Response distances of Chilean flamingo and American oystercatcher to human disturbance in a stopover site

Atividades turísticas traz benefícios, aumentando o apoio à conservação. No entanto, também podem perturbar a fauna e ser análogo ao risco de predação. À medida que o turismo aumenta, é necessário um planejamento adequado. Realizamos experimentos de campo de aproximação de grupos de flamingo-chileno (Phoenicopterus chilensis) e Piru-Piru (Haematopus palliatus) simulando quatro estímulos (Caminhante individual, grupo de caminhantes, carro e caiaque) no Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe para avaliar as distâncias de resposta e estimar distâncias mínimas de aproximação (DMA) para reduzir a perturbação das aves, controlando o efeito de fatores confundidores. A distância do início da fuga e a distância na qual o animal responde mudando sua orientação para monitorar uma ameaça que se aproxima (distância de alerta) foram definidos como distâncias de resposta. Usamos modelos lineares mistos para explorar os efeitos dos estímulos, e a influência de fatores potenciais nas respostas das aves. As distâncias de resposta foram diferentes entre as espécies e os estímulos antropogênicos. As aves permitiram abordagens mais próximas de caiaques e carros do que de caminhantes individuais e em grupo. O flamingo-chileno foi mais sensível à perturbação antropogênica. A distância inicial, o mês, o comportamento da ave antes da aproximação e a velocidade do vento influenciaram as respostas. Verificamos uma grande variação de resposta entre os indivíduos. Para minimizar a perturbação das aves limícolas no Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe recomendamos uma DMA de 127 m para a aproximação de Piru-Piru no setor da praia e de 286 m para a aproximação de flamingo- chileno por caminhantes ou de 230 m para a aproximação por caiaques no estuário.Tourism activities provide benefits, increasing support for conservation. However, it can also disturb wildlife and be analogous to predation risk. As tourism increases, suitable planning is necessary. Chilean Flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis) and American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) were exposed to the approach of four stimuli (Single walker, group of walkers, car, and kayak) in a stopover site to determine their response distances, and then estimate minimal approach distances (MAD) to reduce bird disturbance, controlling the effect of potential influential factors. Flight initiation distance, and the response at which birds change their orientation to monitor an approaching threat (alert distance) were identified as response distances. Linear mixed models were used to explore the effects of the stimuli, and the potential factors on bird responses. Response distances were different between species and anthropogenic stimuli. Kayaks and cars allowed closer approaches than single and group of walkers. Chilean flamingo was more sensitive to disturbance. Potential factors such as starting distance, month, bird ́s initial behavior before the approach and wind speed, including large variations among individuals influenced bird responses. Based on this data and in order to be conservative in reducing tourist’s effect in the bird’s behavior in an important stopover site, the minimal approach distance can be set at 127 m for the American oystercatcher in the beach, including for the Chilean flamingo a MAD of 286 m when walking and 230 m when kayaking in the estuary

Toward Linearizability Testing for Multi-Word Persistent Synchronization Primitives

Persistent memory makes it possible to recover in-memory data structures following a failure instead of rebuilding them from state saved in slow secondary storage. Implementing such recoverable data structures correctly is challenging as their underlying algorithms must deal with both parallelism and failures, which makes them especially susceptible to programming errors. Traditional proofs of correctness should therefore be combined with other methods, such as model checking or software testing, to minimize the likelihood of uncaught defects. This research focuses specifically on the algorithmic principles of software testing, particularly linearizability analysis, for multi-word persistent synchronization primitives such as conditional swap operations. We describe an efficient decision procedure for linearizability in this context, and discuss its practical applications in detecting previously-unknown bugs in implementations of multi-word persistent primitives

Patrimonio natural y cultural de Tepotzotlán

324 páginas. Especialización en Diseño, Planificación y Conservación de Paisajes y Jardines.El presente documento muestra el trabajo realizado para la intervención paisajística en pueblo de Tepotzotlán. Al ser catalogado en el programa de pueblos mágicos dada su riqueza tangible e intangible; resulta relevante su estudio a fin de rescatar y/o enaltecer algunas de las virtudes que lo resguardan. La zona de intervención se enfocó esencialmente en el polígono patrimonial del centro histórico, los caminos constituidos a lo largo de Rio Chiquito y calles aledañas que conectan los tesoros patrimoniales de la zona. Dicho estudio fue abordado principalmente por grupos de trabajo interdisciplinario, conformados por alumnos de la especialidad en Paisajes y Jardines Históricos de la UAM Azcapotzalco. Se cotejaron 5 proyectos detonadores: Centro Histórico/Atrio de los Olivos, Par vial, Rio Chiquito, Camino Real de Lluvias y Acequia Real. Durante la primera etapa, se establecieron las limitaciones y potencialidades del sitio. Se recopiló información cualitativa y cuantitativa para la formulación y ejecución de un plan maestro que regirían los parámetros y objetivos en cada proyecto. El desarrollo conceptual y anteproyecto para cada zona de intervención, se reflejó en la segunda etapa de este proceso. Paralelamente, la elaboración de la propuesta de vegetación, las fichas de cada especie vegetal y la preparación de catálogos de paisaje, complementan el carácter de este trabajo. El proyecto realizado en Tepotzotlán: “Patrimonio Natural y Cultural De Tepotzotlán”, emerge, como el título del trabajo indica: desde la visión del rescate patrimonial, constituido por elementos materiales y naturales relevantes para la población local y todos sus visitantes. La última etapa comprende la puesta en marcha del proyecto ejecutivo, donde se plasmaron los detalles que dan cuerpo a cada elemento de las propuestas de diseño, la información necesaria para su construcción y la síntesis de toda la documentación consultada y elaborada, como sostén de diseño. En las siguientes páginas y capítulos, se explicará de manera extensa y particular: la metodología planteada y utilizada en el abordaje de cada proyecto. En general, se podrá observar la construcción de un trabajo paisajístico integral, llevado a cabo a lo largo de un año de esfuerzo y dedicación, vertidos en la presente tesis.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México)

The Effect of Varying High-Intensity Interval Training Style Warm-Ups on Hemodynamic, Power, and Flexibility Responses

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) style warm-up on hemodynamic, power, and flexibility responses. METHODS: Twelve male subjects (age: 24.15 ± 3.1 yr. & weight: 78.78 ± 16.83 kg) completed the study. On the first day, initial screening, anthropometric measures, and familiarization with testing procedures were completed. There were a total of 6 randomized testing sessions (separated by at least 48 hours.). The testing sessions were as follows: 3-min warm-up session with 20 sec work followed by 10 sec (C1), 3-min warm-up session with 30 sec work followed by 10 sec (C2), 5-min warm-up session with 20 sec work followed by 10 sec (C3), 5-min warm-up session with 30 sec work followed by 10 sec (C4), 8-min warm-up session with 20 sec work followed by 10 sec (C5), and 8-min warm-up session with 30 sec work followed by 10 sec (C6). The warm-up sessions included timed interval body weight squats. Hemodynamics (heart rate (HR) and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure), a countermovement jump, and flexibility values were recorded before and after warm-up protocols. RESULTS: There was a significant duration*time interaction for flexibility (pCONCLUSION: The findings of the study indicate that a 3-min duration of HIIT style warm-up may be enough to physically prepare individuals to improve flexibility and vertical jump. In addition, the data also suggests that the required/recommended duration for the warm-up to prepare body may be shortened with HIIT style warm-up. Future studies should compare and contrast the efficacy of varying work to rest ratio of HIIT style warm-up with other warm-up protocols to determine the most effective warm-up protocol

El juego didáctico como estrategia para fortalecer la competencia léxica en ingles de los estudiantes adultos de grado sexto del colegio miguel Antonio Caro

El presente proyecto centra la atención en la inclusión de juegos didácticos en la planeación de clase con el propósito de fortalecer la competencia léxica de los estudiantes adultos del Grado Sexto del Colegio Miguel Antonio Caro.This project focuses on the inclusion of educational games in planning class with the purpose of strengthening the lexical competence of adult learners Sixth Grade School Miguel Antonio Caro

Frecuencia cardiaca y movimientos fetales posterior a la administracion de betametasona para maduración pulmonar fetal

El objetivo de la investigación fue demostrar las modificaciones de la frecuencia cardiaca y los movimientos fetales producidas por la administración de betametasona para maduración pulmonar fetal. Se realizó una investigación de tipo explicativa, prospectiva y longitudinal con un diseño cuasi-experimental y una muestra no probabilística de 106 gestantes entre 24 y 34 semanas, con diagnóstico de amenaza de parto pretérmino tratadas con betametasona (12 mg intramuscular cada 24 horas por dos dosis) que acudieron al Hospital Central “Dr. Urquinaona”. Se evaluaron los movimientos fetales y frecuencia cardiaca materna y fetal. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la frecuencia cardiaca materna comparado con los valores iniciales (p = ns). Se observó que el valor inicial de la frecuencia cardiaca fetal fue de 135,1±9,7 latidos por minuto para aumentar luego a 137,2±8,9 latidos por minuto (p = ns) para presentar un nuevo aumento hasta (142,9±9,9 latidos por minuto) que fue significativo comparado con los valores iniciales (p < 0,05). Se observó una disminución significativa de movimientos fetales medidos en 30 minutos después de la primera inyección (23,1±6,0 movimientos comparado con 14,8±7,0 movimientos), para aumentar después de la segunda inyección pero aun presentando valores significativamente más bajos comparado con los valores iniciales (20,0 ±6,7 movimientos; p < 0,05). Se concluye que la administración de betametasona para maduración pulmonar fetal produce incremento significativo en la frecuencia cardiaca y reducción marcada de los movimientos fetales. Abstract Fetal heart rate and movements after betamethasone administration for fetal lung maturity The objective of research was to demonstrate fetal heart rate and movements modifications by the use of betamethasone for fetal lung maturity. An explicative, prospective and longitudinal research was done with a quasi-experimental design and a non-probabilistic sample of 106 pregnant patients between 24 and 34 weeks treated with betamethasone (12 mg IM BID) that assisted to Hospital Central “Dr. Urquinaona.” Fetal movements, maternal and fetal heart rates were evaluated. There were not differences in materna heart rate compared with initial values (p = ns). There was observed that fetal heart rate initial values were 135.1±9.7 beats per minute and increases to 137.2±8.9 beats per minute (p = ns) and showed a new increase to 142.9±9.9 beats per minute that was significant compared with initial values (p < 0.05). There was observed a significant decrease in fetal movement measured in 30 minutes after first injection (23,1±6,0 movements compared with 14,8±7,0 movements), to increase after second injection but still were significant lower compared with initial values (20,0±6,7 movewments; p < 0.05). It is concluded that the use of betamethasone for induction of fetal lung maturity produced significant reduction in fetal movements and an increase of fetal heart rate

Effects of Different Intensity and Duration of Warm-Up on Hemodynamics, Jump Power, and Flexibility

Tabata protocol (TP), usually consisting of eight to nine bouts of 20-sec of maximal exercise with 10-sec rest, is time-efficient intervention with both aerobic and anaerobic benefits. PURPOSE: This study investigated the effectiveness of different variation of TP as a warm-up procedure. METHODS: Twenty-five healthy subjects (13 females and 12 males) participated in this study. Participants performed 6 randomized exercise sessions separated by at least 48 hours. The exercise sessions involved 3-min (TP3-20:10; TP3-30:10), 5-min (TP5-20:10; TP5-30:10) or 8-min (TP8-20:10; TP8-30:10) consecutive bodyweight squats of either 20-sec workout with 10-sec rest (20:10) or 30-sec workout with 10-sec rest (30:10). Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), thigh skin surface temperature (TT), vertical jump performance (VJ), and flexibility (F) were measured before and after execution of the protocols. Countermovement jump was used to measure VJ and sit-and-reach test was used for measuring F. RESULTS Two-way ANOVA demonstrated significant condition*time interaction (pCONCLUSION: The findings are suggestive of a decrease in F following a higher duration of exercise (TP8-20:10 and TP8-30:10). This may be ascribed to greater accumulation of metabolites (lactic acid, ammonia and hydrogen ion) in the working muscles, which may alter Type III and IV afferent neural activity to increase pain perception. Local tissue acidosis also stimulates bradykinin release, which may contribute to the transmission of nociceptive signals from skeletal muscle. Additionally, a higher duration of exercise may increase cortisol level that decreases the pain threshold level. Therefore, the decreases in flexibility may be explained by one or combination of metabolic, hormonal, and neurobiological changes stimulating the brain to inhibit the muscular response