Prevalence of self-reported lifetime medical diagnosis of depression in Brazil : analysis of data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of and factors associated with the lifetime medical diagnosis of depression in Brazil. Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study. Setting: Analysis of data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. Participants: 90 846 individuals aged ≥15 years were included. Outcome measure: The self-reported medical diagnosis of depression at some point in one’s life was the main outcome. Prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% CIs were calculated by Poisson regression with robust variance. The independent variables included the geographical area of residence, sociodemographic characteristics, current smoking status, alcohol abuse, daily screen time, and the presence of physical disorders and mental health comorbidities. Results: The self-reported lifetime prevalence of medical diagnosis of depression was 9.9% (95% CI 9.5% to 10.2%). The probability of having received a medical diagnosis of depression was higher among urban residents (PR 1.23; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.35); females (2.75; 2.52 to 2.99); those aged 20–29 years (1.17; 0.91 to 1.51), 30–39 years (1.73; 1.36 to 2.19), 40–49 years (2.30; 1.81 to 2.91), 50–59 years (2.32; 1.84 to 2.93) and 60–69 years (2.27; 1.78 to 2.90) compared with those under 20 years; white-skinned people (0.69 (0.61 to 0.78) for black-skinned people and 0.74 (0.69 to 0.80) for indigenous, yellow and brown-skinned people compared with white-skinned people); those with fewer years of education (1.33(1.12 to 1.58) among those with 9–11 years, 1.14 (0.96 to 1.34) among those with 1–8 years and 1.29 (1.11 to 1.50) among those with 0 years compared with those with ≥12 years of education); those who were separated/ divorced (1.43; 1.29 to 1.59), widowed (1.06; 0.95 to 1.19) and single (1.01; 0.93 to 1.10) compared with married people; smokers (1.26; 1.14 to 1.38); heavy screen users (1.31; 1.16 to 1.48) compared with those whose usage was <6 hours/day; those with a medical diagnosis of a physical disorder (1.80; 1.67 to 1.97); and individuals with a medical diagnosis of a mental health comorbidity (5.05; 4.68 to 5.46). Conclusion: This nationwide population-based study of self-reported lifetime medical diagnosis of depression in Brazil showed that the prevalence was almost 10%. Considering the current Brazilian population, this prevalence corresponds to more than 2 million people who have been diagnosed with depression at some point in their lives

Satisfação no trabalho da equipe de enfermagem: revisão integrativa

Job satisfaction consists of a feeling of wellbeing, resulting from the interaction of several occupational aspects, and may influence the worker's relationship with the organization, clients and family. Hence, it becomes important for the quality of nursing care to reflect on this topic in depth. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the scientific evidence related to job satisfaction in Brazilian nursing. An integrative literature review was carried out in the databases LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF and Cochrane Library, totaling 17 publications, categorized in: Job Satisfaction, Job Dissatisfaction and Associated Factors. It was concluded that job satisfaction is determined by a complex network of factors and may vary depending on the group studied. Additional research, particularly of evidence level III in different nursing fields, covering all of Brazil, is necessary to support the implementation of occupational improvements.La satisfacción en el trabajo consiste en un sentimiento de bienestar resultante de la interacción de varios aspectos ocupacionales, pudiendo influenciar la relación del trabajador con la organización, clientes y familia. Es importante para la calidad de la asistencia de enfermería realizar una reflexión profunda sobre este tema, por eso se objetivó en este estudio analizar las evidencias científicas referentes a la satisfacción en el trabajo del equipo de enfermería brasileño. Se trató de una revisión integradora de la literatura en las bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF y Biblioteca Cochrane, totalizando 17 publicaciones categorizadas en: Satisfacción en el Trabajo, Insatisfacción en el Trabajo y Factores Asociados. Se concluyó que la satisfacción en el trabajo es determinada por una red compleja de factores, pudiendo variar conforme el grupo estudiado. Investigaciones adicionales, especialmente con niveles de evidencias III, en diferentes campos de actuación de la enfermería, abarcando todo el Brasil, son necesarias para subsidiar la implantación de mejorías ocupacionales.A satisfação no trabalho consiste em sentimento de bem-estar. resultante da interação de vários aspectos ocupacionais, podendo influenciar a relação do trabalhador com a organização, clientes e família. Torna-se importante, para a qualidade da assistência de enfermagem, reflexão aprofundada sobre esse tema, e, por isso, objetivou-se neste estudo analisar as evidências científicas referentes à satisfação no trabalho da equipe de enfermagem brasileira. Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF e Biblioteca Cochrane, totalizando 17 publicações categorizadas em: satisfação no trabalho, insatisfação no trabalho e fatores associados. Conclui-se que a satisfação no trabalho é determinada por rede complexa de fatores, podendo variar conforme o grupo estudado. Pesquisas adicionais, especialmente com níveis de evidências III, em diferentes campos de atuação da enfermagem, abrangendo todo Brasil, são necessárias para subsidiar a implantação de melhorias ocupacionais

Genomic insights into the versatility of the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum amazonense

14 páginas.-- 8 figuras.-- 80 referencias.-- 4 ficheros adicionales con 4 tablas en http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/12/409/additionalBackground: The species Azospirillum amazonense belongs to a well-known genus of plant growth-promoting bacteria. This bacterium is found in association with several crops of economic importance; however, there is a lack of information on its physiology. In this work, we present a comprehensive analysis of the genomic features of this species. Results: Genes of A. amazonense related to nitrogen/carbon metabolism, energy production, phytohormone production, transport, quorum sensing, antibiotic resistance, chemotaxis/motility and bacteriophytochrome biosynthesis were identified. Noteworthy genes were the nitrogen fixation genes and the nitrilase gene, which could be directly implicated in plant growth promotion, and the carbon fixation genes, which had previously been poorly investigated in this genus. One important finding was that some A. amazonense genes, like the nitrogenase genes and RubisCO genes, were closer phylogenetically to Rhizobiales members than to species of its own order. Conclusion: The species A. amazonense presents a versatile repertoire of genes crucial for its plant-associated lifestyle.This work was supported by grants from the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq) and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS). FHS, RC, LAR and FMS received scholarships from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).Peer reviewe

Soil organic carbon in an integrated crop-livestock system under different grazing intensities

An integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS) under no-till may be an effective tool to promote soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation. However, it is not yet clear how pasture management affects SOC accumulation. In this study, we assessed the effect of grazing intensity (10, 20, 30, and 40 cm of sward height and no grazing) on SOC and coefficients of soil organic matter dynamics and used them in a simulation of SOC sequestration in a 0-20 cm soil layer. The overall study was conducted on a subtropical rhodic hapludox from southern Brazil managed as a no-till integrated soybean-beef cattle system for 13 yr. SOC sequestration rates ranged from 0.097 Mg ha −1 yr −1 with a pasture sward height of 10 cm to 0.308 Mg ha −1 yr −1 with one of 40 cm. Simulations revealed a higher potential of the soil for C sequestration with a moderate (30 cm) or low (40 cm) grazing intensity. Although the ICLS under no-till led to a positive carbon balance irrespective of grazing intensity, the simulation of temporal evolution of SOC stocks over time revealed a higher potential for SOC accumulation with the less intensive grazing treatments than with the more intensive ones

A problemática do cuidador familiar do portador de acidente vascular cerebral La problemática del cuidador familiar con el portador de accidente cerebral vascular The problematic aspects of the family caregiver of people who suffered strokes

Objetivou-se identificar a problemática da família de pessoas acometidas de acidente vascular cerebral hospitalizadas e discutir as dificuldades do cuidador familiar para o cuidado no âmbito domiciliar. A amostra constou de 154 famílias de pacientes internados em um hospital da rede pública de saúde, Fortaleza-CE. Conforme os resultados denotam, a maioria dos cuidadores são mulheres, 104 (67,5%); 122 casos (79,2%) apresentam comprometimento familiar e alterações na vida diária em 115 dos acompanhantes (74,7%); 150 (97,4%) não receberam orientações acerca dos cuidados, mas 143 (92,9%) sentem-se seguros para acompanhá-los. O sentimento predominante foi a tristeza, 125 (81,2%), e as dúvidas principais foram: alimentação, 64 (41,6%), administração de medicamentos, 49 (29,9%), e possíveis complicações clínicas após a alta, 49 (29,9%). Estes resultados alertam para o papel do enfermeiro como educador, não somente na prevenção das doenças crônico-degenerativas, mas, também, na orientação aos cuidadores familiares sobre os cuidados dispensados após a alta hospitalar.<br>El objetivo fue identificar la problemática de la familia de personas acometidas de accidente vascular cerebral hospitalizadas y discutir las dificultades del cuidador familiar en el ámbito domiciliar. La muestra fue constituida por 154 familias de pacientes internados en un hospital de la red pública de salud, en Fortaleza, CE. Conforme los resultados denotan, la mayoría de los cuidadores son mujeres, 104 (67,5%), 122 casos (79,2%) presentan comprometimiento familiar y alteraciones en la vida diaria en 115 de los acompañantes (74,7%); 150 (97,4%) no recibieron orientaciones acerca de los cuidados; sin embargo 143 (92,9%) se sienten seguros para acompañarlos. El sentimiento predominante fue la tristeza, 125 (81,2%), y las dudas principales fueron: alimentación, 64 (41,6%), administración de medicamentos, 49 (29,9%), y posibles complicaciones clínicas después del alta hospitalaria, 49 (29,9%). Estos resultados alertan sobre el papel del enfermero como educador, en la prevención de las enfermedades crónico degenerativas, y también la orientación dada a los cuidadores familiares sobre los cuidados a ser realizados después del alta hospitalaria.<br>The purpose of this study was to identify the problematic aspects of the families of people who were hospitalized because of strokes, and discuss the difficulties of the family caregiver toward household care. The sample consisted of 154 families of patients admitted in a public hospital in Fortaleza, Ceará state, Brazil. The results showed that most caregivers are women, 104 (67.5%); 122 cases (79.2%) showed family commitment and changes in the daily life of 115 accompanying partners (74.7%); 150 (97.4%) were not instructed about the care, but 143 (92.9%) felt safe to provide care. The predominant feeling was sadness, in 125 (81.2%) of the subjects, and the main doubts were: eating habits, 64 (41.6%); administering medication, 49 (29.9%); and possible clinical complications after discharge, 49 (29.9%). These results are worth noting for the nurse's role as an educator, not only regarding the prevention of chronic-degenerative diseases, but also concerning delivering instructions to family caregivers about providing care after hospital discharge

Cuidador familiar de seqüelados de acidente vascular cerebral: significado e implicações Family caregiver of stroke sequel patients: meanings and implications

O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) está entre as principais causas de morte no mundo. Diante das incapacidades impostas pelo AVC, surge o cuidador familiar. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o significado e as implicações de se tornar cuidador de um indivíduo seqüelado de AVC. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado com cinco cuidadores, em Londrina-PR, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2005. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e submetidos à análise de discurso proposta por Martins e Bicudo. Da análise das entrevistas emergiram sete categorias: voltando-se para o Ser cuidado, descrevendo os cuidados, apresentando as mudanças, o apoio da espiritualidade, compreendendo o significado do cuidado, expressando as necessidades para cuidar e perspectivas para o futuro. Os resultados revelaram que ser cuidador familiar é um fenômeno complexo, que gera nos sujeitos sentimentos de alegria e felicidade concomitantes aos sentimentos de medo, ansiedade e revolta.<br>The brain vascular accident (BVA) is one of the main death causes worldwide. Due to the impairments imposed by the BVA, there is the family caregiver. This work aims to analyze the meaning and implications of being a caregiver of a stroke sequel person. It is a qualitative research, carried out with five caregivers in Londrina-PR, from August to December 2005. Data were collected in semi-structured interviews and were subjected to discourse analysis proposed by Martins and Bicudo. From the analysis of interviews seven categories arouse: turning to the being cared, describing care, presenting changes, spirituality support, understanding the meaning of care, expressing the needs to take care and future perspectives. Results revealed that being a family caregiver is a complex phenomenon, that creates in the subjects feelings of happiness and along with feelings of fear, anxiety and revolt

A hipertensão arterial e a família: a necessidade do cuidado familiar La hipertensión arterial y la familia: la necesidad del cuidado familiar Arterial hypertension in the family: the need for family care

O estudo, de caráter qualitativo, foi desenvolvido no período de março a julho de 2007, em Maringá - PR, com o objetivo de compreender a experiência da família com a hipertensão arterial (HA), utilizando a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados como referencial metodológico. Os informantes foram 14 famílias que convivem com diferentes estágios da HA. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas abertas. Os resultados revelaram que a participação da família é um importante fator para o tratamento e controle da doença, e que esta atuação é diferenciada quando o indivíduo apresenta alguma dependência. Se ocorre dependência, há sobrecarga do cuidador; quando esta não existe, a participação da família é esporádica, resumindo-se em auxiliá-lo no tratamento medicamentoso e acompanhá-lo em visitas ao médico. Em alguns casos, outros membros familiares apresentam mudanças de hábitos relacionadas à alimentação e à prática de atividades físicas. Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de uma assistência ao hipertenso centrada na família.<br>El estudio, de carácter cualitativo, fue desarrollado en el período de marzo a julio de 2007, en Maringá - PR, con el objetivo de comprender la experiencia de la familia con hipertensión arterial (HA). La Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos fue utilizada como marco metodológico. Los informantes fueron 14 familias que conviven con diferentes niveles de la HA. Los datos fueron obtenidos por medio de entrevistas abiertas. Los resultados revelaron que la participación de la familia constituye un importante factor para el tratamiento y control de la enfermedad y que esta actuación es diferenciada cuando el individuo presenta alguna dependencia. Si ocurre dependencia, aparece una sobrecarga para el cuidador; cuando esta no existe, la participación de la familia es esporádica, resumiéndose a auxiliarlo en el tratamiento medicamentoso y a acompañarlo en las visitas al médico. En algunos casos, otros miembros familiares presentan un cambio de hábitos, relacionados a la alimentación y a la práctica de actividades físicas. Los resultados refuerzan la necesidad de ofrecer una asistencia al hipertenso centrada en la familia.<br>This qualitative study was performed from March to July 2007 in the city of Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil, and aimed to understand the family's experience with arterial hypertension (AH), using Grounded Theory as the methodological framework. Informants were 14 families that live with different AH stages. The data were obtained through open interviews. The results showed that family participation is an important factor for disease treatment and control, and that this action is differentiated when individuals present some sort of dependence. If dependence occurs, there is caregiver overload; when dependence does not exist, family participation is sporadic, being limited to helping the patients in the drug treatment and accompanying them to the medical appointment. In some cases, other family members present habit changes relating to food and practicing physical activities. The results reinforce the need for family-centered hypertensive patient care