Cuba: estudio de la incidencia de las diferentes causas de muerte en los niveles de mortalidad de su poblacion. Tablas de mortalidad por causas, 1970 y 1975

Incluye BibliografíaSe cuantifica, a nivel nacional y por regiones, la magnitud del efecto que ejercen las diversas causas de muerte sobre los niveles de mortalidad de la poblacion cubana. Este aspecto, que es el resultado de las condiciones socioeconomicas del pais o el area en estudio, se analiza a traves de indicadores demograficos que se derivan de la construccion de la tabla de mortalidad por causas de muerte para Cuba en 1970 y 1975. Se trabaja con la poblacion de ambos sexos, por grandes grupos de causas de muerte y agrupadas en tres regiones: a).Pinar del Rio y Oriente; b).La Habana y Matanzas; c).Las Villas y Camaguey. A traves de diversos anexos se muestran aspectos generales del estudio, las tablas abreviadas de mortalidad por todas las causas, las defunciones esperadas y probabilidades de morir segun causas de muerte en la tabla de mortalidad, tablas abreviadas de mortalidad por causas de muerte y, la ganancia en anos de esperanza de vida por la eliminacion de las causas de muerte

Wind farms affect the occurrence, abundance and population trends of small passerine birds: The case of the Dupont's lark

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Journal of Applied Ecology 55.4 (2018): 2033-2042, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13107. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited"The assessment of the effects of wind farms on bird populations is commonly based on collision fatality records. This could undervalue the effect of wind farms on small-sized birds. We evaluate the effect of wind turbines on occurrence, abundance and population trends of a threatened small passerine species, the Dupont's lark Chersophilus duponti. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies addressing the effect of wind farms on population trends using time-series data from multiple wind farms. We estimated population trends by fitting a switching linear trend model with the software trim (Trend & Indices for Monitoring data). We used multiannual data surveys of five populations in the presence of wind farms and nine in their absence (2008–2016 period). Furthermore, we fitted a logistic and a negative binomial regression model to test the effect of wind farm proximity on species occurrence and abundance in 2016, respectively. We incorporated local connectivity and habitat availability estimates in both models as predictors. Results showed a negative trend overall, but that was significantly more regressive in the presence of wind farms: 21.0% vs. 5.8% average annual decline in the absence of wind farms. Dupont's lark occurrence and abundance in 2016 were negatively affected by measures of population isolation and positively affected by the distance to wind farms. These results highlight the negative effect of isolation and wind farm proximity on Dupont's lark population parameters. Taking into account the metapopulation structure exhibited by the species in the study area, this work established a 4.5-km threshold distance from wind farms, beyond which Dupont's lark populations should be unaffected. Synthesis and applications. This work highlights the negative impact of wind farms on small-sized birds and provides a 4.5-km threshold distance that should be taken into account in the design of future wind energy projects. Moreover, we suggest an analytical approach based on population trends, species abundance and occurrence variation in relation to wind farms, useful for the assessment of wind farm impacts on small-sized birdsEuropean Comission, Grant/Award Number: Life Ricotí (LIFE15-NAT-ES-000802); Excellence Network Remedinal 3CM (S2013/MAE−2719); Fundación Patrimonio Natural de Castilla y León; Biodiversity Foundation - Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Fundación BBVA, BBVARicotí-project; European Social Fund for the Youth Employment Initiativ

El estudio de la comunicación humana. La expresión de sentimientos y emociones

Postgrau en Educació Emocional i Benestar, Facultat de Pedagogia, Departament de Mètodes d’Investigació i Diagnòstic en Educació, Universitat de Barcelona, curs: 2002-2003, Tutor: Rafel Bisquerra Alzin

L’educació emocional en el context educatiu (Educació en valors i convivència en els centres)

Postgrau en Educació Emocional i Benestar, Facultat de Pedagogia, Departament de Mètodes d’Investigació i Diagnòstic en Educació, Universitat de Barcelona, curs: 2003-2004, Tutor: Rafel Bisquerra Alzin

Societat i economia agrària al Penedès, segles XVI-XVII: El terme de Subirats, la parròquia de Sant Pere de Lavern

Esta tesis tiene por objeto el estudio de la sociedad y economía de los siglos XVI y XVII, en el marco de la historia agraria y desde el ámbito de la historia local. Se pone de manifiesto el potencial que ofrece la microhistoria y las posibilidades de la documentación local. La utilización de la documentación local permite profundizar en los cambios sociales y económicos del término de Subirats, en el contexto del Penedés y de las tierras catalanas de los dos primeros siglos modernos. Entre otros temas, estudiamos los habitantes y sus relaciones sociales, las masías y casas, los testimonios materiales de la vida doméstica, las preocupaciones de los testadores, la dieta alimentaria, la agricultura y la ganadería, la importancia de la manufactura textil y cristalera, el trabajo de la construcción, el uso del capital y el crédito, y los peligros del endeutamiento continuado. La estructura de esta tesis obedece a la voluntad metodológica de ofrecer una visión global de conjunto, holística e integradora, que permita la generalización. El objetivo principal es contribuir a mejorar el conocimiento que se tiene del campo catalán de los siglos XVI y XVII.This PhD thesis seeks to examine the society and economy in the XVI & XVII centuries, in the framework of agrarian history and from the scope of local history. It highlights the micro-history’s potential and the powerful possibilities of local documentation. The use of local documentation gives an insight into the social and economic changes of Subirats, in the context of Penedès and the Catalan lands in the two first modern centuries. Among other topics, we have studied the inhabitants and their social relations, farms and houses, domestic material life, the concerns of the testator, diet food, agriculture and livestock, the importance of the textile, glass and construction activities, the use of capital and credit, and the dangers of continued borrowing. This PhD thesis structure reflects the methodological will to provide a comprehensive, holistic and integrated overview that allows generalization. The objective of this research is to improve the knowledge we have of the Catalan countryside in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

Striatal Acetylcholine-Dopamine Imbalance in Parkinson Disease:In Vivo Neuroimaging Study with Dual-Tracer PET and Dopaminergic PET-Informed Correlational Tractography

Previous studies of animal models of Parkinson disease (PD) suggest an imbalance between striatal acetylcholine and dopamine, although other studies have questioned this. To our knowledge, there are no previous in vivo neuroimaging studies examining striatal acetylcholine-dopamine imbalance in PD patients. Using cholinergic and dopaminergic PET (F-18-fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol [F-18-FEOBV] and C-11-dihydrotetrabenazine [C-11-DTBZ], respectively) and correlational tractography, our aim was to investigate the acetylcholine-dopamine interaction at 2 levels of dopaminergic loss in PD subjects: integrity loss of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic white matter tract and loss at the presynaptic-terminal level. Methods: The study involved 45 subjects with mild to moderate PD (36 men, 9 women; mean age, 66.3 +/- 6.3 y, disease duration, 5.8 +/- 3.6 y; Hoehn and Yahr stage, 2.2 +/- 0.6) and 15 control subjects (9 men, 6 women; mean age, 69.1 +/- 8.6 y). PET imaging was performed using standard protocols. We first estimated the integrity of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal white matter tracts in PD subjects by incorporating molecular information from striatal C-11-DTBZ PET into the fiber tracking process using correlational tractography (based on quantitative anisotropy [QA], a measure of tract integrity). Subsequently, we used voxel-based correlation to test the association of the mean QA of the nigrostriatal tract of each cerebral hemisphere with the striatal F-18-FEOBV distribution volume ratio (DVR) in PD subjects. The same analysis was performed for C-11-DTBZ DVR in 12 striatal subregions (presynaptic-terminal level). Results: Unlike C-11-DTBZ DVR in striatal subregions, the mean QA of the nigrostriatal tract of the most affected hemisphere showed a negative correlation with a striatal cluster of F-18-FEOBV DVR in PD subjects (corrected P = 0.039). We also found that the mean F-18-FEOBV DVR within this cluster was higher in the PD group than in the control group (P = 0.01). Cross-validation analyses confirmed these findings. We also found an increase in bradykinesia ratings associated with increased acetylcholine-dopamine imbalance in the most affected hemisphere (r = 0.41, P = 0.006). Conclusion: Our results provide evidence for the existence of striatal acetylcholine-dopamine imbalance in early PD and may provide an avenue for testing in vivo effects of therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring striatal acetylcholine-dopamine balance in PD

Dopaminergic Nigrostriatal Connectivity in Early Parkinson Disease:In Vivo Neuroimaging Study of C-11-DTBZ PET Combined with Correlational Tractography

Previous histopathologic and animal studies have shown axonal impairment and loss of connectivity of the nigrostriatal pathway in Parkinson disease (PD). However, there are conflicting reports from in vivo human studies. C-11-dihydrotetrabenazine (C-11-DTBZ) is a vesicular monoamine type 2 transporter PET ligand that allows assessment of nigrostriatal presynaptic dopaminergic terminal integrity. Correlational tractography based on diffusion MRI can incorporate ligand-specific information provided by C-11-DTBZ PET into the fiber-tracking process. The purpose of this study was to assess the in vivo association between the integrity of the nigrostriatal tract (defined by correlational tractography) and the degree of striatal dopaminergic denervation based on C-11-DTBZ PET. Methods: The study involved 30 subjects with mild to moderate PD (23 men and 7 women; mean age, 66 +/- 6.2 y; disease duration, 6.4 +/- 4.0 y; Hoehn and Yahr stage, 2.1 +/- 0.6; Movement Disorder Society [MDS]-revised Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale [UPDRS] [I-III] total score, 43.4 +/- 17.8) and 30 control subjects (18 men and 12 women; mean age, 62 +/- 10.3 y). C-11-DTBZ PET was performed using standard synthesis and acquisition protocols. Correlational tractography was performed to assess quantitative anisotropy (QA; a measure of tract integrity) of white matter fibers correlating with information derived from striatal C-11-DTBZ data using the DS! Studio toolbox. Scans were realigned according to least and most clinically affected cerebral hemispheres. Results: Nigrostriatal tracts were identified in both hemispheres of PD patients. Higher mean QA values along the identified tracts were significantly associated with higher striatal C-11-DTBZ distribution volume ratios (least affected: r = 0.57, P = 0.001; most affected: r = 0.44, P = 0.02). Lower mean QA values of the identified tract in the LA hemisphere associated with increased severity of bradykinesia sub-score derived from MDS-UPDRS part III (r = 0.42; P = 0.02). Cross-validation revealed the generalizability of these results. Conclusion: These findings suggest that impaired integrity of dopaminergic nigrostriatal nerve terminals is associated with nigrostriatal axonal dysfunction in mild to moderate PD. Assessment of nigrostriatal tract integrity may be suitable as a biomarker of earlyor even prodromal-stage PD

Effort needed to accurately estimate Vocal Activity Rate index using acoustic monitoring: A case study with a dawn-time singing passerine

Los autores del Departamento de Ecología de la UAM pertenecen al Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG-UAM)Indices based on singing activity have often been used in wildlife surveys conducted with passive acoustic monitoring. For instance, the Vocal Activity Rate index (VAR) has been employed to estimate animal populations and detect changes in abundance between years or sites. VAR may differ greatly between days due to environmental and biological factors, therefore leading to inadequate population size estimations and recommendations. However, there is still little information about the minimum number of monitoring days required for estimating a reliable VAR to assess changes over time or sites. We describe, for first time for a terrestrial bird species, the pattern of variation of VAR as a function of the number of monitoring days. Coefficient of variation sharply decreased with the number of monitoring days, and this pattern was similar during the breeding and post-breeding period. Coefficient of variation was close to 100% when a single monitoring day was surveyed, but decreased up to 30% and 20% after six or seven and nine monitoring days, depending on the monitoring period. Mean VAR was significantly related to bird abundance, but no relationship was found between bird abundance and number of days needed to reach a CV lower than 20%. Our results highlight that prior assessment of effort needed to estimate a reliable VAR should be a prerequisite for future monitoring programmes using singing activity indices. We found large differences in the number of monitoring days needed to obtain a reliable VAR in comparison to prior research on seabirds, suggesting that further research should be developed in different taxa and situationsThis is a contribution to the LIFE Ricoti (LIFE15-NAT-ES-000802), supported by the European Commission, the “BBVA-Dron Ricoti”, funded by the BBVA Foundation and the Excellence Network Remedinal 3CM (S2013/MAE2719), supported by Comunidad de Madri

Aplicación de la calibración multivariada a la corrección del efecto matriz combinado en la espectrometría de emision atómica de plasma inductivamente acoplado .

La Espectrometria de Emisi6n con Plasma Inductivamente Acoplado (EEA-PIA) es una de las técnicas analíticas que reune las características necesarias para el análisis de aguas naturales. La concentración de los elementos mayoritarios presentes en estas aguas varia en amplios intervalos, de acuerdo con su procedencia. Estas variaciones pueden producir interferencias espectrales y(o) efecto de matriz, que deterioran la calidad de las determinationes de los elementos que se encuentran a nivel de trazas. Por otra parte, la modelación matemática ha sido utilizada como método de corrección de estos efectos interelementos a traves de diseños experimentales factoriales y la calibración multivariada . Esta útima ha estado dirigida fundamentalmente, hacia la corrección de interferencias espectrales. No obstante, en otros métodos ópticos de análisis se ha comprobado su eficiencia para la corrección del efecto de matriz. Teniendo en cuenta las posibilidades de dichas herramientas matemáticas y el problema del análisis de muestras con elevadas concentraciones relativas de Ca y Mg, se realizó un estudio de la aplicación de la calibración multivariada como método para corregir el efecto de matriz combinado producido por estos macrocomponentes en EEA-PIA en la determinación de 10 elementos traza. Se utilizó la técnica de calibración multivariada de Minimos Cuadrados Ordinaries (MCO). Con esta técnica se probaron los enfoques clasico e inverso para dos series de datos de señales y concentraciones de cada analito, una con corrección de fondo espectral y la otra sin la corrección correspondiente

Skin lesions in neurofibromatosis type 2 : diagnostic and prognostic significance of cutaneous (plexiform) schwannomas

Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICBackground: Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a genetic disease characterized by the appearance of multiple tumours in the nervous system. Cutaneous lesions are common and may provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information, but they have not been widely studied. Objectives: To characterize cutaneous lesions in a Spanish cohort of patients with NF2 and investigate associations with clinical and genetic severity. Methods: We studied the clinical and histologic characteristics of cutaneous lesions in 49 patients with NF2 and analysed correlations with phenotype- and genotype-based severity scores. We collected information on the presence/absence of cutaneous lesions, location, age at onset, type of lesion, and histologic features. We also studied level of systemic involvement and genetic mutations involved. Results: Forty-nine patients (31 women [63.3%] and 18 men [36.7%]) were analysed, and 33 (67.3%) had cutaneous lesions presumed to be schwannomas. According to their clinical form, they were distributed as follows: 24 patients (48%) had deep tumours, 21 (42%) had plaque-like lesions, and 3 (6%) had superficial tumours. Histologic examination from 27 lesions analysed out 23 patients showed classic schwannoma or hybrid schwannoma-neurofibroma features in the 8 deep tumours biopsied and plexiform schwannoma features in the 17 plaque-like lesions and the 2 superficial tumours analysed. Early onset (first 2 decades of life) was reported by all patients with plaques and superficial tumours. In our cohort, 100% of the patients with plaque-like lesions and superficial tumours with microscopic features of plexiform schwannoma were in the 2 groups with the most severe clinical phenotypes, and 82.6% of them were in the 3 most severe genotype-based classes. Conclusions and Relevance: Cutaneous lesions, specially plexiform schwannomas, are common in NF2, and they usually appear at an early age providing useful diagnostic and prognostic information. These tumours are part of the spectrum of cutaneous manifestations in this disease. Although its diagnostic and prognostic value has been pointed out, there are few studies focussed on their analysis