896 research outputs found
Overcoming biochar limitations to remediate pentachlorophenol in soil by modifying its electrochemical properties
In this study, we produced modified biochars with enhanced electrochemical properties to increase PCP remediation in soil. Although all biochars enhanced PCP remediation in aerobic conditions, only a few did in anaerobic soil. The most successful modifications were (i) the preloading of biomass with 10% w/w FeCl3, to obtain a biochar rich in redox-active metals (B-Fe); (ii) the oxidation of a conductive biochar pyrolyzed at 1000 ºC with 0.025 M KMnO4, to produce a biochar with both moderate conductivity and redox capacity (B-1000-KMnO4); and (iii) KMnO4 oxidation of an amorphous biochar pyrolyzed at 400 ºC to obtain a biochar with very high redox capacity (B-KMnO4). B-Fe reduced extractable PCP to almost zero after 50 days in both incubations, but showed slow kinetics of remediation in aerobic soil. B-1000-KMnO4 had the highest rate of remediation under aerobic conditions, but no significant effect under anaerobic conditions. B-KMnO4, however, presented high rates of remediation and high removal of extractable PCP under both conditions, which made it the recommended modification strategy for increased PCP remediation. We found that the degree of remediation primarily depends on the redox capacity, while the rate of remediation was determined by both the conductivity and redox capacity of biochar
Why disease ecology needs life-history theory: a host perspective
When facing an emerging infectious disease of conservation concern, we often have little information on the nature of the host-parasite interaction to inform management decisions. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the life-history strategies of host species can be predictive of individual- and population-level responses to infectious disease, even without detailed knowledge on the specifics of the host-parasite interaction. Here, we argue that a deeper integration of life-history theory into disease ecology is timely and necessary to improve our capacity to understand, predict and mitigate the impact of endemic and emerging infectious diseases in wild populations. Using wild vertebrates as an example, we show that host life-history characteristics influence host responses to parasitism at different levels of organisation, from individuals to communities. We also highlight knowledge gaps and future directions for the study of life-history and host responses to parasitism. We conclude by illustrating how this theoretical insight can inform the monitoring and control of infectious diseases in wildlife
Why disease ecology needs life-history theory: a host perspective.
When facing an emerging infectious disease of conservation concern, we often have little information on the nature of the host-parasite interaction to inform management decisions. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the life-history strategies of host species can be predictive of individual- and population-level responses to infectious disease, even without detailed knowledge on the specifics of the host-parasite interaction. Here, we argue that a deeper integration of life-history theory into disease ecology is timely and necessary to improve our capacity to understand, predict and mitigate the impact of endemic and emerging infectious diseases in wild populations. Using wild vertebrates as an example, we show that host life-history characteristics influence host responses to parasitism at different levels of organisation, from individuals to communities. We also highlight knowledge gaps and future directions for the study of life-history and host responses to parasitism. We conclude by illustrating how this theoretical insight can inform the monitoring and control of infectious diseases in wildlife
Relationship between postharvest diseases resistance and mineral composition of citrus fruit
reen and blue moulds, due to the pathogenic action of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum respectively are the main cause of orange losses during postharvest. Under Mediterranean climate conditions, both together are responsible for 80% of total postharvest citrus fruit decay. The type of orchard production system, field location with different types of climate and soil has a main influence on mineral composition of fruits. The mineral composition of fruits can have a significant impact on fruit quality and shelf life during postharvest period. These include effects on fruit colour, texture, disease susceptibility, juice composition and development of physiological disorders. Oranges from different regions from South of Spain and Portugal and from three different production systems (conventional, integrated and organic) were studied to evaluate whether both factors (origin and production system) affected the degree of fruit sensitivity to decay. Results indicate that the sensitivity to green or blue mould is determined better by the origin of fruit than by the system of production.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Influencia de la producción integrada del olivar sobre la calidad del aceite de oliva virgen
A study has been conducted to determine the influence of integrated olive production on the quality of extra virgin olive oil. On two different dates, samples from three different holdings were taken in integrated production (I) parcels, and in conventional production (C) parcels, both adjacent. The analytical determinations were free acidity, peroxide value, K232 and K270, fatty acid composition, esterols, phenolic compounds, tocopherols, stability to oxidation and sensory analysis. Most interesting among the results obtained were total contents of esterols and tocopherols, higher in olive oils of integrated production.Se ha realizado un estudio para ver la influencia de la producción integrada del olivar sobre la calidad del aceite de oliva virgen. Se tomaron muestras de aceitunas de tres fincas distintas, en parcelas correspondientes a olivar de secano, de producción integrada (I), y en parcelas adyacentes a estas de producción convencional (C), en dos fechas diferentes. Las determinaciones analíticas realizadas han sido acidez libre, índice de peróxidos, K232 y K270, composición de ácidos grasos, esteroles, compuestos fenólicos, tocoferoles, estabilidad oxidativa y análisis sensorial. En los resultados obtenidos destaca que los valores más altos de esteroles totales y tocoferoles corresponden a los aceites de producción integrada. Así mismo, los aceites de producción convencional presentan mayor contenido de fenoles totales y parecen ofrecer mayor estabilidad
Biochar Improves the Properties of Poultry Manure Compost as Growing Media for Rosemary Production
[EN] Compost represents a sustainable alternative for peat (P) replacement in soilless plant
cultivation, but its use can be limited by several inadequate physical and physicochemical properties.
Biochar can alleviate some of the limitations of compost for its use as growth media by improving
the physical properties, decreasing salinity and making the phytotoxic compounds unavailable for
plants. We studied the physical and physicochemical properties of holm oak biochar (B), poultry
manure compost (PMC), poultry manure composted with biochar (PMBC), a commercial peat (P)
and multiple combinations of these materials as growth media, and their effect on the rooting and
growth of rosemary. PMBC and PMC showed similar physical and physicochemical properties as
growing media, and they both were phytotoxic when used in a rate above 50% (by volume) in the
growing medium. However, when used at proportion of 25%, PMBC was less phytotoxic than PMC
and enhanced the percentage of rosemary cutting rooting. The incorporation of B in the growing
medium instead of P (either at 50% or 75% in volume) increased the stability of the growing media
and the percentage of rooted cuttings, but it did not affect plant growth significantly. Our results
demonstrate the potential of substituting peat by a combination of poultry manure compost and
biochar for the formulation of growth media.This research was funded by SPANISH MINISTRY OF ECONOMY AND COMPETITIVENESS, grant numbers AGL2012-40143-C02-01 and RTI2018-099417-B-I00, co-funded with EU FEDER fundsFornes Sebastiá, F.; Liu-Xu, L.; Lidón, A.; Sanchez-Garcia, M.; Luz Cayuela, M.; Sanchez-Monedero, MA.; Belda Navarro, RM. (2020). Biochar Improves the Properties of Poultry Manure Compost as Growing Media for Rosemary Production. Agronomy. 10(2):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020261S116102KERN, J., TAMMEORG, P., SHANSKIY, M., SAKRABANI, R., KNICKER, H., KAMMANN, C., … GLASER, B. (2017). SYNERGISTIC USE OF PEAT AND CHARRED MATERIAL IN GROWING MEDIA – AN OPTION TO REDUCE THE PRESSURE ON PEATLANDS? Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 25(2), 160-174. doi:10.3846/16486897.2017.1284665Tiemeyer, B., Albiac Borraz, E., Augustin, J., Bechtold, M., Beetz, S., Beyer, C., … Zeitz, J. (2016). 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Validation and reconstruction of flow meter data in the Barcelona water distribution network
12 páginas, 16 figuras, 1 tabla.-- El PDF es la versión pre-print.-- et al.This paper presents a signal analysis methodology to validate (detect) and reconstruct the missing and false data of a large set of flow meters in the telecontrol system of a water distribution network. The proposed methodology is based on two time-scale forecasting models: a daily model based on a ARIMA time series, while the 10-min model is based on distributing the daily flow using a 10-min demand pattern. The demand patterns have been determined using two methods: correlation analysis and an unsupervised fuzzy logic classification, named LAMDA algorithm. Finally, the proposed methodology has been applied to the Barcelona water distribution network, providing very good results.This work is part of a applied research project granted by ADASA and AGBAR companies. The authors also wish to thank the support received by the Research Commission of the Generalitat of Catalunya (Group SAC Ref. 2009 SGR 1491) and by CICYT (Ref. HYFA DPI2008-01996 and WATMAN DPI2009-13744) of Spanish Ministry of Education.Peer reviewe
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