Control of steroid receptor dynamics and function by genomic actions of the cochaperones p23 and Bag-1L

Molecular chaperones encompass a group of unrelated proteins that facilitate the correct assembly and disassembly of other macromolecular structures of which they themselves do not remain a part. Chaperones associate with a large and diverse set of cofactors termed cochaperones that regulate their function and specificity. Chaperones and cochaperones regulate the activity of several classes of signaling molecules, including steroid receptors. Upon binding ligand, steroid receptors interact with discrete nucleotide sequences within the nucleus to control the expression of diverse physiological and developmental genes. Molecular chaperones and cochaperones are typically known to provide the correct conformation for ligand binding by the steroid receptors. While this contribution is widely accepted, recent studies have reported that they further modulate steroid receptor action outside ligand binding. Specifically, they are thought to contribute to receptor turnover, transport of the receptor to different subcellular localizations, recycling of the receptor on chromatin and stabilization of receptor DNA binding. In addition to these combined effects with molecular chaperones, cochaperones have additional functions that are independent of molecular chaperones, some of which impact steroid receptor action. Two well-studied examples are the cochaperones p23 and Bag-1L, which have been identified as modulators of steroid receptor activity in the nucleus. Understanding details of their regulatory action will provide new therapeutic opportunities for controlling steroid receptor action independent of the widespread effects of molecular chaperones

Macromorphological and Microscopic Effects of Temperature in a Controlled Environment on the Process of Decomposition in Bone

This research explores the idea that the processes and rate of bone decomposition are affected by differential temperatures after death. Previous research supports changes in the molecular structure of bone due to different weather conditions, in addition to gross macroscopic changes, but there remain issues in understanding how these possible changes affect decomposition overall. In this research, I will explore how the freeze-thaw cycle affects decomposition, and what the relationship between weathering on bone and the natural decomposition process is. My hypothesis is that the freeze-thaw cycle will induce further decay, steady higher temperatures will speed up decomposition, and freezing will slow decomposition. My control sample will act as a measure to evaluate the role that weather (temperature) plays in decomposition

EUROPEAN UNION 1997 SEAFOOD-SAFETY BAN: THE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON BANGLADESH SHRIMP PROCESSING

Major markets for Bangladesh frozen shrimp are the European Union, the United States, and Japan. Bangladesh frozen shrimp imports into the EU and the United States have experienced safety and quality problems. The 1997 European Commission ban on Bangladesh seafood imports into the EU cost the Bangladesh frozen shrimp processing industry US$14.665 million in lost revenues.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Ultra-high altitude measurement systems for pressure, density, temperature, and winds Final report, Feb. - Nov. 1963

Ultrahigh altitude pressure, temperature, density, and wind measurements of free atmosphere from large launch vehicle beyond shock laye

The potential impact on Florida-based marina and boating industries of a post-embargo Cuba: an analysis of geographic, physical, policy and industry trends

The information in this Technical Paper addresses the future of the US-Cuban marina and recreational boating industries from the geographic, physical, policy making and economic perspectives for a post-embargo Cuba. Each individual paper builds on the presentations made at the workshop, the information obtained in the subsequent trip to Cuba and presents in detailed form information which we hope is useful to all readers. (147pp.

In-Plane Conductivity Anisotropy in Underdoped Cuprates in the Spin-Charge Gauge Approach

Applying the recently developed spin-charge gauge theory for the pseudogap phase in cuprates, we propose a self-consistent explanation of several peculiar features of the far-infrared in-plane AC conductivity, including a broad peak as a function of frequency and significant anisotropy at low temperatures, along with a similar temperature-dependent in-plane anisotropy of DC conductivity in lightly doped cuprates. The anisotropy of the metal-insulator crossover scale is considered to be responsible for these phenomena. The obtained results are in good agreement with experiments. An explicit proposal is made to further check the theory.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Differential effects of mineralocorticoid and angiotensin II on incentive and mesolimbic activity

The controls of thirst and sodium appetite are mediated in part by the hormones aldosterone and angiotensin II (AngII). The present study examined the behavioral and neural mechanisms of altered effort-value in animals treated with systemic mineralocorticoids, intracerebroventricular AngII, or both. First,rats treated with mineralocorticoid and AngII were tested in the progressive ratio operant task. The willingness to work for sodium versus waterdepended on hormonal treatment. In particular, rats treated with both mineralocorticoid and AngII preferentially worked for access to sodium versus water compared with rats given only one of these hormones. Second, components of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway were examined for modulation by mineralocorticoids and AngII. Based on cFos immunohistochemistry, AngII treatment activated neurons in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens, with no enhancement by mineralocorticoid pretreatment. In contrast, western blot analysis revealed that combined hormone treatmentincreased levels of phospho-tyrosine hydroxylase in the ventral tegmental area. Thus, mineralocorticoid and AngII treatments differentially engaged the mesolimbic pathway based on tyrosine hydroxylase levelsversus cFos activation

Evidence of a Lombard response in migrating humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)

The Lombard reflex is an increase in the subject's vocal levels in response to increased noise levels. This functions to maintain an adequate signal-to-noise ratio at the position of the receiver when noise levels vary. While it has been demonstrated in a small number of mammals and birds including some whales, it has not yet been shown to occur in one of the most vocal species of baleen whale, the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae). Humpback whales were simultaneously visually and acoustically tracked (using an array of calibrated hydrophone buoys) as they migrated southward. Source levels of social vocalizations were estimated from measured received levels and a site-specific empirical sound propagation model developed. In total, 226 social vocalizations from 16 passing groups of whales were selected for final analysis. Noise levels were predominantly wind-dependent (from sea surface motion) and ranged from 81 to 108 dB re 1 mu Pa in the 36Hz-2.8 kHz band. Vocalization source levels increased by 0.9 dB for every 1 dB increase in wind-dependent background noise levels, with source levels (at 1 m) being maintained similar to 60 dB above the noise level. (C) 2014 Acoustical Society of America

Micro-Rockets for the Classroom

Many people are fascinated with rocketry, as evidenced by hundreds of thousands of visitors to the Kennedy Space Center for Space Shuttle launches. Rockets demonstrate important basic principles of chemistry, engineering, and physics 1-5. Even model rockets are exciting to launch. Many physics teachers take advantage of this and use model solid fuel, 6 - 10 and water rockets 11-14 in their teaching activities. Scientific supply companies have responded to this interest and offer a range of equipment to investigate model rocket performance. 6,10,12,15 This note describes miniature solid fuel, or micro rockets, which are made from a single safety match, oil or paraffin, and aluminum foil. These micro-rockets have a range of up to 6 meters, and can be safely launched from a candle flame inside classrooms