Courtship behavior of different wild strains of Ceratitis Capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Este estudio documenta diferencias en el comportamiento de cortejo de cepas silvestres de Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) provenientes de Madeira (Portugal), Hawaii (Estados Unidos de Norte América), Costa Rica y Patagonia (Argentina). Algunas características mostraron grandes variaciones y traslape substancial. Los ángulos a los cuales los machos miraron hacia las hembras cambiaron muy poco en el momento de la transición de la vibración continua al zumbido intermitente durante el curso del cortejo en todo las cepas, pero los machos de Madeira tendieron a enfrentar más directamente a la hembra que otros machos. Los ángulos de las hembras disminuyeron claramente durante el cortejo en todas las cepas. La distancia entre el macho y la hembra tendió a disminuir conforme el cortejo continuaba en todas las cepas, pero las distancias a las cuales los machos iniciaron la vibración continua, el zumbido intermitente, y el salto sobre la hembra eran relativamente menos variables entre cepas excepto la cepa de Costa Rica. Moscas de Madeira cortejaron más tiempo y el macho movió su cabeza y zumbaba sus alas mas prolongadamente que las otras cepas.This study documents differences in the courtship behavior of wild strains of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) from Madeira (Portugal), Hawaii (U.S.A.), Costa Rica, and Patagonia (Argentina). Some traits showed large variations and others substantial overlaps. The angle at which the male faced toward the female at the moment of transition from continuous wing vibration and intermittent buzzing changed very little during the course of courtship in all strains, but males from Madeira tended to face more directly toward the female than other males. Females tended to look more, and more directly, toward the males as courtship progressed in all strains. The distance between male and female tended to decrease as courtship proceeded in all strains, but the distances at which males initiated continuous vibration, intermittent buzzing, and jumped onto the female were relatively less variable between strains, except for the strain from Costa Rica. Flies of Madeira courted for longer and the male moved his head and buzzed his wings longer than the other strains.Universidad de Costa Rica, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Costa Rica. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires. Technical Cooperation Division, IAEA, Wagramerstrasse. USDA/APHIS/CPHSTUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de Biologí

INTERFÉROMÉTRIE RADAR APPLIQUÉE AUX VOLCANS : CAS DE L’ETNA ET DES CHAMPS PHLÉGRÉENS (ITALIE)

During the last few years, the radar images collected by the European satellites ERS1 and ERS2, the Japanese satellite JERS and the Canadian satellite RADARSAT have been used with success to create interferograms. This technique has been applied for geophysical applications like co-seismic deformation mapping, volcano deformation monitoring, landslides monitoring, mining subsidence detection, glaciers monitoring. Here we report the research carried out by our group on Etna volcano (Italy) and in the area of Naples (Italy) where are located several potentially active volcanoes (Vesuvius, Ischia) and where a subsidence of the caldera of Campi Flegrei is still on going in response to the 1982-1984 seismic crisis. Etna is the volcano that has been studied first using ERS SAR interferometry. Using this method, a large scale deflation of the volcano associated with the large 1991-1993 eruption was detected in data covering the second half of the eruption. Further studies showed that the local deformation fields located in Valle del Bove (East of the volcano) where associated with the compaction of the 1986-1987 and 1989 lava fields and also partly with a subsidence of the surrounding terrain in response to the load of the new deposited material. Other local deformation fields have been identified, corresponding to the 1983, 1981 and 1971 lava fields. However, due to its strong topography, interferograms of Etna are affected by tropospheric effects. Those effects must be eliminated in order to correctly interpret the fringes pattern. The problem of the troposphere has been first investigated from its theoretical point of view and using existing local meteorological data as well as radio-soundings data. Recently, thanks to the large amount of available interferograms, another approach has been investigated, consisting in the research of a correlation fringe/elevation in the interferograms themselves. This approach, operated either in automatic mode (automatic fringe unwrapping) or in manual mode proved to be efficient for most of the coherent interferograms. After removal of the tropospheric correction, the evolution of the deformation of the volcano at large scale between 1992 and 1998 has been inferred. The subsidence occurring during the second half of the 1992 eruption as well as the uplift preceding the 1995 unrest of the Southeast crater are visible, but their amplitude is less than previously estimated. The depth of the modelled source of subsidence/uplift related to the large scale deformation is of the order of 6 to 8 km, not well constrained by the data. The study of the correlation fringe/elevation was possible only after a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal properties of coherence of the Etna area. Indeed, the technique of fringe unwrapping for fringe/elevation correlation analysis is possible only if the poorly coherent pixels are eliminated. A map of the most coherent pixels of the volcano was produced. The recent lava fields as well as the towns and villages surrounding the volcano are the most coherent areas. The quality of the interferograms is also enhanced when high accuracy DEM (Digital Elevation Model) are used. Using kinematic GPS data collected along more than 100 km of road around the volcano, we assessed the accuracy of several DEMs of Etna. The most accurate DEM was produced by digitising 1/25.000e maps of Etna. This DEM does not take into account the topographic changes due to the recent eruptions. Merging other more recent DEMs corresponding to those areas, we produced an updated relatively high accuracy DEM (±3 m) of Etna. In the Naples area, we analysed interferograms in the period 1993-1996 and show that the Campi Flegrei caldera is still subsiding at a rate of about 30 mm/year

Variation in the intermittent buzzing songs of male medflies (diptera: tephritidae) associated with geography, mass-rearing, and courtship success

Varios aspectos de los patrones temporales de los sonidos del zumbido intermitente producido durante el cortejo pre-copulatório de los machos de la mosca del Mediterráneo variaron entre moscas silvestres de Costa Rica, Argentina y Hawaii, y entre moscas de sepas de cría masiva de Costa Rica, Argentina, Mexico y Hawaii. No se presentaron diferencias consistentes cuando se compararon las sepas de cría masiva en Costa Rica, Argentina y Hawaii con moscas silvestres de los sitios de origen. Los sonidos producidos durante cortejos que terminaron en cópulas no difieron de los sonidos producidos durante cortejos que llevaron a montas que fracasaron en moscas de Costa Rica y Argentina. Pero en sepas de todos los sitios los zumbidos intermitentes que incluyeron pequeñas pausas tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de no terminar en un intento de monta. Los zumbidos intermitentes de las moscas de las crias masivas tuvieron una tendencia leve a interumpirse mas frecuentemente.Many aspects of the temporal pattern of sounds produced during the intermittent buzzing displays of pre-copulatory courtship by male medflies varied between wild flies from Costa Rica, Argentina, and Hawaii, and between mass-reared flies from Costa Rica, Argentina, Mexico, and Hawaii. There were no consistent differences when mass-reared strains were compared with the wild strains from the area where they originated in Costa Rica, Argentina and Hawaii. Buzzing sounds produced prior to successful mounting attempts did not differ consistently from those preceding unsuccessful mounts in flies from Costa Rica and Argentina. In strains from all sites, however, courtships in which buzzes were interrupted were more likely not to result in mounting of the female. There was a weak tendency for interruptions to be more common in mass-reared strains.Universidad de Costa Rica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico. USDA-ARS.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de Biologí

Diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species in French Guiana: their main host plants and associated parasitoids during the period 1994-2003 and prospects for management

Introduction. This study was carried out in French Guiana, over ten years (1994–2003) by three institutions (SPV, FDGPC and CIRAD); it updates the current state of knowledge of Tephritidae (both Dacini and Toxotrypanini tribes) species present in this country. Materials and methods. The work was mainly conducted in inhabited areas (from the Brazilian border to the Surinamese border) where cultivated fruit crops are located. Specimens were obtained by adult trapping and fruit sampling in nearby orchards and at the edge of the rainforest. Trapping was done consistently for 10 years, while fruit sampling was a discontinuous activity. We present only the results for fruit sampling from three consecutive years (2001–2003) in which a total of 880 kg from 45 fruit species in 22 plant families were collected. Results. Twenty-nine plant species from fourteen plant families were found to be hosts of twenty-one Anastrepha species and one Bactrocera species, Bactrocera carambolae Drew and Hancock. During this period, no specimen of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) was collected in traps or fruit samples. We registered the main fruit trees which were hosts for B. carambolae and Anastrepha spp. Five hymenopterous parasitoid species were identified. Among them, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) is an exotic species and was introduced into French Guiana in collaboration with Brazilian authorities (EMBRAPA) in 2000 and 2001 within the framework of a classical biological control program. Conclusion. Our data provide baseline information about the tephritid species of economic importance present in French Guiana and assist in developing potential future control programs of both the B. carambolae and Anastrepha species in the Amazon Basin. These preliminary results are discussed in the light of their implication for rainforest conservation efforts and also evolutionary relationships between fruit flies and their hosts. (Résumé d'auteur

Rapport III.2 Constructions actuelles des matériels d'assainissement individuel et privé

An up-to-date design of privat domestic wasterwater treatment equipments. As part of household wastewater treatment techniques as a whole, the domestic treatment system proves particularly interesting mainly in considération of its easy installation and its efficiency. Therefore it is necessary to state precisely its main criteria in order to render its construction easier to the mutual benefit of users, as well in view of protecting nature and environment.Entrant dans la gamme des techniques prises en compte dans le domaine du traitement des eaux usées domestiques l'assainissement individuel et privé constitue un créneau particulièrement intéressant, tant au niveau de sa mise en oeuvre que de son efficacité. Il importe donc d'en définir les principaux critères pour en faciliter la réalisation dans l'intérêt commun des usagers comme dans celui de la protection de la nature et de son environnement.Cayol Jean-Pierre. Rapport III.2 Constructions actuelles des matériels d'assainissement individuel et privé. In: L'assainissement de demain. L'hydraulique des eaux pluviales et usées. Compte-rendu des XVIIes journées de l'hydraulique. Nantes,14-16 septembre 1982. Tome 2, 1982

Thermohalobacter berrensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic, strictly halophilic bacterium from a solar saltern

A new thermophilic, strictly halophilic, anaerobic, non-sporulating rod- shaped bacterium, measuring 0·5 x 3·0-8·0 μm and designated strain CTT3(T), was isolated from a solar saltern. Strain CTT3(T) stained Gram- negative, was motile by means of laterally inserted flagella, had a genome G+C content of 33 mol% and grew optimally at 65 °C and pH 7·0 with 5% NaCl. The strain also grew readily at 70 °C in the presence of 15% NaCl. Strain CTT3(T) fermented cellobiose, fructose, glucose, maltose, mannitol, mannose, sucrose, glycerol, N-acetylglucosamine, starch, pyruvate and bio-Trypticase. It produced acetate, ethanol, H2 and presumably CO2 from glucose. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that it is a member of cluster XII of the Clostridiales and related genera of the subphylum of the Gram-positive bacteria containing genomes of low G+C content. Its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics clearly differentiated it from all other members of this cluster. Based on the findings it is proposed that strain CTT3(T) be designated as a new species of a new genus, Thermohalobacter berrensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is CTT3(T) (= CNCM 105955(T))