Contaminants in waste foundry sand and its leachate

The environmental characteristics of Waste Foundry Sands (WFS), including chemicals in WFS and its leachate, are essential in understanding the environmental impact, rational disposal and potential development of beneficial applications of this solid industrial waste. This paper presents an assessment of broad-spectrum chemicals (metallic, non-metallic and organic chemicals) in aspects of their statistics (mean, median and the 95th percentile) in dry-weight WFS and WFS leachates based on laboratory measurements of 594 WFS samples from 123 foundry facilities in the USA. Results indicate that WFS is basically not hazardous except a risk associated with WFS from copper-based foundry facilities. Leachability of metallic chemicals varies among investigated WFS. A clear delineation between different leaching protocols is implicated.An Den

Nicotine Dependence among Rural-Urban Migrants in China

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The complex mechanism of nicotine dependency makes it challenging to evaluate dependence or progress towards dependence. The aim of this study was to estimate nicotine dependence levels and identify determinants of dependence among Chinese rural-urban migrants.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Multi-stage systematic sampling was used to select 4,198 rural-urban migrants aged 18 years or older from three metropolises in China. A structured questionnaire was administered during face-to-face interviews. Nicotine dependence among participants was assessed by means of the six-item Mandarin Chinese Version of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (CFTND). Determinants of dependence were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among 4,198 participants, estimated current, daily, and occasional smoking rates were 28.3%, 21.2%, and 7.1%, respectively. The CTFND score for the 894 daily smokers was 3.39(SD: 2.32). MANOVA showed that work type, age at first migration, length of migration, and number of cities ever lived were associated with nicotine dependence.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A migratory lifestyle is associated with nicotine dependence. Results could inform the design of tobacco control programs that target Chinese rural-urban migrant workers as a special at-risk population.</p

Massachusetts Housing Data 2000

Massachusetts Housing Data. Housing units by tenure and vacancy status, Census Bureau 200

California environmental ballot proposition support by Census Tract, 1990-2000

Contains proportion of citizen votes in favor of various environment-related ballot propositions by Census Tract, for every tract in California. IncludesL 1996 Prop. 204 Water Bond [pr204appr_tr], 1998 Prop. 4 Trapping Practices [pr4appr_tr], 1998 Prop. 7 Air Quality Improvement [pr7appr_tr], 2000 Prop. 12 Parks [pr12appr_tr], and 2000 Prop. 13 Water [pr13appr_tr]. Dataset is unique at the state-county-tract2000-year level

Physician-Related Factors Involved in Patient Decisions to Enroll Onto Cancer Clinical Trials

The development of new cancer therapies requires additional, and more complex, clinical trials. But only approximately 3% to 5% of adult cancer patients participate in cancer clinical trials. This study seeks to identify and understand the attitudes of the public and cancer survivors toward health-related decisions and cancer clinical trials to identify the key factors that must be addressed to increase that percentage