 and 32.86 µg/m3 for benzene; 6.87 µg/m3 and 3.29 µg/m3 for toluene; 13.87 µg/m3 and 8.29 µg/m3 for p-xylene; and 6.23 µg/m3 and 4.48 µg/m3 for ethylbenzene. The toluene/benzene and xylene/ethylbenzene concentration ratios indicated that BTEX levels at both sites were influenced by local and fresh emissions (vehicular traffic). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed in order to correlate BTEX concentrations with criteria air pollutants to infer their possible sources. Health risk assessment revealed that exposure to benzene exceeded the recommended value for the integrated lifetime cancer risk. These results suggest that Merida’s population is exposed to cancer risk, and changes in the existing environmental policies should therefore be applied to improve air quality. Keywords: volatile organic compounds; BTEX; tropospheric ozone; Merida; air pollutio