Immigrants in Québec: Toward an Explanation of How Multiple and Potentially Conflictual Linguistic Identities Become Integrated

The aim of this paper is to apply a newly developed theoretical model to the understanding of how a new linguistic identity becomes integrated in immigrants’ self-concept. While intergroup theories have addressed the situational changes in social identities, the longer-term processes underlying developmental changes in identities and their integration within the self remain to be identified. Relying on developmental and social cognitive principles, we aim to explain the specific processes by which a new linguistic identity develops and becomes integrated within the self over time. We focus on the particular situation of new immigrants in Québec who need to integrate new linguistic identities (French, English). The social factors that facilitate versus impede these change processes and the consequences associated with the integration of a new linguistic identity are also discussed.Cet article vise l’application d’un modèle théorique récemment développé afin de comprendre comment une nouvelle identité linguistique devient intégrée dans le concept de soi de nouveaux immigrants. Alors que les théories intergroupes classiques ont expliqué les changements situationnels dans les identités sociales, les changements plus profonds dans ces identités et leur intégration dans le soi restent à être identifiés. En nous basant sur des principes développementaux et cognitifs, les quatre stades du modèle seront élaborés afin d’expliquer les processus par lesquels une nouvelle identité linguistique devient intégrée dans le soi à travers le temps. Plus spécifiquement, nous nous penchons sur la situation vécue par les nouveaux immigrants qui, au Québec, doivent intégrer une et parfois deux nouvelles identités linguistiques (c.-à-d. le français et l’anglais). Les facteurs sociaux qui facilitent ou inhibent ces processus de changement identitaire et les conséquences associées à l’intégration d’une nouvelle identité linguistique sont aussi abordés

The pathway to accepting derogatory ingroup norms: the roles of compartmentalization and legitimacy

Objectives: The current experiment was conducted among ice hockey fans, and brings together theories of intergroup relations and self and identity literature. It investigated if perceiving strong norms in favor of derogating against fans of outgroup teams, and engaging in these behaviors oneself, leads to an increased compartmentalization of these behaviors (i.e., such that they are restricted to a particular compartment within the self). This association was expected to be especially strong, when derogatory behaviors are portrayed as illegitimate. We also explored whether this compartmentalization then flows on to vitality as a well-being indicator

Targeting Oxidative Stress With Auranofin or Prima-1Met to Circumvent p53 or Bax/Bak Deficiency in Myeloma Cells

Prima-1Met (APR-246) was previously shown to be dependent on glutathione inhibition and on ROS induction in cancer cells with mutated or deleted TP53. Because this ROS induction was, at least in part, due to a direct interference with the thioredoxin reductase enzyme, we investigated whether activity of Prima-1Met could be mimicked by auranofin, an inhibitor of the thioredoxin reductase. We thus compared the activity of auranofin and Prima-1Met in 18 myeloma cell lines and in 10 samples from patients with multiple myeloma or plasma cell leukemia. We showed that, similar to Prima-1Met, the activity of auranofin was not dependent on either TP53 status or p53 expression; was inhibited by N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a ROS scavenger; displayed a dramatic synergy with L-buthionine sulfoximine, an irreversible inhibitor of glutathione synthesis; and induced cell death that was not dependent on Bax/Bak expression. These data showed that auranofin and Prima-1Met similarly overcome cell death resistance in myeloma cells due to either p53 deficiency or to mitochondrial dysfunction

The ‘activist identity’ and activism across domains:A multiple identities analysis

Two correlational studies of activists examined the association between belonging to community organizations or groups and sustained activism within a particular domain. In Study 1 (N = 45) larger activist networks, controlling for activist identification and greater political knowledge, were associated with stronger activism intentions. In Study 2 (N = 155), larger Time 1 peace activism social networks were associated with more Time 2 peace activism and, via Time 2 activism, with sustained activism at Time 3. In contrast, Time 1 nationalist and party political identities were inhibiting factors of peace activism at Time 2, and indirectly at Time 3. In addition, larger peace activism networks at Time 1 were associated with greater international human rights activism and Christian activism at Time 3, but not as consistently with other forms of cross-domain activism. The possible organizing principles for these interrelationships are discussed

Being a droog vs. being a friend: A qualitative investigation of friendship models in Russia vs. Canada

Introduction. A substantial body of work has established that friendship is an important non-kin interpersonal relationship, with many positive outcomes. An issue with this literature is that it originated primarily in anglocentric Euro-American societies, when several studies have shown that the meaning of friendship varies across cultural settings. In particular, linguistic analyses advance that the meaning of friendship in Russian is quite different from that in English. The goal of this study was to seek psychological evidence of these linguistic findings by documenting similarities and differences in people’s understanding of friendship in both cultural contexts. Methods. The research consisted of a qualitative investigation of friendship cultural models among Russian migrants to Canada, through semi-structured interviews that were analysed using an inductive thematic analysis, whereby data segments are coded and codes are gradually refined and streamlined in order to identify the main themes that emerge from the data. Results. Participants’ depictions of friendship in Russian vs. Canadian contexts were largely in line with semantic analyses of friendship in Russian vs. English, with friendship being described as a stronger and deeper bond, but also more demanding in Russia than in Canada. Discussion. The findings support Wierzbicka’s proposal that key terms in a language encapsulate cultural models prevalent among its speakers. The results are also consistent with the existence of close parallels between people’s cultural models and the linguistic ecologies in which they live

Social mindfulness predicts concern for nature and immigrants across 36 nations

Australian Research Council (ARC) [DP200101446]; Philip Leverhulme Prize; Fund for Research on Health - Quebec (FRQS) [268393]; Center for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies [ANID/FONDAP 15130009]; Fondecyt Program (ANID/Fondecyt) [1201788]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [PID2021-124617OB-I00]; ERC [101018172]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation fellowship [2021M690681]; JSPS KAKENHI [19KK0063]; Latvian Council of Science [lzp-2018/1-0402]; Polish National Science Center Grant Sonata Bis [UMO-2017/26/E/HS6/00129]; Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research [ANID/FONDAP 15110006]; Australian Research Council [DP200101446] Funding Source: Australian Research Council; European Research Council (ERC) [101018172] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)Brock Bastian was supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) (grant number DP200101446), Steve Loughnan was supported by the Philip Leverhulme Prize, Catherine Amiot was supported by a Senior Fellowship from the Fund for Research on Health - Quebec (FRQS: no. 268393), Roberto Gonzalez was supported by the Center for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies (ANID/FONDAP 15130009), the Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research (ANID/FONDAP 15110006) and the Fondecyt Program (ANID/Fondecyt 1201788), angel Gomez was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2021-124617OB-I00) and by the ERC Grant agreement no: 101018172, Zhechen Wang was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation fellowship (2021M690681), Nobuhiko Goto was supported by the JSPS KAKENHI (grant number 19KK0063), Girts Dimdins was supported by the Latvian Council of Science (grant number lzp-2018/1-0402), and Michal Bilewicz was supported by the Polish National Science Center Grant Sonata Bis (grant number UMO-2017/26/E/HS6/00129).People cooperate every day in ways that range from largescale contributions that mitigate climate change to simple actions such as leaving another individual with choice - known as social mindfulness. It is not yet clear whether and how these complex and more simple forms of cooperation relate. Prior work has found that countries with individuals who made more socially mindful choices were linked to a higher country environmental performance - a proxy for complex cooperation. Here we replicated this initial finding in 41 samples around the world, demonstrating the robustness of the association between social mindfulness and environmental performance, and substantially built on it to show this relationship extended to a wide range of complex cooperative indices, tied closely to many current societal issues. We found that greater social mindfulness expressed by an individual was related to living in countries with more social capital, more community participation and reduced prejudice towards immigrants. Our findings speak to the symbiotic relationship between simple and more complex forms of cooperation in societies.WOS:0009340726000222-s2.0-8514510068336543793Science Citation Index ExpandedarticleUluslararası işbirliği ile yapılan - EVETMart2022YÖK - 2022-2

BCL2-Family Dysregulation in B-Cell Malignancies: From Gene Expression Regulation to a Targeted Therapy Biomarker

BCL2-family proteins have a central role in the mitochondrial apoptosis machinery and their expression is known to be deregulated in many cancer types. Effort in the development of small molecules that selectively target anti-apoptotic members of this family i.e., Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1 recently opened novel therapeutic opportunities. Among these apoptosis-inducing agents, BH3-mimetics (i.e., venetoclax) led to promising preclinical and clinical activity in B cell malignancies. However, several mechanisms of intrinsic or acquired resistance have been described ex vivo therefore predictive markers of response as well as mechanism-based combinations have to be designed. In the present study, we analyzed the expression of the BCL2-family genes across 10 mature B cell malignancies through computational normalization of 21 publicly available Affimetrix datasets gathering 1,219 patient samples. To better understand the deregulation of anti- and pro-apoptotic members of the BCL2-family in hematological disorders, we first compared gene expression profiles of malignant B cells to their relative normal control (naïve B cell to plasma cells, n = 37). We further assessed BCL2-family expression according to tissue localization i.e., peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymph node, molecular subgroups or disease status i.e., indolent to aggressive. Across all cancer types, we showed that anti-apoptotic genes are upregulated while pro-apoptotic genes are downregulated when compared to normal counterpart cells. Of interest, our analysis highlighted that, independently of the nature of malignant B cells, the pro-apoptotic BH3-only BCL2L11 and PMAIP1 are deeply repressed in tumor niches, suggesting a central role of the microenvironment in their regulation. In addition, we showed selective modulations across molecular subgroups and showed that the BCL2-family expression profile was related to tumor aggressiveness. Finally, by integrating recent data on venetoclax-monotherapy clinical activity with the expression of BCL2-family members involved in the venetoclax response, we determined that the ratio (BCL2+BCL2L11+BAX)/BCL2L1 was the strongest predictor of venetoclax response for mature B cell malignancies in vivo

BCLXL PROTAC degrader DT2216 targets secondary plasma cell leukemia addicted to BCLXL for survival

Secondary plasma cell leukemia (sPCL) is a rare form of aggressive plasma cell malignancy arising mostly at end-stage refractory multiple myeloma and consequently presenting limited therapeutic options. We analyzed 13 sPCL for their sensitivity to BH3 mimetics targeting either BCL2 (venetoclax) or BCLXL (A1155463) and showed that 3 sPCL were efficiently killed by venetoclax and 3 sPCL by A1155463. Accordingly, BH3 profiling of 2 sPCL sensitive to BCLXL inhibition confirmed their high BCLXL primed profile. While targeting BCLXL using BH3 mimetics induces platelets on-target drug toxicity, the recent development of DT2216, a clinical-stage BCLXL proteolysis targeting chimera PROTAC compound, provides an alternative strategy to target BCLXL. Indeed, DT2216 specifically degrades BCLXL via VHL E3 ligase, without inducing thrombocytopenia. We demonstrated in human myeloma cell lines and sPCL that sensitivity to DT2216 strongly correlated with the sensitivity to A1155463. Interestingly, we showed that low doses of DT2216 (nM range) were sufficient to specifically degrade BCLXL after 48 hours of treatment, consistent with VHL expression, in all cell lines but irrespectively to DT2216 sensitivity. In myeloma cells, DT2216 induced apoptotic cell death and triggered BAX and BAK activation. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that patients with sPCL addicted to BCLXL, a small but a very challenging group, could potentially receive therapeutic benefit from DT2216. Clinical trials of DT2216 in this subset of sPCL patients are warranted

Attitudes Toward and Experience With Assisted-Death Services and Psychological Implications for Health Practitioners: A Narrative Systematic Review

A narrative systematic review was conducted to review studies that examine mental health implications of involvement in assisted-death services among health practitioners. Qualitative and quantitative studies were included to understand health practitioners’ attitudes and experiences with assisted dying services, as well as to identify the mental health consequences. We identified 18 articles from 1591 articles drawn from seven major scientific databases (i.e., PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus). Two raters independently evaluated the exclusion and inclusion decisions of the articles and examined methodological flaws in the selected articles. We found that engagement in assisted death services were not reliably associated with mental health outcomes such as anxiety and moral distress. Both positive and negative outcomes were reported, and psychological outcomes for practitioners were shown to vary based on factors including social support for health practitioners’ views; their perceived capacity to care for the patients; and legislation

Attitudes Toward and Experience With Assisted-Death Services and Psychological Implications for Health Practitioners: A Narrative Systematic Review

A narrative systematic review was conducted to review studies that examine mental health implications of involvement in assisted-death services among health practitioners. Qualitative and quantitative studies were included to understand health practitioners’ attitudes and experiences with assisted dying services, as well as to identify the mental health consequences. We identified 18 articles from 1591 articles drawn from seven major scientific databases (i.e., PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus). Two raters independently evaluated the exclusion and inclusion decisions of the articles and examined methodological flaws in the selected articles. We found that engagement in assisted death services were not reliably associated with mental health outcomes such as anxiety and moral distress. Both positive and negative outcomes were reported, and psychological outcomes for practitioners were shown to vary based on factors including social support for health practitioners’ views; their perceived capacity to care for the patients; and legislation.Output Status: Forthcoming/Available Onlin