Pemanfaatan Senyawa Antioksidan Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea Batatas) Pada Pewarnaan Produk Klepon

Antioxidants have recently become a compound that has been widely promoted. Antioxidants are substances that can protect cells against the effects of free radicals. Free radicals are molecules produced when the body gets damaged food or exposure to unhealthy environments such as tobacco smoke and radiation. Fruits and vegetables that are light-skinned with typical colours such as purple sweet potatoes, yellow sweet potatoes, red tomatoes, purple blueberries, yellow corn, and orange carrots, are rich in antioxidants. Sweet potatoes are known to have high carbohydrate and antioxidant content. Also, sweet potatoes are divided into three types based on the different colours, namely white sweet potato, yellow sweet potato, and purple sweet potato. The advantages of sweet potatoes can be used as natural dyes in the manufacture of klepon products. In the study conducted the addition of three types of sweet potatoes in the making klepon. The addition of sweet potatoes affects the value of carbohydrates and water content in klepon products. Also, white sweet potatoes, yellow sweet potatoes, and purple sweet potatoes have carbohydrate content of 44%, 55%, and 42%. Mineral content In addition to white sweet potatoes, yellow sweet potatoes, and purple sweet potatoes are 0.13%, 0.35%, and 0.27%, while the addition of white sweet potatoes, yellow sweet potatoes, and purple sweet potatoes has a moisture content. 52%, 40%, and 56%. Where on klepon without the addition of sweet potatoes has 48% carbohydrate content, mineral content 0.23%, and 47% water content? Based on the results of the analysis, klepon with the addition of yellow sweet potato is the best of nutritional value and storage capacity, because it has the highest levels of carbohydrate and minerals, and low moisture content. Keywords: Antioxidants, Telephone, Sweet Potatoe

Efek Parameter Pada Minyak Atsiri Nilam Jawa (Pogostemon heyneanus) Menggunakan Metode Distilasi Air dan Kombinasi Distilasi Air-Uap

Indonesia is one of the largest patchouli oil producers in the world. Export commodities from patchouli essential oil have high economic value and bring in foreign exchange. The use of patchouli oil is needed continuously in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, perfumery, aromatherapy, and other industries. So far, the development of the patchouli oil production process has not experienced much change. There is a current market demand for quality which tends to increase, and the patchouli oil industry in Indonesia must be able to follow this market demand. Therefore, research is needed on the essential oil of Java Patchouli (Pogostemon heyneanus) with water distillation and water-steam distillation methods to improve quality and quantity. Patchouli parts used are stems and leaves. The distillation time was 6 hours and the distillation temperature was maintained at 1000C using a heating mantle. Then, patchouli oil quality analysis was carried out by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the results obtained were the highest yield of oil found in the leaves, either by the water distillation method of 1.64%, or by the water-steam distillation method of 1.7%. In hydrodistillation, the specific gravity of P.heyneanus is 0.946 – 0.954 gr/ml (310C), whereas in the water-steam distillation method the refractive index can only be measured on leaves of 0.965 gr/ml (310C). In the water distillation method, the refractive index value of Javanese Patchouli (P.heyneanus) ranges from 1.500 – 1.504, while in the water–steam distillation the refractive index value ranges from 1.503 – 1.507. The main components present in Java Patchouli essential oil which can be identified through gas chromatography and mass spectrometry are α-pinene, β-pinene, caryophyllene, and patchouli alcohol. Of these four components, the content of patchouli alcohol is the highest in patchouli oil. The percentage of area in the leaves for all components is the largest, then the stem-leaf mixture and the smallest is the stem.Indonesia merupakan salah satu penghasil minyak nilam terbesar di dunia. Komoditas ekspor dari minyak atsiri nilam mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi dan mendatangkan devisa negara. Pemanfaatan minyak nilam dibutuhkan secara kontinyu dalam industri farmasi, kosmetik, parfum, aroma terapi, dan lain-lain. Selama ini perkembangan proses produksi minyak nilam tidak banyak mengalami perubahan. Adanya tuntutan pasar saat ini tentang kualitas cenderung meningkat, dan industri minyak nilam di Indonesia harus mampu mengikuti keinginan pasar tersebut. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penelitian tentang minyak atsiri dari Nilam Jawa (Pogostemon heyneanus) dengan metode distilasi air dan distilasi air – uap untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas. Bagian nilam yang digunakan adalah batang dan daun. Lama waktu distilasi adalah 6 jam dan temperatur distilasi dipertahankan pada 1000C, dengan menggunakan heating mantle. Kemudian, analisa mutu minyak nilam dilakukan dengan kromatografi gas dan spektrometri massa. Selanjutnya, hasil yang didapatkan adalah rendemen minyak yang paling banyak didapatkan pada daun, baik dengan metode distilasi air sebesar 1,64 %, maupun dengan metode distilasi air-uap sebesar 1,7 %. Pada distilasi air, massa jenis P.heyneanus sebesar 0,946 – 0,954 gr/ml (310C), sedangkan pada metode distilasi air-uap memiliki indeks biasnya hanya dapat terukur pada daun, yaitu sebesar 0,965 gr/ml (310C). Pada metode distilasi air, nilai indeks bias Nilam Jawa (P.heyneanus) berkisar antara 1,500 – 1,504, sedangkan pada distilasi air – uap mempunyai nilai indeks biasnya berkisar antara 1,503 – 1,507. Komponen pokok yang terdapat pada minyak atsiri Nilam Jawa yang dapat teridentifikasi melalui gas kromatografi dan spektrometri massa adalah α-pinene, β-pinene, caryophyllene, dan patchouli alkohol. Dari keempat komponen ini, kadar patchouli alkohol adalah paling tinggi pada minyak nilam. Persentase area pada daun untuk semua komponen adalah yang terbesar, kemudian campuran batang – daun dan yang paling kecil adalah batang

Utilization of Coffee Silverskin as Natural Antimicrobial in Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria

The research aims (1) to analyze the antimicrobial inhibition of waste ofcoffee beans (coffee silverskin) from Staphylococcus aureus; (2) Studying thecharacteristics of antimicrobial activity of coffee bean epidermis in Staphylococcusaureus bacteria and (3) Determining the exact concentration of antimicrobial waste ofcoffee beans from coffee beans (coffee silverskin ) on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.The research method used was an experimental method, which is to conductantimicrobial experiments on coffee silverskin. The design used is CompletelyRandomized Design (CRD) 1 factor, which as a treatment is silverskin coffee extractconsisting of 4 levels of treatment namely 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The parametersobserved in this study were antimicrobial inhibition, antimicrobial characteristics ofcoffee silverskin, and the best antimicrobial concentration of coffee silverskin. Basedon research results that Robusta coffee bean extract can inhibit Staphylococcus aureusbacteria. The antibacterial activity of Robusta coffee bean extract with a concentrationof 75% resulted in an inhibition zone diameter greater than other concentrations of1.22 mm

STORABILITY ANALYSIS OF KLEPON SWEET POTATO FROZEN ANALISIS DAYA SIMPAN PRODUK KLEPON UBI JALAR BEKU

Klepon merupakan makanan tradisional yang saat ini sudah mulai kehilangan penggemarnya. Produk klepon sangat mudah sekali mengalami pembusukkan sehingga diperlukan metode penyimpanan yang baik hingga konsumen dapat mengkonsumsi kapanpun. Metode pembekuan atau frozen food mampu menghambat proses pembusukkan makanan. Hal ini dapat dikontrol dengan pengujian kadar air dan uji mikrobiologi. Berdasarkan uji mikrobiologi produk klepon beku dapat bertahan hingga 14 hari penyimpanan dalam lemari pendingin. Begitu pula dengan nilai kadar air produk klepon beku sebesar 50%, nilai yang sama dengan produk klepon tanpa pembekuan. Produk klepon ubi jalar beku dapat dikonsumsi kembali dengan cara direbus ulang dan tidak mengurangi rasa serta tekstur produk klepon baik sebelum atau sesudah proses pembekuan.Kata kunci : kleopon, ubi jalar, daya simpa

PENGARUH SENYAWA ANTIOKSIDAN DALAM PEMBUATAN KLEPON UBI JALAR

THE EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS IN SWEET POTATO KLEPON PRODUCTAntioxidants have recently become a widely promoted compound. Free radicals are molecules produced when the body gets damaged food or exposure to unhealthy environments such as tobacco smoke and radiation. Light-skinned fruits and vegetables with distinctive colors such as purple sweet potato, yellow sweet potato, red tomatoes, purple blueberries, yellow corn and orange carrots, are rich in antioxidants. Sweet potatoes are known to have high antioxidants. In addition, sweet potatoes are divided into three types based on differences in color, namely white sweet potato, yellow sweet potato, and purple sweet potato. In the research carried out the addition of three types of sweet potatoes in making klepon. The addition of sweet potato affects the color of the klepon product. Antioxidant compounds contained in sweet potatoes, become inactive again when processed into klepon products. This can be seen from the percentage inhibition value which is smaller than the value of control inhibition (ascorbic acid). So that antioxidant compounds only give color to the klepon product, while the antioxidant benefits have been reduced because of the processing in processing of the product. Keywords:   potato, compounds, antioxidant Antioksidan belakangan ini menjadi senyawa yang mulai banyak dipromosikan. Radikal bebas adalah molekul yang diproduksi ketika tubuh mendapatkan makanan yang rusak atau paparan lingkungan yang tidak sehat seperti asap tembakau dan radiasi. Buah dan sayuran yang berkulit terang dengan warna khas seperti ubi jalar ungu, ubi jalar kuning, tomat merah, blueberry ungu, jagung kuning dan wortel orange, kaya akan akan kandungan antioksidan. Ubi jalar diketahui memiliki  antioksidan yang tinggi. Selain itu, ubi jalar terbagi menjadi tiga jenis berdasarkan perbedaan warnanya, yaitu ubi jalar putih, ubi jalar kuning, dan ubi jalar ungu. Pada penelitian dilakukan penambahan tiga jenis ubi jalar pada pembuatan klepon. Penambahan ubi jalar ini mempengaruhi warna pada produk klepon. Senyawa antioksidan yang terkandung dalam ubi jalar, menjadi tidak aktif kembali ketika diolah menjadi produk klepon. Hal ini terlihat dari nilai persen penghambatan yang lebih kecil dari nilai penghambatan kontrol (asam askorbat). Sehingga senyawa antioksidan hanya memberikan warna terhadap produk klepon, sedangkan manfaat antioksidannya sudah berkurang karena proses pengolahan dalam pembuatan produk. Kata Kunci:    Kentang, senyawa, antioksida

Analisis limbah pertanian kelapa sebagai adsorben dalam penurunan total padatan pada geywater

Agiculture waste is an unused by-product from the remnants of agicultural activities. The Impact of agiculture waste is becoming a substance contaminant that can disturb life biotic as well as become a source of disease. Agiculture waste is divided into three goups: waste agiculture pre-harvest, waste agiculture at the moment harvest, and waste agiculture post-harvest. Handling agiculture waste could be conducted by manipulating waste that becomes a product-appropriate use. Agiculture waste that can be utilized is shell coconut waste. Shell coconut waste could be made adsorbent in reducing solids pollutants in geywater. This study used a continuous adsorption column method with adsorbent media engineered from shell coconut waste. So that it can be known the potential of shell coconut waste as an adsorbent in reducing total solids in geywater. Based on analysis using an adsorption test with an isotherm model, the adsorbent product from engineering waste shell coconut can remove 64% of solids suspended in geywater. The adsorption process of the solid suspended follows the Langmuir isotherm model, with capacity adsorption from an adsorbent of 0.0412 mg g-1. Adsorbent waste agicultural products can reduce total solids dissolved in geywater by 3.7%. Therefore, adsorbent products from agiculture waste could become alternative adsorption media in reducing solids pollutants in geywater

Industrial wastewater treatment using venture injector type Micro-bubble aeration as a reduction of dissolved Iron (Fe2+) levels

Water quality problems that are often encountered, especially by-product wastewater resulting from industrial processes that do not meet the requirements for wastewater quality standards. Iron levels in wastewater can cause the water to turn brownish yellow and produce an unpleasant odor, which of course has a big impact on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to implement a treatment process to reduce the iron level in the water, ensuring that the water is safe when discharged into the environment. The purpose of this research is to analyze the initial parameters of temperature, pH, TDS, TSS, dissolved oxygen (DO) and dissolved iron (Fe2+) in industrial waste water and then wanted to know whether the venture injector type micro bubble aeration process was able to increase the value of dissolved oxygen (DO) and decrease the dissolved iron content (Fe2+) in wastewater and to know the micro bubble type aeration process Venture injectors are the best to use. The research was conducted with an experimental design using a completely randomized design (RAL) with two factors: air flow (2 LPM, 4 LPM, and 6 LPM) and aeration time (0 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes), each with two repetitions. In the results of the initial parameter analysis, the pH value was 8.02 (alkaline), the temperature value was 28°C, the TDS value was 1548.3 mg/L, the TSS value was 291 mg/L, the DO value was 0.1 mg/L and dissolved iron (Fe2+) of 7.453 mg/L. After conducting research, it was found that the venture injector type micro bubble aeration process was able to increase the value of dissolved oxygen (DO) and reduce dissolved iron (Fe2+) in industrial waste water, the best increase in dissolved oxygen (DO) at 6 LPM air flow for 60 minutes was able to increase oxygen dissolved (DO) to 2.40 mg/L. The most efficient and effective reduction in the value of dissolved iron (Fe2+) at 6 LPM air flow with a time of 15 minutes was able to reduce the value of dissolved iron by 84.42%

PEMBERDAYAAN WARGA PONPES DARUL IMAN MELALUI KEGIATAN PEMANFAATAN TKKS MENJADI KOMPOS DI TANJUNG SARI NATAR LAMPUNG SELATAN

Salah satu produk tanaman kelapa sawit yang belum dimanfaatkan adalah tandan kosong kelapasawit (TKKS) yang jumlahnya setara Crude Palm Oil yang dihasilkan, yaitu 23 % dari tandah buahsegar. Pemanfaatan tandan kosong kelapa sawit yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan olehmasyarakat adalah sebagai media tanam jamur merang dan kompos untuk pupuk tanaman. Sebagianbesar masyarakat di sekitar Pondok Pesantren (Ponpes) merupakan petani yang membutuhkanpupuk untuk tanaman, dan selalu bergantung pada pupuk kimia.Tujuan kegiatan adalahmeningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan para petani di sekitar Ponpes Darul Iman Desa TanjungSari Kecamatan Natar untuk memanfaatkan tandan kosong kelapa sawit menjadi kompos dan pupukorganik cair dan aplikasinya pada budidaya pertanian. Kegiatan dengan jumlah peserta 20 orangdilakukan dengan metode learning by doing dengan tahapan sosialisasi, penyuluhan, demplot, danevaluasi. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan sebesar 76,25 %, danterjadi peningkatan keterampilan para peserta 100 % dari tidak terampil menjadi terampil mebuatkompos dan pupuk organik cair (POC) dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit bekas media jamur merang.Salah satu produk tanaman kelapa sawit yang belum dimanfaatkan adalah  tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) yang jumlahnya setara Crude Palm Oil yang dihasilkan, yaitu 23 % dari tandah buah segar. Pemanfaatan tandan kosong kelapa sawit yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan oleh masyarakat adalah sebagai media tanam jamur merang dan kompos untuk pupuk tanaman. Sebagian besar masyarakat di sekitar Pondok Pesantren (Ponpes) merupakan petani yang membutuhkan pupuk untuk tanaman, dan selalu bergantung pada pupuk kimia.Tujuan kegiatan adalah meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan para petani di sekitar Ponpes Darul Iman Desa Tanjung Sari Kecamatan Natar untuk memanfaatkan tandan kosong kelapa sawit menjadi kompos dan pupuk organik cair dan aplikasinya pada budidaya pertanian. Kegiatan dengan jumlah peserta 20 orang dilakukan dengan metode learning by doing dengan tahapan sosialisasi, penyuluhan, demplot, dan evaluasi. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan sebesar 76,25 %, dan terjadi peningkatan keterampilan para peserta 100 % dari tidak terampil menjadi terampil mebuat kompos dan pupuk organik cair (POC) dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit bekas media jamur merang

Isolasi dan identuifikasi senyawa flavonoid dari kayu akar tumbuhan artocarpus rigida [Skripsi] /

Bibliografi hal. 49-51rnAda CD-nyaiii, 51 hlm. : il. ; 30 cm. . -- Lamp. (5 lembar

a MODEL ISOTERM ADSORPSI LANGMUIR PADA ANALISIS DAYA SERAP IODIUM

Iodine absorption analysis is used as an analysis in determining the quality of the adsorbent before its application. This analysis is able to identify the maximum amount of adsorbate that can be bound by an adsorbent. In addition, data analysis of iodine absorption can also explain the mechanism of the adsorption process that takes place in an adsorbate through the adsorption isotherm model. So that it can be used as an initial analysis in the manufacture of synthetic adsorption media. In this study, it was found that the absorption value of iodine in the adsorbent increased with lower iodine concentrations. The lowest iodine concentration of 0.025 N can be absorbed the most with a value of 81%. Iodine absorption analysis data obtained is then represented through the Langmuir isotherm model. Based on experimental data the correlation coefficient (R2) in the Langmuir isotherm model has a value of R2 = 0.945. So this model can be used to explain the adsorption mechanism in the analysis of iodine absorption. Through this adsorption model, it can be seen the adsorption mechanism that takes place and the maximum capacity of the adsorbate that is adsorbed. Based on the Langmuir isotherm model, analysis of iodine absorption through the monolayer absorption mechanism. The adsorption mechanism that occurs is the adsorption rate which is proportional to the fraction of empty sites present on the carbon along with the concentration of iodine in the solution. Iodine can be adsorbed to a maximum of 0.58 mg g-1. In other words, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model can be used in the analysis of iodine uptake as a model that explains the maximum amount of bound adsorbate and the adsorption mechanism that takes place during the analysis.Analisis daya serap iodium dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu analisis dalam menentukan kualitas adsorben sebelum pengaplikasiannya. Analisis ini mampu mengidentifikasi jumlah adsorbat maksimal yang dapat diikat suatu adsorben. Selain itu, data analisis daya serap iodium dapat pula menjelaskan mekanisme proses adsorpsi yang berlangsung pada suatu adsorbat melalui model isotherm adsorpsi. Sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai analisis awal dalam pembuatan media adsorpsi sintesis. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh nilai serapan iodium pada adsorben semakin meningkat dengan semakin rendahnya konsentrasi iodium. Konsentrasi iodium paling rendah sebesar 0,025 N dapat terserap paling besar dengan nilai 81%. Data analisis daya serap iodium yang diperoleh  kemudian direpresentasikan melalui model isotherm Langmuir. Berdasarkan data eksperimen koefisien korelasi (R2) pada model isotherm Langmuir memiliki nilai R2 = 0,945. Sehingga model ini dapat digunakan untuk menjelaskan mekanisme adsorpsi pada analisis daya serap iodium. Melalui model adsorpsi ini, dapat diketahui mekanisme adorpsi yang berlangsung dan kapasitas maksimal adsorbat yang teradsopsi. Berdasarkan model isotherm Langmuir, analisis daya serap iodium melalui mekanisme penyerapan monolayer. Mekanisme adsorpsi yang terjadi adalah laju adsorpsi yang sebanding dengan fraksi situs kosong yang ada pada karbon bersama dengan konsentrasi iodium dalam larutan. Iodium dapat teradsorpsi maksimal sebesar sebesar 0,58 mg g-1. Dengan kata lain, model isotherm adsorpsi Langmuir dapat digunakan dalam analisis daya serap iodium sebagai model yang menjelaskan jumlah maksimal adsorbat yang terikat dan mekanisme adsorpsi yang berlangsung selama analisi