12 research outputs found
Ad Infinitum: The Bourgeois Construction of an American Lady
This thesis explores the emergence of the Bourgeois culture in Antebellum America during the transition of nineteenth century America into what we refer to as âmodern-day America.â This period is crucial in American history as ideological concepts developed as the nation industrialized, thus creating the nationâs identity. In doing so, gender roles were voraciously prescribed with a focus on womenâs sexuality as a focal point for Victorian discourse. Unlike prior to the Revolution, which gender roles were previously assumed, by the mid-nineteenth century, modes of surveillance are apparent in sermons, medical treatises, Victorian periodicals and literature, in which ideological productions such as the âcult of true womanhood,â entrenched in Evangelical Christianity became essential to nationalism. This thesis explores the mechanisms of power used to control women, while simultaneously extracting the psychological reasons behind such ideological productions constructed, that elevated womenâs role in society as discourse on womenâs sexuality and their roles in society became ad infinitum
Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study
Background: Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. // Methods: We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung's disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. // Findings: We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung's disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middle-income countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36â39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3â3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in low-income countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; pâ€0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88â4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59â2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04â1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4â5 vs ASA 1â2, 1·82 [1·40â2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1â2, 1·58, [1·30â1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02â1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41â2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05â1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47â0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50â0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48â1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. // Interpretation: Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030
La renovaciĂłn de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingĂŒĂstica
El libro reĂșne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de LingĂŒĂstica (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovaciĂłn de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temĂĄticas abordadas en los 167 capĂtulos muestran las grandes lĂneas de investigaciĂłn que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro paĂs, pero tambiĂ©n en los otros paĂses mencionados arriba, y señalan ademĂĄs las ĂĄreas que reciĂ©n se inician, con poca tradiciĂłn en nuestro paĂs y que deberĂan fomentarse. Los trabajos aquĂ publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigaciĂłn: FonologĂa, Sintaxis, SemĂĄntica y PragmĂĄtica, LingĂŒĂstica Cognitiva, AnĂĄlisis del Discurso, PsicolingĂŒĂstica, AdquisiciĂłn de la Lengua, SociolingĂŒĂstica y DialectologĂa, DidĂĄctica de la lengua, LingĂŒĂstica Aplicada, LingĂŒĂstica Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la LingĂŒĂstica, Lenguas AborĂgenes, FilosofĂa del Lenguaje, LexicologĂa y TerminologĂa
Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study
Summary
Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally.
Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies
have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of
the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income
countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality.
Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to
hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis,
exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprungâs disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a
minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical
status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary
intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause,
in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status.
We did a complete case analysis.
Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital
diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal
malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprungâs disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome
countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male.
Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36â39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3â3·3).
Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income
countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups).
Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome
countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries;
pâ€0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients
combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88â4·11],
p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59â2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20
[1·04â1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention
(ASA 4â5 vs ASA 1â2, 1·82 [1·40â2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1â2, 1·58, [1·30â1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety
checklist not used (1·39 [1·02â1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed
(ventilation 1·96, [1·41â2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05â1·74], p=0·018). Administration of
parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47â0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65
[0·50â0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48â1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality.
Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome,
middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will
be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger
than 5 years by 2030
DesafĂos de la investigaciĂłn en Ecuador
En este artĂculo se desarrollan algunas ideas en torno a los retos y desafĂos que enfrenta la investigaciĂłn en Ecuador, en el marco de la educaciĂłn superior. Parte de un objetivo general, que es esbozar una visiĂłn transformadora de la educaciĂłn superior y la investigaciĂłn hacia la transformaciĂłn universitaria en Ecuador, asĂ como los desafĂos actuales a los que se enfrenta la educaciĂłn superior. Sus objetivos especĂficos pasan por una caracterizaciĂłn de la educaciĂłn superior ecuatoriana en cuanto a investigaciĂłn, para luego plantear algunas ideas para una transformaciĂłn universitaria en el marco de la investigaciĂłn. El trabajo se realizĂł a travĂ©s del mĂ©todo hermenĂ©utico-dialĂ©ctico, utilizando la investigaciĂłn documental. Como resultado se plantean 4 lĂneas generales que representan los grandes retos y desafĂos a enfrentar en el nuevo contexto de la educaciĂłn superior para potenciar la investigaciĂłn en Ecuador
ValoraciĂłn de aspectos vinculados al consumo, calidad y seguridad de la carne, en consumidores argentinos de carne
The development of meat producing sector is directly influenced by the concepts and criteria of the consumers. Numerous and diverse aspects are taken into account by consumers at the time of purchase, with appearance, freshness and product availability being the most important points. Knowledge the trends, concepts and willingness to purchase by consumers is allows the agroindustrial sector a better growth and development. The aim at study was to study the consumption, quality and health aspects of meat through a survey of Argentine consumers of meat. The data were collected in cities of the province of Buenos Aires. The survey was anonymous, voluntary and through a questionnaire arranged online. The information collected was analyzed by descriptive test according to: sex, age range, employment status and area of residence. The data indicated that the most outstanding features and trends in consumer habits, quality criteria and decision to purchase meat in citizens of the province of Buenos Aires, are related according to age and, to a lesser extent, sex, residence or employment situation. These observations suggest that would be a good opportunity for the producerâs development products orientated to particular age group public and their preferences. Health general aspects suggested it is important for scientific and educational sector generate and transmit more information to society about proper habits of food handling at home.El crecimiento del sector productor de carne se ve influenciado directamente por los conceptos y criterios de los consumidores. Los aspectos tenidos en cuenta por estos al momento de comprar son numerosos y variados, y los puntos mĂĄs importantes son la calidad sensorial, higiĂ©nico-sanitaria, disponibilidad de productos y tendencia de consumo. Conocer las preferencias, conceptos y actitud de compra por parte de los consumidores permite al sector agroindustrial un mejor crecimiento y desarrollo. El presente trabajo planteĂł como objetivo estudiar aspectos de consumo, calidad y sanidad de la carne mediante encuesta con consumidores argentinos. Los datos fueron recabados en ciudades de la provincia de Buenos Aires. La encuesta fue anĂłnima, voluntaria y mediante un cuestionario dispuesto on-line. La informaciĂłn obtenida fue analizada mediante test descriptivo segĂșn sexo, rango etario, situaciĂłn laboral y zona de residencia. Los resultados logrados mostraron similitud de comportamiento con otras sociedades latinoamericanas, estudiadas previamente. Los datos indicaron que los rasgos y tendencias mĂĄs destacados en los hĂĄbitos de consumo, criterios de calidad y decisiĂłn de compra de carne en ciudadanos de la provincia de Buenos Aires, estĂĄn relacionados con la edad y en menor medida con el sexo, lugar de residencia o la situaciĂłn laboral. Las observaciones sugerirĂan que una buena oportunidad para el sector productor es trabajar en el desarrollo de productos âdirigidosâ segĂșn los grupos etarios y sus preferencias. En relaciĂłn con los aspectos de la sanidad, se pudo apreciar que la poblaciĂłn usa prĂĄcticas en el hogar con elevado potencial de contaminaciĂłn cruzada y proliferaciĂłn de microorganismos en los alimentos. Frente a esto se destaca la importancia de los sectores cientĂfico y educativo en la necesidad de generar y transmitir informaciĂłn a la sociedad sobre hĂĄbitos adecuados de manipulaciĂłn de alimentos especialmente en hogares
Rescuing the Corticostriatal Synaptic Disconnection in the R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntingtonâs Disease: Exercise, Adenosine Receptors and Ampakines
In the R6/2 mouse model of Huntingtonâs disease (HD) we examined the effects of a number of behavioral and pharmacological manipulations aimed at rescuing the progressive loss of synaptic communication between cerebral cortex and striatum. Two cohorts of transgenic mice with ~110 and 210 CAG repeats were utilized. Exercise prevented the reduction in striatal medium-sized spiny neuron membrane capacitance but did not reestablish synaptic communication. Activation of adenosine A2A type receptors renormalized postsynaptic activity to some extent. Finally, the ampakine Cx614, which has been shown to prevent α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) receptor desensitization, slow deactivation, and facilitate glutamate release, induced significant increases in synaptic activity, albeit the effect was somewhat reduced in fully symptomatic, compared to control mice. With some limitations, each of these strategies can be used to delay and partially rescue phenotypic progression of HD in this model
A brief review of the pathophysiology, associated pain, and psychosocial issues in sickle cell disease
First narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars in advanced detector data
International audienceSpinning neutron stars asymmetric with respect to their rotation axis are potential sources of continuous gravitational waves for ground-based interferometric detectors. In the case of known pulsars a fully coherent search, based on matched filtering, which uses the position and rotational parameters obtained from electromagnetic observations, can be carried out. Matched filtering maximizes the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio, but a large sensitivity loss is expected in case of even a very small mismatch between the assumed and the true signal parameters. For this reason, narrow-band analysis methods have been developed, allowing a fully coherent search for gravitational waves from known pulsars over a fraction of a hertz and several spin-down values. In this paper we describe a narrow-band search of 11Â pulsars using data from Advanced LIGOâs first observing run. Although we have found several initial outliers, further studies show no significant evidence for the presence of a gravitational wave signal. Finally, we have placed upper limits on the signal strain amplitude lower than the spin-down limit for 5 of the 11 targets over the bands searched; in the case of J1813-1749 the spin-down limit has been beaten for the first time. For an additional 3 targets, the median upper limit across the search bands is below the spin-down limit. This is the most sensitive narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves carried out so far
First low-frequency Einstein@Home all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves in Advanced LIGO data
International audienceWe report results of a deep all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves from isolated neutron stars in data from the first Advanced LIGO observing run. This search investigates the low frequency range of Advanced LIGO data, between 20 and 100Â Hz, much of which was not explored in initial LIGO. The search was made possible by the computing power provided by the volunteers of the Einstein@Home project. We find no significant signal candidate and set the most stringent upper limits to date on the amplitude of gravitational wave signals from the target population, corresponding to a sensitivity depth of 48.7ââ[1/Hz]. At the frequency of best strain sensitivity, near 100Â Hz, we set 90% confidence upper limits of 1.8Ă10-25. At the low end of our frequency range, 20Â Hz, we achieve upper limits of 3.9Ă10-24. At 55Â Hz we can exclude sources with ellipticities greater than 10-5 within 100Â pc of Earth with fiducial value of the principal moment of inertia of 1038ââkgâm2