A Subjetividade do Bem-Estar em Saúde

In this paper we will illustrate the accessibility to a subjective state of well-being from two clinical situations. We will observe how these two patients, one suffered a stroke and one displaying a neurodegenerative disease, were able to overcome their handicap and deploy their creative potential, past the psychometric assessment phase.Dans cet article nous illustrerons l’accessibilité à un état subjectif à partir de deux situations cliniques. Nous observerons comment ces deux patients, l’un présentant accident cérébral vasculaire et l’autre, une pathologie neurodégénérative ont pu surpasser leur handicap et déployer leur potentiel créatif, passée la phase d’évaluation psychométrique.Neste artigo, ilustraremos o acesso a um estado subjetivo de bem-estar, a partir de dois casos clínicos. Observaremos como esses dois pacientes, um que sofreu um derrame e outro que apresentava uma doença neurodegenerativa, foram capazes de superar sua deficiência e implementar seu potencial criativo, passada a fase de avaliação psicométrica

Le TOP 12 : comment interpréter les réponses comme des mesures de la capacité de la mémoire collective ?

International audienceIntroduction. Le TOP 12 évalue la mémoire collective au travers d'une série de huit types de questions portant sur le souvenir de la vie de 12 célébrités nommément désignées. La validation de tels tests est souvent envisagée dans le seul but de prédire un critère externe au test (validation externe) ; la validation interne n'est quant à elle que très rarement étudiée. Objectifs. Montrer comment les réponses obtenues peuvent mesurer une seule grandeur hypothétique (appelée aussi construit) : la capacité de la mémoire collective. Méthodes. L'échantillon est composé de 145 sujets (91 témoins, 32 patients présentant une maladie d'Alzheimer, 21 patients ayant un trouble cognitif léger de type amnésique, 1 patient ayant une démence sémantique). Deux étapes sont nécessaires : modéliser les réponses aux items à l'aide d'un modèle de réponse à l'item à trois paramètres et tester l'unidimensionnalité des scores estimés. Résultats. Les huit modèles s'ajustent étroitement aux données. L'analyse factorielle confirmatoire ne permet pas de rejeter l'idée selon laquelle les huit types de questions mesurent bien une seule et unique grandeur hypothétique. Conclusion. La modélisation psychométrique des données observées avec le TOP 12 indique qu'elles mesurent la capacité de la mémoire collective. Mots clés : mémoire collective * TOP 12 * validation interne * modélisation psychométrique * grandeur hypothétiqu

Ethics and neuropsychological assessment.

International audienceEthics and its relation to testing are historically an important question and still are. In this article, we briefly report on how neuropsychology emerged as a specific field, how tests are developed and we particularly focus on the ethical conditions under which a test can be administered. The point of view of the neuropsychologist who develops a new test, of the neuropsychologist who uses this test, of the person requiring a neuropsychological assessment, and finally of the subject, are respectively taken. In each case, different ethical questions are raised. Illustrations and examples are provided. A misunderstanding of what a test really is (a given and precise experimental situation) leads to many difficulties. Furthermore, many fail to know that neuropsychological assessment requires specific skills and clinical practice. A test is not related to truth or to a verdict; it only allows classifying a performance with regard to a given norm

Retrograde amnesia with a trip in the past

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Amnésies du passé et translations temporelles. A propos de deux cas. Annales Médico-Psychologiques

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How emotional pictures influence visuospatial binding in short-term memory in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease?

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The role of navigation instruction at intersections for older drivers and those with early Alzheimer's disease

Aims: Our purpose was to explore the effect of navigation instruction on older drivers' driving performance at left turn intersections. Left turns at intersections are particularly complex because they require many perceptive and cognitive abilities under considerable time pressure.Methods: Fifty-four participants were recruited: 18 drivers with early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD),18 neurologically healthy older drivers and 18 younger individuals. Various cognitive processes were measured, and 9 left turn maneuvers with or without navigation instruction were evaluated during an in-traffic road test. The psychomotor, planning and decision-making components involved in left turn were also analyzed closely.Results: Only older drivers (both healthy drivers and those with AD) were negatively affected by navigation instruction during the maneuver. The planning and decision-making components were more likely to be affected by the navigation instruction.Conclusion: This finding highlights the importance of carefully considering the use of navigation instructions when developing navigation systems. Adapting this instruction is necessary to simplify our understanding of the real-world driving environment and to avoid increasing the cognitive load of older drivers

Semantic knowledge of newly coined words in mild cognitive impariment and Alzheimer's disease

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