Incorporating threat in hotspots and coldspots of biodiversity and ecosystem services

Spatial prioritization could help target conservation actions directed to maintain both biodiversity and ecosystem services. We delineate hotspots and coldspots of two biodiversity conservation features and five regulating and cultural services by incorporating an indicator of ‘threat’, i.e. timber harvest profitability for forest areas in Telemark (Norway). We found hotspots, where high values of biodiversity, ecosystem services and threat coincide, ranging from 0.1 to 7.1% of the area, depending on varying threshold levels. Targeting of these areas for conservation follows reactive conservation approaches. In coldspots, high biodiversity and ecosystem service values coincide with low levels of threat, and cover 0.1–3.4% of the forest area. These areas might serve proactive conservation approaches at lower opportunity cost (foregone timber harvest profits). We conclude that a combination of indicators of biodiversity, ecosystem services and potential threat is an appropriate approach for spatial prioritization of proactive and reactive conservation strategies.acceptedVersio

Human–wildlife coexistence in science and practice

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/167100/1/csp2401.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/167100/2/csp2401_am.pd

Integrated framework for stakeholder participation: Methods and tools for identifying and addressing human–wildlife conflicts

As wild areas disappear and agricultural lands expand, understanding how people and wildlife can coexist becomes increasingly important. Human–wildlife conflicts (HWCs) are obstacles to coexistence and negatively affect both wildlife populations and the livelihood of people. To facilitate coexistence, a number of frameworks have been developed to both understand the drivers of conflict and then to find solutions that mitigate conflict. However, each framework has different foci and strengths in particular stages of analysis. Here, we propose an integrated framework that leverages the individual strengths of previously fairly isolated methodologies, allowing for holistic HWC analysis. The framework for participatory impact assessment (FoPIA) provides a toolset for developing wildlife scenarios, selecting assessment indicators and assessing the impact of different scenarios. The social-ecological framework of ecosystem services and disservices (SEEDS) analyzes the ecosystem services trade-offs related to scenarios, and the 3i stakeholder analysis approach, supports the identification of stakeholders and provides a mechanism to explore, in detail stakeholders' interests, relative influence, and how outcomes of research are likely to impact different stakeholders. We apply these approaches to eastern Germany, where the increase in several wildlife populations (i.e., wild boar, common crane, gray wolf, and European bison) has contributed to conflict with people. We demonstrate the complementarity of FoPIA, SEEDS, and 3i in identifying stakeholder needs and showing how wildlife dynamics may affect coexistence and create imbalanced ecosystem service and disservice distributions. The integrated framework introduced here provides guidelines for analyzing the multistage process of stakeholder participation and enables a comprehensive approach to the complex challenge of HWCs.Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape ResearchMarianne and Dr. Fritz Walter Fischer‐FoundationPeer Reviewe

Sex-Disaggregated Internal and International "Interregional" Migration Flow Estimates for Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Sex-disaggregated 5-year internal and international &ldquo;Interregional&rdquo; migration flow estimates representative of the 2005-2010 period, produced using IPUMSI census microdata (collected dunring the 2000 and 2010 round of censuses ) and UNDESA sex-disaggregated bilateral migrant stock data (2017 Revision). This work was produced as a collaboration between WorldPop, Flowminder and Asian Demographic Research Institute. This project was funded by the Swiss Confederation, represented by the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA), Peace and Human Rights Division.</span

Journal Information

This dataset summarizes the information for 11 journals, including the year for which the p-values of the published articles were extracted, the impact factor for the respective year and the acronym used in the R code for this study

P-values extracted from 11 scientific journals across two years

We examined how the proportion of reported significant results, expressed as p-values, changed with increasing impact factor (IF) We divided the range of IF into three intervals: low (IF<4), medium (4≤IF<8), and high (IF≥8) to ensure that our model was applicable to a broad range of impact factors. We then randomly selected at least two journals for each IF interval for both 2012 and 2014 from journals listed in the Science Citation Index Expanded (http://mjl.clarivate.com/cgi-bin/jrnlst/jloptions.cgi?PC=D) under four subject categories: biodiversity conservation, biology, ecology, and evolutionary biology. We examined 11 journals (lowest IF 0.36 to highest IF 17.95), six journals for both years, whilst we examined three for 2014 and two for 2012 alone. We collected p-values reported in all articles using the free trial version of Examine32 Text Search from Aquila Software. We extracted exact p-values and inexact p-values (e.g. p<0.05). All the inexact p-values were reassigned to six intervals in order to calculate the proportion of significant results (Table A in S1 Text). Due to the ubiquitous use of 0.05 as the alpha level in ecology, we considered p-values below this level as significant. <br

Menopause, wellbeing and health: A care pathway from the European Menopause and Andropause Society

This care pathway from the European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) provides an updated pathway for monitoring and guidance of women at midlife, focusing on those approaching the end of the reproductive lifecycle, going through the menopausal transition and beyond. The care pathway is written by professionals involved in women's health and provides a stepwise individualized approach, stratified according to needs, symptoms and reproductive stage. Furthermore, the pathway provides details on screening for chronic diseases related to menopause and ageing. Treatment options for climacteric symptoms range from menopausal hormone therapy to non-hormonal alternatives and lifestyle modifications. Therapy should be tailored to personal needs and wishes. The pathway aims to offer a holistic, balanced approach for monitoring middle-aged women, aiming to control health problems effectively and ensure healthy ageing

EMAS position statement: Vitamin D and menopausal health

Introduction: There is increasing evidence that vitamin D has widespread tissue effects. In addition to osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, infections and neurodegenerative disease. However, the effect of vitamin D supplementation on non-skeletal outcomes requires clarification, especially in postmenopausal women. Aim: This position statement provides an evidence-based overview of the role of vitamin D in the health of postmenopausal women based on observational and interventional studies. Materials and methods: Literature review and consensus of expert opinion. Results and conclusions: Vitamin D status is determined by measuring serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Concentrations <20 ng/ml (<50 nmol/l) and <10 ng/ml (<25 nmol/l) are considered to constitute vitamin D deficiency and severe deficiency, respectively. Observational data suggest an association between vitamin D deficiency and adverse health outcomes in postmenopausal women, although they cannot establish causality. The evidence from randomized controlled trials concerning vitamin D supplementation is not robust, since many studies did not consider whether people were deficient at baseline. Moreover, high heterogeneity exists in terms of the population studied, vitamin D dosage, calcium co-administration and duration of intervention. Concerning skeletal health, vitamin D deficiency is associated with low bone mass and an increased risk of fractures. Vitamin D supplementation at maintenance doses of 800–2000 IU/day (20–50 μg/day), after repletion of vitamin D status with higher weekly or daily doses, may be of benefit only when co-administered with calcium (1000–1200 mg/day), especially in the elderly populations and those with severe vitamin D deficiency. Concerning cardiovascular disease, vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, mainly metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Vitamin D deficiency, especially its severe form, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events (coronary heart disease, stroke, mortality), independently of traditional risk factors. Vitamin D supplementation may have a modestly beneficial effect on lipid profile and glucose homeostasis, especially in obese individuals or those ≥60 years old and at doses of ≥2000 IU/day (≥50 μg/day). However, it has no effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events. Concerning cancer, vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased incidence of and mortality from several types of cancer, such as colorectal, lung and breast cancer. However, the data on other types of gynecological cancer are inconsistent. Vitamin D supplementation has no effect on cancer incidence, although a modest reduction in cancer-related mortality has been observed. Concerning infections, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with acute respiratory tract infections, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vitamin D supplementation may decrease the risk of acute respiratory tract infections and the severity of COVID-19 (not the risk of infection). Concerning menopausal symptomatology, vitamin D deficiency may have a negative impact on some aspects, such as sleep disturbances, depression, sexual function and joint pains. However, vitamin D supplementation has no effect on these, except for vulvovaginal atrophy, at relatively high doses, i.e., 40,000–60,000 IU/week (1000–1500 IU/week) orally or 1000 IU/day (25 μg/day) as a vaginal suppository

The essential menopause curriculum for healthcare professionals:A European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) position statement

Introduction The menopause, or the cessation of menstruation, is a stage of the life cycle which will occur in all women. Managing perimenopausal and postmenopausal health is a key issue for all areas of healthcare, not just gynecology. Aim To provide recommendations for the curriculum of education programs for healthcare professionals worldwide, so that all can receive high quality training on menopause. Materials and methods Literature review and consensus of expert opinion. Summary recommendations Training programs for healthcare professionals worldwide should include menopause and postmenopausal health in their curriculum. It should include assessment, diagnosis and evidence-based management strategies