Person to Person in Costa Rica

While still in the midst of their study abroad experiences, students at Linfield College write reflective essays. Their essays address issues of cultural similarity and difference, compare lifestyles, mores, norms, and habits between their host countries and home, and examine changes in perceptions about their host countries and the United States. In this essay, Celeste Knopf describes her observations during her study abroad program at Centro Cultural e Histórico José Figueres Ferrer, in San Ramón, Costa Rica

Survey of Predators Associated With European Red Mite (\u3ci\u3ePanonychus Ulmi\u3c/i\u3e; Acari: Tetranychidae) in Ohio Apple Orchards

A survey was conducted to identify the types and relative abundance of predatory arthropods associated with Panonychus ulmi in 21 Ohio apple orchards. Mite populations were sampled by leaf brushing, and insects and spiders were sampled by limb jarring. A state-wide survey was conducted in early July and in late August 1992, and five blocks were evaluated periodically from May until August 1992 at one farm in central Ohio. Predatory mites were detected in only 27% of the blocks surveyed in early July, but in 74% of the blocks surveyed in late August. The ratio of predatory mites to motile P. ulmi was ~0.1 in 20% of blocks in July and in 26% of blocks in August. In commer­cial orchards, the predominant species was Neoseiulus (Amblyseius) fallacis (Acari: Phytoseiidae), but Agistemus fleschneri (Acari: Stigmaeidae) and Zetzellia mali (Acari: Stigmaeidae) were found in several blocks. In orchards monitored throughout the season, N. fallacis was rarely detected until July, and reached the highest density in August when P. ulmi was at a seasonal peak. Important predators of P. ulmi that were detected in limb-jarring samples were Stethorus punctum punctum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), the black hunter thrips (Leptothrips mali; Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), and the insidious flower bug (Orius insidiosus; Heteroptera: Anthocoridae). No regional differences were observed in types of predatory mites or insects; the same types were found in all parts of Ohio

Beyond The Myth: The Truth About Le Quattro Giornate di Napoli

The thesis discusses the myth behind the resistance movement, commonly known as the \u27Four Days\u27, focusing on the \u27scugnizzi\u27, women and communists. It then debunks the various aspects of the myth and gives a factual account of what occurred during September 28th - October 1st 1943

Some Considerations about Pain in the Child that was Born Premature

Every single child born before completing the 37 weeks of gestational age (GA) is considered by major organizations such as UNICEF [1] and OMS [2] as premature. Because of their in maturity, these infants must face at the early beginnings of their lives hospitalization in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) which will take longer or lesser depending on their GA when born, their weight and their overall health condition. In that Unit they will undergo several interventions to make a diagnosis and treatments in pursuit of an adequate and soon recovery, and therefore get ready to be discharged and return home.Fil: Gómez, María Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Psicología Matemática y Experimental Dr. Horacio J. A. Rimoldi; Argentin

Steric Effects of Alkyl Ammonium Salts on the Combustion of Exchanged Smectite Clays

Bomb calorimetry was explored as a new method for determining the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of clays. Smectite clays were modified with several alkyl ammonium salts varying in number of carbons and the spatial orientation of the carbons about the central nitrogen atom. The clays used, standards purchased from the Source Clay Repository, have CECs of 44, 80, 88, and 120 meq/100 g. Theoretically, the combustion energy of the organo-clays should be approximately the same for each salt. Any differences in energy would be due to the different structures of the salts and how they are oriented in the interlamellar region of the clay. The number of alkyl ammonium salts that bind to the negatively charged sites in the clay layers would represent the CEC of the clay. The orientation of the organic cation in the interlamellar region was examined using x-ray powder diffraction, which provides the spacing between the clay layers. The combustion energy data collected using bomb calorimetry was used to calculate the CEC of the clay by comparing the energy from the pure salts to determine the number of salt molecules intercalated into the clay. Since the pure salt and the clay have a one-to-one charge ratio, the number of salt molecules will directly represent the number of negatively charged sites on the clay which is the CEC of the clay

Green printing technologies versus traditional printing technologies in sheet-fed offset lithography

This experimental study compares green printing technologies (ink and stock) to traditional printing technologies (ink and stock) regarding how they compare in quality. The quality was measured using the print characteristics of gray balance and dot gain. A comparison of the two independent variables (ink and stock) was conducted to determine if a difference exists for the selected characteristics. It has been suggested that the green technologies, despite being more environmentally friendly, are not as high in quality and therefore result in a lower quality printed piece. This research used a four-color test form that was printed using both the green and traditional technologies. The characteristics were measured using an X-rite 528 spectrodensitometer, after which the data were analyzed and conclusions reported. The results of the study suggest that there is no practical significance between the different inks and stocks employed in this study. It was determined however that the best print quality in terms of dot gain (meaning the least amount of dot gain) resulted from the combination of green technologies (ink and paper).Department of TechnologyThesis (M.A.

Race, Sex, and Redemption in Monster\u27s Ball

In this paper, we explore the way that interracial relationships between blacks and whites come to be represented as problematic for mainstream audiences. By looking specifically at the film Monster\u27s Ball (2001), we examine how race is used to identify and characterize our culture\u27s standard protagonist, the white male, and at how white male sexuality is constructed through the black female. Particularly striking in this film is how the social and institutional structures that create and reiterate problems of race are used to characterize the movie\u27s central protagonists, yet then evaded and submerged in the discourse of romance

The nutrition and growth of lambs reared artificially with or without meal : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Animal Science at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand.

Content removed from thesis due to copyright reasons: figure 1.1 (page 14). FAO (2011) Rearing young ruminants on milk replacers and starter feeds, Rome, FAO Animal Production and Health Manual No. 13. http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/i2439e/i2439e00.pdf ; figure 1.2 (page 24). Lane, M., Baldwin, R. L. & Jesse, B. (2000) Sheep rumen metabolic development in response to age and dietary treatments. Journal of Animal Science, 78, 1990-1996. https://www.animalsciencepublications.org/publications/jas/articles/78/7/1990 ; figure 1.3 (page 34). Bimczok, D., Rohl, F. W. & Ganter, M. (2005) Evaluation of lamb performance and costs in motherless rearing of German Grey Heath sheep under field conditions using automatic feeding systems. Small Ruminant Research, 60(3), 255-265. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921448805000027Artificial rearing is routinely used in large-scale dairy sheep farms. One approach is to offer milk replacer (MR) and meal ad libitum to lambs. The aim was to evaluate the growth of female lambs in the first 12 weeks of rearing with (M) and without (NM) grain-based meal access (n=30/group) during four feeding periods. In period 1 (week 0-3), lambs were offered MR and meal ad libitum, and in period 2 (week 4-5) were transitioned outdoors onto pasture with continued access to MR and meal. Lambs were weaned off MR in period 3 (week 6-10), and meal in period 4 (week 10-12). The NM lambs received identical management, but meal was excluded. A treatment-by-time interaction was found whereby NM lambs had lower average daily gain (ADG) (P0.05), and higher ADG in period 4 (157±18 vs. -55±18 g/d, P<0.05) than M lambs. These results indicate that when lambs fed MR ad libitum are offered unrestricted access to good-quality pasture before weaning, meal may not be required to achieve a similar live weight at 12 weeks of age. Data from the aforementioned experiment were further investigated by week to allow investigations of the relationship between nutrient intake and growth, describe variation in ADG in relation to environmental and feeding transitions, and to estimate pasture intakes, which were not measured. The different feeding transitions, nutrient intakes, and feeds were most likely causing the differences in ADG that occurred between treatment groups and weeks. The greatest variation in ADG of lambs occurred in the M lambs after meal weaning, which was likely due to a poor adaption to a pasture-only diet. Pasture intakes were estimated by calculating lamb requirements for maintenance and growth from actual ADG and live-weight measurements, assuming that pasture intake made up the difference between actual intakes and theoretical intakes. It was found there were significant differences in estimated pasture intakes between M and NM lambs (P<0.0001) and intakes changed over weeks. In weeks seven, eight, and nine, M lambs were estimated to not consume any pasture, due to a high intake of meal, to achieve the observed growth rates. However, NM lambs consumed pasture over these weeks as pasture was their only feed source. These results allow speculation that pasture intake was very low in M lambs before meal was removed. It has been previously reported that high meal intakes when combined with low roughage intake can negatively impact rumen health and development, and transitioning from high meal to high roughage diets requires alterations in the ruminal microbe population and fermentation. The estimated low pasture intake before meal weaning, combined with the high meal intake recorded, may have contributed to the growth check that occurred once meal was removed, as lambs required a period to adapt to the pasture diet, as their rumen underwent the changes associated with transitioning between these diets. Further investigation into differences in pasture intake between lambs reared with and without meal, and more evidence as to what caused the growth check after meal weaning may allow further optimisation of different lamb-rearing systems