Eicosapentaenoic acid stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase and increases visfatin secretion in cultured murine adipocytes

Visfatin is an adipokine highly expressed in visceral AT (adipose tissue) of humans and rodents, the production of which seems to be dysregulated in excessive fat accumulation and conditions of insulin resistance. EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), an n−3 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid), has been demonstrated to exert beneficial effects in obesity and insulin resistance conditions, which have been further linked to its reported ability to modulate adipokine production by adipocytes. TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine whose production is increased in obesity and is involved in the development of insulin resistance. Control of adipokine production by some insulin-sensitizing compounds has been associated with the stimulation of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase). The aim of the present study was to examine in vitro the effects of EPA on visfatin production and the potential involvement of AMPK both in the absence or presence of TNF-α. Treatment with the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α (1 ng/ml) did not modify visfatin gene expression and protein secretion in primary cultured rat adipocytes. However, treatment of these primary adipocytes with EPA (200 μmol/l) for 24 h significantly increased visfatin secretion (P<0.001) and mRNA gene expression (P<0.05). Moreover, the stimulatory effect of EPA on visfatin secretion was prevented by treatment with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, but not with the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) inhibitor LY294002. Similar results were observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, EPA strongly stimulated AMPK phosphorylation alone or in combination with TNF-α in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and pre-adipocytes. The results of the present study suggest that the stimulatory action of EPA on visfatin production involves AMPK activation in adipocytes

Protective intraoperative ventilation with higher versus lower levels of positive end-expiratory pressure in obese patients (PROBESE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) increase the morbidity and mortality of surgery in obese patients. High levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with lung recruitment maneuvers may improve intraoperative respiratory function, but they can also compromise hemodynamics, and the effects on PPCs are uncertain. We hypothesized that intraoperative mechanical ventilation using high PEEP with periodic recruitment maneuvers, as compared with low PEEP without recruitment maneuvers, prevents PPCs in obese patients. Methods/design The PRotective Ventilation with Higher versus Lower PEEP during General Anesthesia for Surgery in OBESE Patients (PROBESE) study is a multicenter, two-arm, international randomized controlled trial. In total, 2013 obese patients with body mass index ≥35 kg/m2 scheduled for at least 2 h of surgery under general anesthesia and at intermediate to high risk for PPCs will be included. Patients are ventilated intraoperatively with a low tidal volume of 7 ml/kg (predicted body weight) and randomly assigned to PEEP of 12 cmH2O with lung recruitment maneuvers (high PEEP) or PEEP of 4 cmH2O without recruitment maneuvers (low PEEP). The occurrence of PPCs will be recorded as collapsed composite of single adverse pulmonary events and represents the primary endpoint. Discussion To our knowledge, the PROBESE trial is the first multicenter, international randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of two different levels of intraoperative PEEP during protective low tidal volume ventilation on PPCs in obese patients. The results of the PROBESE trial will support anesthesiologists in their decision to choose a certain PEEP level during general anesthesia for surgery in obese patients in an attempt to prevent PPCs. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02148692. Registered on 23 May 2014; last updated 7 June 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-1929-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Sensitivity of a tonne-scale NEXT detector for neutrinoless double-beta decay searches

[EN] The Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon TPC (NEXT) searches for the neutrinoless double-beta (0 nu beta beta) decay of Xe-136 using high-pressure xenon gas TPCs with electroluminescent amplification. A scaled-up version of this technology with about 1 tonne of enriched xenon could reach in less than 5 years of operation a sensitivity to the half-life of 0 nu beta beta decay better than 10(27) years, improving the current limits by at least one order of magnitude. This prediction is based on a well-understood background model dominated by radiogenic sources. The detector concept presented here represents a first step on a compelling path towards sensitivity to the parameter space defined by the inverted ordering of neutrino masses, and beyond.The NEXT Collaboration acknowledges support from the following agencies and institutions: the European Research Council (ERC) under the Advanced Grant 339787-NEXT; the European Union's Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (2014-2020) under the Grant Agreements No. 674896, 690575 and 740055; the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades of Spain under grants FIS2014-53371-C04, RTI2018-095979, the Severo Ochoa Program grants SEV-2014-0398 and CEX2018-000867-S, and the Maria de Maeztu Program MDM2016-0692; the Generalitat Valenciana of Spain under grants PROMETEO/2016/120 and SEJI/2017/011; the Portuguese FCT under project PTDC/FIS-NUC/2525/2014 and under projects UID/FIS/04559/2020 to fund the activities of LIBPhys-UC; the Pazy Foundation (Israel) under grants 877040 and 877041; the US Department of Energy under contracts number DE-AC02-06CH11357 (Argonne National Laboratory), DE-AC0207CH11359 (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory), DE-FG02-13ER42020 (Texas A&M) and DE-SC0019223/DE-SC0019054 (University of Texas at Arlington); and the University of Texas at Arlington. DGD acknowledges support from the Ramon y Cajal program (Spain) under contract number RYC-2015-18820. JM-A acknowledges support from Fundacion Bancaria la Caixa (ID 100010434), grant code LCF/BQ/PI19/11690012, and from the Plan GenT program of the Generalitat Valenciana, grant code CIDEGENT/2019/049. Finally, we are grateful to the Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc for hosting and supporting the NEXT experiment.Adams, C.; Alvarez, V.; Arazi, L.; Arnquist, I.; Azevedo, C.; Bailey, K.; Ballester Merelo, FJ.... (2021). Sensitivity of a tonne-scale NEXT detector for neutrinoless double-beta decay searches. Journal of High Energy Physics (Online). (8):1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2021)1641248S. Weinberg, Baryon and Lepton Nonconserving Processes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43 (1979) 1566 [INSPIRE].P. Minkowski, μ → eγ at a Rate of One Out of 109 Muon Decays?, Phys. Lett. B 67 (1977) 421 [INSPIRE].M. Gell-Mann, P. Ramond and R. Slansky, Complex Spinors and Unified Theories, Conf. Proc. C 790927 (1979) 315 [arXiv:1306.4669] [INSPIRE].T. Yanagida, Horizontal gauge symmetry and masses of neutrinos, Conf. Proc. C 7902131 (1979) 95 [INSPIRE].R.N. Mohapatra and G. Senjanović, Neutrino Mass and Spontaneous Parity Nonconservation, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44 (1980) 912 [INSPIRE].M. Fukugita and T. Yanagida, Baryogenesis Without Grand Unification, Phys. Lett. B 174 (1986) 45 [INSPIRE].M.J. Dolinski, A.W.P. Poon and W. Rodejohann, Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay: Status and Prospects, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 69 (2019) 219 [arXiv:1902.04097] [INSPIRE].J. Engel and J. Menéndez, Status and Future of Nuclear Matrix Elements for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay: A Review, Rept. Prog. Phys. 80 (2017) 046301 [arXiv:1610.06548] [INSPIRE].S. Dell’Oro, S. Marcocci, M. Viel and F. Vissani, Neutrinoless double beta decay: 2015 review, Adv. High Energy Phys. 2016 (2016) 2162659 [arXiv:1601.07512] [INSPIRE].S.M. Bilenky and C. Giunti, Neutrinoless double-beta decay: A brief review, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 27 (2012) 1230015 [arXiv:1203.5250] [INSPIRE].J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, J. Martín-Albo, M. Mezzetto, F. Monrabal and M. Sorel, The Search for neutrinoless double beta decay, Riv. Nuovo Cim. 35 (2012) 29 [arXiv:1109.5515] [INSPIRE].KamLAND-Zen collaboration, Search for Majorana Neutrinos near the Inverted Mass Hierarchy Region with KamLAND-Zen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 (2016) 082503 [Addendum ibid. 117 (2016) 109903] [arXiv:1605.02889] [INSPIRE].GERDA collaboration, Final Results of GERDA on the Search for Neutrinoless Double-β Decay, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 (2020) 252502 [arXiv:2009.06079] [INSPIRE].A. Caldwell, M. Ettengruber, A. Merle, O. Schulz and M. Totzauer, Global Bayesian analysis of neutrino mass data, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 073001 [arXiv:1705.01945] [INSPIRE].APPEC Committee collaboration, Double Beta Decay APPEC Committee Report, arXiv:1910.04688 [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, NEXT-100 Technical Design Report (TDR): Executive Summary, 2012 JINST 7 T06001 [arXiv:1202.0721] [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, Sensitivity of NEXT-100 to Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay, JHEP 05 (2016) 159 [arXiv:1511.09246] [INSPIRE].D.R. Nygren, Detecting the barium daughter in 136Xe 0-νββ decay using single-molecule fluorescence imaging techniques, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 650 (2015) 012002 [INSPIRE].B.J.P. Jones, A.D. McDonald and D.R. Nygren, Single Molecule Fluorescence Imaging as a Technique for Barium Tagging in Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay, 2016 JINST 11 P12011 [arXiv:1609.04019] [INSPIRE].A.D. McDonald et al., Demonstration of Single Barium Ion Sensitivity for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay using Single Molecule Fluorescence Imaging, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 (2018) 132504 [arXiv:1711.04782] [INSPIRE].P. Thapa et al., Barium Chemosensors with Dry-Phase Fluorescence for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay, Sci. Rep. 9 (2019) 15097 [arXiv:1904.05901] [INSPIRE].I. Rivilla et al., Fluorescent bicolour sensor for low-background neutrinoless double β decay experiments, Nature 583 (2020) 48 [INSPIRE].D. Nygren, High-pressure xenon gas electroluminescent TPC for 0νββ-decay search, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 603 (2009) 337 [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, Near-Intrinsic Energy Resolution for 30 to 662 keV Gamma Rays in a High Pressure Xenon Electroluminescent TPC, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 708 (2013) 101 [arXiv:1211.4474] [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, Initial results of NEXT-DEMO, a large-scale prototype of the NEXT-100 experiment, 2013 JINST 8 P04002 [arXiv:1211.4838] [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, Operation and first results of the NEXT-DEMO prototype using a silicon photomultiplier tracking array, 2013 JINST 8 P09011 [arXiv:1306.0471] [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, Characterisation of NEXT-DEMO using xenon Kα X-rays, 2014 JINST 9 P10007 [arXiv:1407.3966] [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, First proof of topological signature in the high pressure xenon gas TPC with electroluminescence amplification for the NEXT experiment, JHEP 01 (2016) 104 [arXiv:1507.05902] [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, The Next White (NEW) Detector, 2018 JINST 13 P12010 [arXiv:1804.02409] [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, Calibration of the NEXT-White detector using 83mKr decays, 2018 JINST 13 P10014 [arXiv:1804.01780] [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, Initial results on energy resolution of the NEXT-White detector, 2018 JINST 13 P10020 [arXiv:1808.01804] [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, Energy calibration of the NEXT-White detector with 1% resolution near Qββ of 136Xe, JHEP 10 (2019) 230 [arXiv:1905.13110] [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, Demonstration of the event identification capabilities of the NEXT-White detector, JHEP 10 (2019) 052 [arXiv:1905.13141] [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, Measurement of radon-induced backgrounds in the NEXT double beta decay experiment, JHEP 10 (2018) 112 [arXiv:1804.00471] [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, Radiogenic Backgrounds in the NEXT Double Beta Decay Experiment, JHEP 10 (2019) 051 [arXiv:1905.13625] [INSPIRE].A.A.L. Villalpando et al., Improving the light collection efficiency of silicon photomultipliers through the use of metalenses, 2020 JINST 15 P11021 [arXiv:2007.06678] [INSPIRE].R. Felkai et al., Helium-Xenon mixtures to improve the topological signature in high pressure gas xenon TPCs, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 905 (2018) 82 [arXiv:1710.05600] [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, Electroluminescence TPCs at the Thermal Diffusion Limit, JHEP 01 (2019) 027 [arXiv:1806.05891] [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, Electron Drift and Longitudinal Diffusion in High Pressure Xenon-Helium Gas Mixtures, 2019 JINST 14 P08009 [arXiv:1902.05544] [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, Low-diffusion Xe-He gas mixtures for rare-event detection: Electroluminescence Yield, JHEP 04 (2020) 034 [arXiv:1906.03984] [INSPIRE].National Nuclear Data Center, Information extracted from the NuDat 2 database (version 2.8), https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/.M. Haffke et al., Background Measurements in the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 643 (2011) 36 [arXiv:1101.5298] [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, Radiopurity assessment of the tracking readout for the NEXT double beta decay experiment, 2015 JINST 10 P05006 [arXiv:1411.1433] [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, Radiopurity assessment of the energy readout for the NEXT double beta decay experiment, 2017 JINST 12 T08003 [arXiv:1706.06012] [INSPIRE].N. Abgrall et al., The Majorana Demonstrator radioassay program, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 828 (2016) 22 [arXiv:1601.03779] [INSPIRE].I.J. Arnquist, C. Beck, M.L. di Vacri, K. Harouaka and R. Saldanha, Ultra-low radioactivity Kapton and copper-Kapton laminates, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 959 (2020) 163573 [arXiv:1910.04317] [INSPIRE].nEXO collaboration, nEXO Pre-Conceptual Design Report, arXiv:1805.11142 [INSPIRE].V.A. Kudryavtsev, Muon simulation codes MUSIC and MUSUN for underground physics, Comput. Phys. Commun. 180 (2009) 339 [arXiv:0810.4635] [INSPIRE].Borexino collaboration, Modulations of the Cosmic Muon Signal in Ten Years of Borexino Data, JCAP 02 (2019) 046 [arXiv:1808.04207] [INSPIRE].SNO collaboration, Measurement of the Cosmic Ray and Neutrino-Induced Muon Flux at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, Phys. Rev. D 80 (2009) 012001 [arXiv:0902.2776] [INSPIRE].J. Martín-Albo, The NEXT experiment for neutrinoless double beta decay searches, Ph.D. Thesis, Universitat de València (2015).J. Allison et al., Recent developments in Geant4, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 835 (2016) 186 [INSPIRE].O.A. Ponkratenko, V.I. Tretyak and Y.G. Zdesenko, The Event generator DECAY4 for simulation of double beta processes and decay of radioactive nuclei, Phys. Atom. Nucl. 63 (2000) 1282 [nucl-ex/0104018] [INSPIRE].G.J. Feldman and R.D. Cousins, A Unified approach to the classical statistical analysis of small signals, Phys. Rev. D 57 (1998) 3873 [physics/9711021] [INSPIRE].J.J. Gómez-Cadenas et al., Sense and sensitivity of double beta decay experiments, JCAP 06 (2011) 007 [arXiv:1010.5112] [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, Demonstration of background rejection using deep convolutional neural networks in the NEXT experiment, JHEP 01 (2021) 189 [arXiv:2009.10783] [INSPIRE].NEXT collaboration, Mitigation of backgrounds from cosmogenic 137Xe in xenon gas experiments using 3He neutron capture, J. Phys. G 47 (2020) 075001 [arXiv:2001.11147] [INSPIRE]

Eicosapentaenoic acid stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase and increases visfatin secretion in cultured murine adipocytes

Visfatin is an adipokine highly expressed in visceral AT (adipose tissue) of humans and rodents, the production of which seems to be dysregulated in excessive fat accumulation and conditions of insulin resistance. EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), an n−3 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid), has been demonstrated to exert beneficial effects in obesity and insulin resistance conditions, which have been further linked to its reported ability to modulate adipokine production by adipocytes. TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine whose production is increased in obesity and is involved in the development of insulin resistance. Control of adipokine production by some insulin-sensitizing compounds has been associated with the stimulation of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase). The aim of the present study was to examine in vitro the effects of EPA on visfatin production and the potential involvement of AMPK both in the absence or presence of TNF-α. Treatment with the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α (1 ng/ml) did not modify visfatin gene expression and protein secretion in primary cultured rat adipocytes. However, treatment of these primary adipocytes with EPA (200 μmol/l) for 24 h significantly increased visfatin secretion (P<0.001) and mRNA gene expression (P<0.05). Moreover, the stimulatory effect of EPA on visfatin secretion was prevented by treatment with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, but not with the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) inhibitor LY294002. Similar results were observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, EPA strongly stimulated AMPK phosphorylation alone or in combination with TNF-α in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and pre-adipocytes. The results of the present study suggest that the stimulatory action of EPA on visfatin production involves AMPK activation in adipocytes

Challenge 3: Preserving biodiversity and its functions under global change

Libros Blancos. Desafíos Científicos 2030 del CSIC, vol. 7; coordinado por Jesús Marco de Lucas y M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas; 174 p.: 17 cm. Descarga completa gratuita en el enlace: libros.csic.es/product_info.php?products_id=1483The environmental sustainability of the Earth system is at risk, and so do human welfare because of our dependency on it. Here we present challenges dealing with the understanding of how drivers of global change work, and how to minimize their effects on natural and human managed systems, with the aid of new concepts and edge-cutting technology. Their achievement should allow us to detect, understand, forecast and mitigate global change impacts related to climate change, the biodiversity crisis, polar regions, and managed ecosystems, and to improve the health of our planet in the coming decades. In the twenty-first century, biodiversity erosion has become a key scientific question at the time societal concern has increased. We propose theoretical, technological and policy-relevant challenges to preserve biodiversity and safeguard our options for future solutions to global environmental problems. We outline research areas to uncover naturally occurring processes, and to predict and mitigate the impact of global change.Peer reviewe

Noninvasive ventilation for severely acidotic patients in respiratory intermediate care units : Precision medicine in intermediate care units

Severe acidosis can cause noninvasive ventilation (NIV) failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF). NIV is therefore contraindicated outside of intensive care units (ICUs) in these patients. Less is known about NIV failure in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compare NIV failure rates between patients with severe and non-severe acidosis admitted to a respiratory intermediate care unit (RICU) with AHRF resulting from ACPE, COPD or OHS. We prospectively included acidotic patients admitted to seven RICUs, where they were provided NIV as an initial ventilatory support measure. The clinical characteristics, pH evolutions, hospitalization or RICU stay durations and NIV failure rates were compared between patients with a pH ≥ 7.25 and a pH < 7.25. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent risk factors contributing to NIV failure. We included 969 patients (240 with ACPE, 540 with COPD and 189 with OHS). The baseline rates of severe acidosis were similar among the groups (45 % in the ACPE group, 41 % in the COPD group, and 38 % in the OHS group). Most of the patients with severe acidosis had increased disease severity compared with those with non-severe acidosis: the APACHE II scores were 21 ± 7.2 and 19 ± 5.8 for the ACPE patients (p < 0.05), 20 ± 5.7 and 19 ± 5.1 for the COPD patients (p < 0.01) and 18 ± 5.9 and 17 ± 4.7 for the OHS patients, respectively (NS). The patients with severe acidosis also exhibited worse arterial blood gas parameters: the PaCO levels were 87 ± 22 and 70 ± 15 in the ACPE patients (p < 0.001), 87 ± 21 and 76 ± 14 in the COPD patients, and 83 ± 17 and 74 ± 14 in the OHS patients (NS)., respectively Further, the patients with severe acidosis required a longer duration to achieve pH normalization than those with non-severe acidosis (patients with a normalized pH after the first hour: ACPE, 8 % vs. 43 %, p < 0.001; COPD, 11 % vs. 43 %, p < 0.001; and OHS, 13 % vs. 51 %, p < 0.001), and they had longer RICU stays, particularly those in the COPD group (ACPE, 4 ± 3.1 vs. 3.6 ± 2.5, NS; COPD, 5.1 ± 3 vs. 3.6 ± 2.1, p < 0.001; and OHS, 4.3 ± 2.6 vs. 3.7 ± 3.2, NS). The NIV failure rates were similar between the patients with severe and non-severe acidosis in the three disease groups (ACPE, 16 % vs. 12 %; COPD, 7 % vs. 7 %; and OHS, 11 % vs. 4 %). No common predictive factor for NIV failure was identified among the groups. ACPE, COPD and OHS patients with AHRF and severe acidosis (pH ≤ 7.25) who are admitted to an RICU can be successfully treated with NIV in these units. These results may be used to determine precise RICU admission criteria

Effects of DHA-Rich n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and/or Resistance Training on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Overweight and Obese Post-Menopausal Women

Resistance training (RT) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) supplementation have emerged as strategies to improve muscle function in older adults. Overweight/obese postmenopausal women (55-70 years) were randomly allocated to one of four experimental groups, receiving placebo (olive oil) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich n-3 PUFA supplementation alone or in combination with a supervised RT-program for 16 weeks. At baseline and at end of the trial, body composition, anthropometrical measures, blood pressure and serum glucose and lipid biomarkers were analyzed. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and strength tests were also performed. All groups exhibit a similar moderate reduction in body weight and fat mass, but the RT-groups maintained bone mineral content, increased upper limbs lean mass, decreased lower limbs fat mass, and increased muscle strength and quality compared to untrained-groups. The RT-program also improved glucose tolerance (lowering the OGTT incremental area under the curve). The DHA-rich supplementation lowered diastolic blood pressure and circulating triglycerides and increased muscle quality in lower limbs. In conclusion, 16-week RT-program improved segmented body composition, bone mineral content, and glucose tolerance, while the DHA-rich supplement had beneficial effects on cardiovascular health markers in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. No synergistic effects were observed for DHA supplementation and RT-program combination

Effects of DHA-Rich n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and/or Resistance Training on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Overweight and Obese Post-Menopausal Women

Resistance training (RT) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) supplementation have emerged as strategies to improve muscle function in older adults. Overweight/obese postmenopausal women (55-70 years) were randomly allocated to one of four experimental groups, receiving placebo (olive oil) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich n-3 PUFA supplementation alone or in combination with a supervised RT-program for 16 weeks. At baseline and at end of the trial, body composition, anthropometrical measures, blood pressure and serum glucose and lipid biomarkers were analyzed. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and strength tests were also performed. All groups exhibit a similar moderate reduction in body weight and fat mass, but the RT-groups maintained bone mineral content, increased upper limbs lean mass, decreased lower limbs fat mass, and increased muscle strength and quality compared to untrained-groups. The RT-program also improved glucose tolerance (lowering the OGTT incremental area under the curve). The DHA-rich supplementation lowered diastolic blood pressure and circulating triglycerides and increased muscle quality in lower limbs. In conclusion, 16-week RT-program improved segmented body composition, bone mineral content, and glucose tolerance, while the DHA-rich supplement had beneficial effects on cardiovascular health markers in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. No synergistic effects were observed for DHA supplementation and RT-program combination