Assessing the Impact of Public Support on Innovative Productivity

Previous policy evaluation literature mainly aimed at estimating the additional effect of public support on either firms’ innovative inputs or innovative outputs. This paper is an attempt to move one step further, combining the two (input and output) dimensions of innovation into a unique efficiency perspective. To this aim, the impact of public support on the ratio between innovative sales and innovative expenditures (innovative productivity) is estimated using a sample of firm-level data drawn from the third Italian Community Innovation Survey (CIS). A bivariate endogenous switching model has been developed in order to free the analysis of any ex ante sources of sample selection and firm heterogeneity, at the same time getting rid of the two sources of endogeneity potentially affecting the results, i.e. the possible simultaneity between subsidy allocation and the qualitative composition of the innovative output, as well as the endogeneity of public support with respect to innovative performance. Results show that innovative productivity is negatively affected by the public support ; far from ‘doing better’ as a result of government intervention, supported firms appear to exhaust their advantage through merely increasing their innovative expenditures.innovation subsidy; policy evaluation; product innovation; bivariate endogenous switching model

The possible adverse impact of innovation subsidies: some evidence from a bivariate switching model

The impact of public funding is estimated using firm-level Italian data. Results from a bivariate endogenous switching model show that innovative productivity is negatively affected by the innovation subsidy; far from ‘doing better' as a result of government intervention, supported firms appear to exhaust their advantage through merely increasing their innovative expenditures.innovation subsidy, policy evaluation, product innovation, bivariate endogenous switching model

Beyond Additionality: Are Innovation Subsidies Counterproductive?

Building on a standard policy evaluation literature mainly aimed at estimating the additional effect of subsidies on either firms' innovative expenditures or innovative outputs only, this paper tries to move one step further, combining the two (input and output) dimensions of innovation into a unique efficiency perspective. To this aim, the impact of public funding on the ratio between innovative sales and innovative expenditures (innovative productivity) is estimated using a sample of firm-level data drawn from the third Italian Community Innovation Survey (CIS). A bivariate endogenous switching model has been developed in order to free the analysis of any ex ante sources of sample selection and firm heterogeneity, at the same time getting rid of the two sources of endogeneity potentially affecting the results, i.e. the possible simultaneity between subsidy allocation and the qualitative composition of the innovative output, as well as the endogeneity of public support with respect to innovative performance. Results show that innovative productivity is negatively affected by the innovation subsidy; far from 'doing better' as a result of government intervention, supported firms appear to exhaust their advantage through merely increasing their innovative expenditures.bivariate endogenous switching model, product innovation, policy evaluation, innovation subsidy

The catalysing role of in-house R&D in fostering the complementarity of innovative inputs

The aim of this study is to test the possible catalysing role of in-house R&D in fostering the complementarity of innovative inputs on a sample of 3045 manufacturing firms drawn from the third Italian Community Innovation Survey (1998-2000). The interactions between four different sources of innovation internal and external R&D, embodied and disembodied technological acquisitions - have been simultaneously explored through the two (direct and indirect) testing frameworks for complementarity. Results from both the approaches show that the innovative process is a phenomenon combining within itself both complementarity and substitutability relationships, depending both on the typology of the targeted innovation output and on the particular combination of innovative inputs we focus on. In particular, it is in-house R&D that seems to create the precondition allowing firms to enjoy complementarity effects. Indeed, the possibility of exploiting synergies between different innovative inputs turns out to be subordinated to having undertaken a minimum amount of internal R&D. The implication of this result is that a role for in-house R&D emerges, beyond its direct effect in generating an innovative output: even if internal research is not a necessary precondition for a firm to be innovative, it should still be carried out because of its important role in the generation of synergies that amplify the impacts of the other innovative inputs it interacts with

Beyond the knowledge production function: the role of R&D in a multi-faceted innovative process

The purpose of this paper is to test the possible catalysing role of in-house R&D in fostering the complementarity of innovative inputs on a sample of 3045 manufacturing firms drawn from the third Italian Community Innovation Survey (1998-2000). The interactions between four different sources of innovation – internal and external R&D, embodied and disembodied technological acquisitions – have been simultaneously explo-red through the two (direct and indirect) testing frameworks for complementarity. Results from both the approaches show that the innovative process is a pheno-menon combining within itself both complementarity and substitutability relationships, de-pending both on the typology of the targeted innovation output and on the particular com-bination of innovative inputs we focus on. In particular, it is in-house R&D that seems to create the precondition allowing firms to enjoy complementarity effects. Indeed, the possi-bility of exploiting synergies between different innovative inputs turns out to be subordi-nated to having undertaken a minimum amount of internal R&D. The implication of this result is that a role for in-house R&D emerges, beyond its di-rect effect in generating an innovative output: even if internal research is not a necessary precondition for a firm to be innovative, it should still be carried out because of its im-portant role in the generation of synergies that amplify the impacts of the other innovative inputs it interacts with

Beyond additionality: Are innovation subsidies counterproductive?

Building on a standard policy evaluation literature mainly aimed at estimating the additional effect of subsidies on either firms' innovative expenditures or innovative outputs only, this paper tries to move one step further, combining the two (input and output) dimensions of innovation into a unique efficiency perspective. To this aim, the impact of public funding on the ratio between innovative sales and innovative expenditures (innovative productivity) is estimated using a sample of firm-level data drawn from the third Italian Community Innovation Survey (CIS). A bivariate endogenous switching model has been developed in order to free the analysis of any ex ante sources of sample selection and firm heterogeneity, at the same time getting rid of the two sources of endogeneity potentially affecting the results, i.e. the possible simultaneity between subsidy allocation and the qualitative composition of the innovative output, as well as the endogeneity of public support with respect to innovative performance. Results show that innovative productivity is negatively affected by the innovation subsidy; far from doing better as a result of government intervention, supported firms appear to exhaust their advantage through merely increasing their innovative expenditures

I lavori di codificazione del Titolo “De matrimonio” nel Codice di diritto canonico. Studio introduttivo

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Valore interpretativo dei lavori di codificazione - 3. La costituzione del Coetus de matrimonio e la prima fase del lavoro - 4. Le diciassette sessioni del Coetus de matrimonio - 5. L’invio dello Schema de sacramentis agli organi di consultazione e l’esame delle osservazioni pervenute - 6. Le cinque sessioni del parvus Coetus de matrimonio - 7. Le modifiche apportate nella Relatio complectens synthesim animadversionum (1981) - 8. La quinta Plenaria della Commissione di revisione del Codice (20-29 ottobre 1981) - 9. L’ultima revisione da parte di Giovanni Paolo II - 10. La comunicazione dei lavori del Coetus de matrimonio e il dibattito dottrinale - 11. Le fonti alla base della riforma del diritto matrimoniale - 12. Conclusione

Il passaggio dalla causa di nullità matrimoniale al procedimento di scioglimento del matrimonio non consumato secondo il can. 1678, § 4

SOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione - 2. La progressiva semplificazione normativa del passaggio alla via amministrativa - 3. La clausola “de consensu partium” del can. 1681 - 4. Interrelazioni tra processo di nullità e procedimento di scioglimento - 5. L’interpretazione del nuovo can. 1678, § 4 - 6. La decisione del tribunale in caso di disaccordo tra le parti circa il passaggio alla via amministrativa - 7. Una proposta de iure condendo. The transition from the marriage nullity case to dissolution of non-consummated marriage procedure according to can. 1678, § 4 * ABSTRACT: The Motu proprio Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus has simplified the transition from a marriage nullity case in progress to that of dissolution of non-consummated procedure: it is no more required that the parties consent to but that they be heard. After a brief historical excursus on the subject, starting from the Pius-Benedictine Code, the study aims, first, at understanding the underlying rationale of the new provision of canon 1678 § 4, and then at exploring the concrete ways in which it is to be applied, especially in the event of disagreement between the parties on the transition. Finally, on the basis of the praxis of the Tribunal of the Roman Rota, de iure condendo a proposal is made

Le modifiche in materia di forma canonica del matrimonio introdotte dal Motu Proprio De concordia inter Codices

Contributo sottoposto a valutazioneSOMMARIO: 1. Introduzione â 2. Le motivazioni generali sottese al Motu Proprio â 3. Sguardo dâinsieme al Motu Proprio â 4. La competenza ratione ascriptionis per assistere alle nozze (can. 1109) â 5. Lâassistente nei matrimoni in cui almeno una parte è orientale. Il nuovo § 3 del can. 1108 â 6. La facoltà di benedire il matrimonio di due acattolici orientali: il nuovo § 3 del can. 1116 â 7. Conclusione

Complementarity between innovation knowledge sources: Does the innovation performance measure matter?

We analyse complementarity between different knowledge sources (internal, external and/or cooperation) employing a wide range of innovation performance measures (product, process, organizational, and commercial). The empirical study uses 2014 Spanish CIS data and studies complementarities by performing conditional complementarity/substitutability tests. The results show evidence of conditional complementarity in product innovation performance between external and internal knowledge sources in absence of cooperation and of conditional substitute relationship between external and cooperation knowledge sources in presence of internal source. In product and process innovation performance we found a conditional substitute relationship between internal and cooperation sources when external source is used and not used, respectively. This relationship turns to conditional complementarity in organisational innovation in absence of external knowledge source. Therefore, when designing innovation strategy, managers must consider their objectives on a priority basis, since not all the strategies have the same effects on innovation performance