Influencia de las Condiciones de Borde para Modelos de Simulación del Campo de Viento y Dispersión Aérea de Substancias Químicas

Las emisiones antrópicas de compuestos químicos en la atmósfera son la principal causante de enfermedades respiratorias en la población que habita en lugares cercanos a fábricas o parques industriales, zonas densamente urbanizadas y basurales a cielo abierto. Las condiciones meteorológicas pueden favorecer o impedir la dispersión de estos compuestos en el aire por lo que es necesario fijar umbrales de emisión en función de estas condiciones. Los modelos de simulación del campo de viento y dispersión de gases en la atmósfera son una excelente herramienta para obtener los valores de concentración de especies químicas para diferentes condiciones meteorológicas. De todas formas, si se desean realizar simulaciones en períodos largos de tiempo, es necesario tener en cuenta los cambios de las condiciones meteorológicas externas al área de estudio. Este trabajo muestra los errores que pueden cometerse si no se consideran los cambios en las condiciones de borde externas comparando los resultados de la simulación numérica del campo de viento y temperatura con datos medidos por tres estaciones meteorológicas en dos niveles de altura. Se muestran también los resultados de los niveles de concentración de gases a nivel de respiración provenientes de una chimenea que fueron simulados por el modeloAnthropogenic emissions of chemical compounds in the atmosphere are the main cause of respiratory disease in the population living in places near factories or industrial parks, densely urbanized areas and open dumps. Weather conditions can facilitate or prevent the spread of these compounds in the air so it is necessary to set emission thresholds depending on these conditions. Simulation models of the wind field and dispersion of gases in the atmosphere are an excellent tool for concentration values of chemical species for different weather conditions. However, for simulations over long periods of time, it is necessary to consider the changes of the weather outside the study area. This work shows the errors of the wind and temperature simulation if not considered changes in external boundary conditions. We compare the results of the numerical simulation of the wind field and temperature data measured by three meteorological stations in two heights. It also shows the simulation results of the gas concentration values to match human breath were emitted from a smokestack.Fil: Aguirre, Cesar Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Entre Rios. Facultad de Cs.agropecuarias; Argentina;Fil: Berri, Guillermo Jorge. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorologico Nacional; Argentina;Fil: Brizuela, Armando Benito. Universidad Nacional de Entre Rios. Facultad de Cs.agropecuarias; Argentina;Fil: Kemerer, Alejandra Cecilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Entre Rios. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná. Grupo de Recursos Naturales y Factores Abioticos; Argentina;Fil: Toffoli, Maria Betiana. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina;Fil: Orcellet, Emiliana Elisabet. Universidad Nacional de Entre Rios; Argentina

Genome sequence of Azospirillum brasilense REC3, isolated from strawberry plants

The genome sequence of a plant growth-promoting bacterium and biocontrol agent, Azospirillum brasilense REC3, isolated from strawberry roots, is reported here. The A. brasilense REC3 total genome contains 7,229,924 bp and has a G C content of 68.7 mol%.EEA FamailláFil: Fontana, Cecilia Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Salazar, Sergio Miguel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Bassi, Daniela. Università Cattolica del Saco Cuore. Istituto di Microbiologia; ItaliaFil: Puglisi, Edoardo. Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Centro Ricerche Biotecnologiche. Istituto di Microbiologia; ItaliaFil: Lovaisa, Nadia. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Toffoli, Lucia Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Pedraza, Raúl Osvaldo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Cocconcelli, Pier Sandro. Università Cattolica del Saco Cuore. Istituto di Microbiologia; Itali

Natural occurrence of Azospirillum brasilense in petunia with capacity to improve plant growth and flowering

To evaluate the natural occurrence of the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense and petunia plants, local strains were isolated and characterized by biochemical and molecular methods. Three strains were assessed in greenhouse conditions using Petunia × hybrida Ultra™. Treatments: Plants without bacterial inoculation or chemical fertilization; fertilized with NPK and KNO3; and independently inoculated with the strains 2A1, 2A2, and 2E1 by submerging their roots in a bacterial suspension (~106 CFU·ml−1). Root length, dry weight of roots and shoots, leaf area, leaf greenness, and nutrient content were evaluated. The number of days from transplanting to the opening of the first flower and the number of flowers per plant were also determined. As a result, five isolates were characterized as A. brasilense, showing the capacity to produce indoles and siderophores, to solubilize phosphate, nitrogenase activity, and nifH-PCR amplification. In general, all the parameters of the plant assay were improved in plants inoculated with A. brasilense, with variations among the strains, as well as the onset of flowering and the number of flowers per plant, compared with uninoculated or fertilized plants. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of A. brasilense in petunia with the capacity to improve plant growth and flowering.EEA FamailláFil: Toffoli, Lucia Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Martinez Zamora, Martin Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Martinez Zamora, Martin Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Medrano, Norma Nelly. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Fontana, Cecilia Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Lovaisa, Nadia Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentina.Fil: Delaporte Quintana, Paola Adriana Georgina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Elías, J. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Salazar, Sergio Miguel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Salazar, Sergio Miguel. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Pedraza, Raúl Osvaldo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentin

Natural occurrence of Azospirillum brasilense

To evaluate the natural occurrence of the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense and petunia plants, local strains were isolated and characterized by biochemical and molecular methods. Three strains were assessed in greenhouse conditions using Petunia × hybrida Ultra™. Treatments: Plants without bacterial inoculation or chemical fertilization; fertilized with NPK and KNO3; and independently inoculated with the strains 2A1, 2A2, and 2E1 by submerging their roots in a bacterial suspension (~106 CFU·ml−1). Root length, dry weight of roots and shoots, leaf area, leaf greenness, and nutrient content were evaluated. The number of days from transplanting to the opening of the first flower and the number of flowers per plant were also determined. As a result, five isolates were characterized as A. brasilense, showing the capacity to produce indoles and siderophores, to solubilize phosphate, nitrogenase activity, and nifH-PCR amplification. In general, all the parameters of the plant assay were improved in plants inoculated with A. brasilense, with variations among the strains, as well as the onset of flowering and the number of flowers per plant, compared with uninoculated or fertilized plants. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of A. brasilense in petunia with the capacity to improve plant growth and flowering.EEA FamailláFil: Toffoli, Lucia Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Martinez Zamora, Martin Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Martinez Zamora, Martin Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Medrano, Norma Nelly. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Fontana, Cecilia Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Lovaisa, Nadia Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentina.Fil: Delaporte Quintana, Paola Adriana Georgina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Elías, J. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Salazar, Sergio Miguel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; ArgentinaFil: Salazar, Sergio Miguel. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Pedraza, Raúl Osvaldo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; Argentin

DPYD*6 plays an important role in fluoropyrimidine toxicity in addition to DPYD*2A and c.2846A>T: a comprehensive analysis in 1254 patients

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) is a highly polymorphic gene and classic deficient variants (i.e., c.1236G>A/HapB3, c.1679T>G, c.1905+1G>A and c.2846A>T) are characterized by impaired enzyme activity and risk of severe adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients treated with fluoropyrimidines. The identification of poor metabolizers by pre-emptive DPYD screening may reduce the rate of ADRs but many patients with wild-type genotype for classic variants may still display ADRs. Therefore, the search for additional DPYD polymorphisms associated with ADRs may improve the safety of treatment with fluoropyrimidines. This study included 1254 patients treated with fluoropyrimidine-containing regimens and divided into cohort 1, which included 982 subjects suffering from gastrointestinal G≥2 and/or hematological G≥3 ADRs, and cohort 2 (control group), which comprised 272 subjects not requiring dose reduction, delay or discontinuation of treatment. Both groups were screened for DPYD variants c.496A>G, c.1236G>A/HapB3, c.1601G>A (DPYD*4), c.1627A>G (DPYD*5), c.1679T>G (DPYD*13), c.1896T>C, c.1905 + 1G>A (DPYD*2A), c.2194G>A (DPYD*6), and c.2846A>T to assess their association with toxicity. Genetic analysis in the two cohorts were done by Real-Time PCR of DNA extracted from 3 ml of whole blood. DPYD c.496A>G, c.1601G>A, c.1627A>G, c.1896T>C, and c.2194G>A variants were found in both cohort 1 and 2, while c.1905+1G>A and c.2846A>T were present only in cohort 1. DPYD c.1679T>G and c.1236G>A/HapB3 were not found. Univariate analysis allowed the selection of c.1905+1G>A, c.2194G>A and c.2846A>T alleles as significantly associated with gastrointestinal and hematological ADRs (p < 0.05), while the c.496A>G variant showed a positive trend of association with neutropenia (p = 0.06). In conclusion, c.2194G>A is associated with clinically-relevant ADRs in addition to the already known c.1905+1G>A and c.2846A>T variants and should be evaluated pre-emptively to reduce the risk of fluoropyrimidine-associated ADRs