Resistencia a la corrosión de recubrimientos bicapa VxNbyCz/BixTiyOz depositados sobre acero para herramientas

El objetivo de este trabajo, es presentar un estudio experimental del comportamiento electroquímico de los recubrimientos bicapa de VXNbYCZ y BiXTiYOZ producidos por medio de un proceso dúplex. En el proceso dúplex, los carburos fueron depositados por el tratamiento TRD y sobre ellos se crecieron películas de BiXTiYOZ usando la técnica de sputtering RF. Los tratamientos TRD se llevaron a cabo en una mezcla fundida, la cual estaba constituida por bórax, ferro-niobio, ferro-vanadio y aluminio; la temperatura y el tiempo del depósito fueron de 1313 K y 3 horas. Los parámetros de depósito de las películas de BiXTiYOZ fueron: Presión de trabajo de 7.4x10-1 Pa, potencia de 150 W, temperatura ambiente y tiempo de depósito de 30 min. La técnica de difracción de rayos X (DRX) y el análisis cuantitativo por Espectroscopia de Energía Dispersiva (EDS) permitieron confirmar la formación de carburos ternarios (VNbC2), estos recubrimientos tienen una orientación mixta y estructura es cúbica centrada en la cara (FCC); en cuanto a las películas de BiXTiYOZ, estas fueron amorfas y se evidencio la formación de óxido de bismuto en ellas. Adicionalmente se observó la morfología de los recubrimientos dúplex mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) y microscopía Confocal de barrido láser (MCBL). Finalmente, se realizaron estudios del comportamiento electroquímico de los recubrimientos por medio de las pruebas de polarización potenciodinámica y espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica (EIS).Abstrac. The aim of this work, is to present an experimental study of the corrosion behavior of the bilayer coatings of VXNbYCZ and BiXTiYOZ produced by a duplex process. In the duplex process, carbides coatings were deposited by the TRD treatment, and on them BiXTiYOZ thin films were grown using the RF sputtering technique. The TRD treatments were carried out in a molten mixture, which consisted of borax, ferro-niobium, ferro-vanadium and aluminum; the temperature and time of the deposit was 1313 K and 3 hours. Deposition parameters of BiXTiYOZ thin films were: working pressure of 7.4x10-1 Pa, power of 150 W, room temperature and deposition time of 30 min. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) allowed confirming the formation of ternary carbides (VNbC2), these coatings have a mixed orientation and structure is face-centered cubic (FCC); BiXTiYOZ thin films were amorphous and bismuth oxide formation was evident within them. Additionally, morphology of duplex coatings was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Finally, studies of the electrochemical behavior of the coatings were performed through potentiodynamic polarization tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).Maestrí

Research Update: Large-area deposition, coating, printing, and processing techniques for the upscaling of perovskite solar cell technology

To bring perovskite solar cells to the industrial world, performance must be maintained at the photovoltaic module scale. Here we present large-area manufacturing and processing options applicable to large-area cells and modules. Printing and coating techniques, such as blade coating, slot-die coating, spray coating, screen printing, inkjet printing, and gravure printing (as alternatives to spin coating), as well as vacuum or vapor based deposition and laser patterning techniques are being developed for an effective scale-up of the technology. The latter also enables the manufacture of solar modules on flexible substrates, an option beneficial for many applications and for roll-to-roll production

Perovskite photovoltaics on roll-to-roll coated ultra-thin glass as flexible high-efficiency indoor power generators

The internet of things revolution requires efficient, easy-to-integrate energy harvesting. Here, we report indoor power generation by flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) manufactured on roll-to-roll indium-doped tin oxide (ITO)-coated ultra-thin flexible glass (FG) substrates with notable transmittance (>80%), sheet resistance (13 Ω/square), and bendability, surpassing 1,600 bending procedures at 20.5-mm curvature. Optimized PSCs on FG incorporate a mesoporous scaffold over SnO2 compact layers delivering efficiencies of 20.6% (16.7 μW⋅cm−2 power density) and 22.6% (35.0 μW⋅cm−2) under 200 and 400 lx LED illumination, respectively. These represent, to the best of our knowledge, the highest reported for any indoor flexible solar cell technology, surpassing by a 60%–90% margin the prior best-performing flexible PSCs. Specific powers (W/g) delivered by these lightweight cells are 40%–55% higher than their counterparts on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films and an order of magnitude greater than those on rigid glass, highlighting the potential of flexible FG-PSCs as a key enabling technology for powering indoor electronics of the future

Propuesta de mejoramiento de las prácticas de gerencia de proyectos basada en la Guía PMBOK, en el Instituto Nacional de Vigilancia de Medicamentos y Alimentos-Invima

Apéndice A. Listado de proyectos Vigilancia Epidemiológica en GTT; Apéndice B. Proyectos de Riesgos Químicos en GTT; Apéndice C. Otros documentos de interés; Apéndice D. Lista de validación a instrumento entrevista a referentes; Apéndice E. Validación externa; Apéndice F. Consulta a expertos entrevista D.A.B-RQ; Apéndice G. Consulta a expertos entrevista DAB-VEPI; Apéndice H. Consulta a expertos D.A.B, D.O.S; Apéndice I. Detalle proyectos documental técnico; Apéndice J. Semaforización brechas por grupo de procesos basado en el PMBOK; Apéndice K. Lista de chequeo área y palabra clave de buenas prácticas basada en la Guía PMBOK.El Invima, es un referente nacional e internacional con funciones como la inspección, vigilancia y control en competencias sanitarias, entre otros. Es así, que, por medio de la Dirección de Alimentos y Bebidas se estructuran proyectos para la disciplina de alimentos, sin embargo, la manera en que se desarrollan ha permitido identificar falencias en la toma de muestras de los proyectos de riesgos químicos y vigilancia epidemiológica de alimentos ejecutados por los Grupos de Trabajo Territorial-GTT. Las principales falencias son los retrasos por tiempos, fallas en la gestión de adquisiciones, y afectaciones en la calidad, lo que influye en el alcance de estos. Se plantea la importancia de mejorar las prácticas de Gestión con base a la implementación de una guía como la PMBOK®️ en la eficiencia de los proyectos de muestreo de la disciplina de alimentos, lo que se traduce en el seguimiento adecuado a la inocuidad de los alimentos. Se plantea a través de la propuesta de investigación lograr impactar positivamente al Invima, para que todos los proyectos que salen de los programas relacionados a la disciplina de alimentos ejecutados por GTT se cumplan conforme a lo concebido.Invima is a national and international entity with functions such as inspection, surveillance and control in sanitary competitions, among others. Thus, through the Food and Beverage Department, projects are structured for the discipline of food; however, the way in which they are developed has made it possible to identify shortcomings in the taking of samples of the projects of chemical risks and epidemiological surveillance of food executed by the Territorial Working Groups-GTT. The main shortcomings are time delays, procurement management failures, quality impairments, which influence their scope. The importance of improving Management practices based on the implementation of a guide such as PMBOK®️ in the efficiency of food discipline sampling projects is raised, which translates into adequate monitoring of food safety. It is proposed through the research proposal to achieve a positive impact on Invima, so that all the projects that come out of the programs related to the food discipline executed by GTT, are fulfilled as conceived

Thermosetting Polyurethane Resins as Low-Cost, Easily Scalable, and Effective Oxygen and Moisture Barriers for Perovskite Solar Cells

Long-term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is one of the main issues to be solved for forthcoming commercialization of this technology. In this work, thermosetting polyurethane (PU)-based resins are proposed as effective encapsulants for perovskite solar cells to prevent degradation caused by both moisture and oxygen. Application consists of drop-casting the precursor mixture directly over the devices followed by in situ polymerization, avoiding the use of other adhesives. PUs are cost-effective, lightweight, thermal, and light-stable materials whose mechanical, chemical, and physical properties can be easily tuned by thoughtful choice of their precursor. Encapsulated PSCs show extremely good stability when stored under ambient light (maximum, 1000 lux), controlled humidity (28-65%), and temperature (18-30 degrees C) by retaining 94% of the initial power conversion efficiency after 2500 h (4 months), whereas control devices lose 90% of their performance after 500 h (T-80 = 37 h); once stored according to ISOS-D-1, PU-protected devices showed T-80 > 1200 h. Encapsulated devices are stable even when immersed in pure water. The demonstration of PUs as promising solution-processed encapsulant materials for PSCs can pave the way for these to become a cost-effective encapsulation route alternative for future industrialization of this technology

Severe COVID-19 Illness and α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency: COVID-AATD Study

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency; Genetic mutations; Severe COVID-19Deficiència d'alfa-1 antitripsina; Mutacions genètiques; COVID-19 greuDeficiencia de alfa-1 antitripsina; Mutaciones genéticas; COVID-19 graveBackground: Epidemiologic studies have reported that the geographical distribution of the prevalence of allelic variants of serine protein inhibitor-A1 (SERPINA1) and severe cases of COVID-19 were similar. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study to evaluate the frequency of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) in patients with COVID-19 and whether it was associated with having suffered severe COVID-19. Results: 2022 patients who had laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mutations associated with AATD were more frequent in severe COVID versus non-severe (23% vs. 18.8%, p = 0.022). The frequency of Pi*Z was 37.8/1000 in severe COVID versus 17.5/1000 in non-severe, p = 0.001. Having an A1AT level below 116 was more frequent in severe COVID versus non-severe (29.5% vs. 23.1, p = 0.003). Factors associated with a higher likelihood of severe COVID-19 were being male, older, smoking, age-associated comorbidities, and having an A1AT level below 116 mg/dL [OR 1.398, p = 0.003], and a variant of the SERPINA1 gene that could affect A1AT protein [OR 1.294, p = 0.022]. Conclusions: These observations suggest that patients with AATD should be considered at a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19. Further studies are needed on the role of A1AT in the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its possible therapeutic role.This study was promoted by the Madrid Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (Neumomadrid). We thank Grifols for its financial support to carry out the study. The financing entities did not participate in the design of the study, data collection, analysis, publication, or preparation of this manuscript. The participation of the Vall d’Hebron University Hospital in this study has been funded by a research grant from the Fundació Catalana de Pneumologia (FUCAP) 2021

Criterios de implementación ISO 14000:2015 Caso de estudio IPS acuerdos de vida.

Criterios de implementación ISO 14000:2015 Caso de estudio IPS acuerdos de vida.Actualmente el sector salud es un tema de mayor relevancia en nuestro país, en donde este atraviesa una crisis estructurada apoyada en la ineficiente atención operativa y la maximización del beneficio a cargo de los prestadores de servicio de salud lo que pone en riesgo cada día obtener un servicio de calidad para los colombianos. Es así como la prestación del servicio de salud en las instituciones es una actividad que no cesa por el contrario es activa pero con grandes problemáticas a la hora de brindar los derechos básicos en salud a los ciudadanos, lo que permite que los residuos sólidos generados dentro de esta misma actividad sean constantes y por sus características peligrosas como toxicidad, patogenicidad entre otro sean manejados con un carácter especial en su recolección, transporte interno, almacenamiento, tratamiento y disposición final. A pesar de que el sistema de salud en Colombia está respaldado y asegurado por la Ley 100 de 1993 y continúa rigiéndose, al igual tuvo una reforma la Ley 100 que destacan tres principios del sistema como los es la calidad, equidad y cobertura (García, Prada, Santamaría, Uribe & Vásquez, 2009). Razones que hacen que el presente estudio de caso esté orientado al sistema de salud, particularmente al proceso que se lleva a cabo en la IPS Acuerdo de Vida; se realiza la investigación y análisis ambiental teniendo en cuenta los ítems expuestos en el plan de trabajo iniciando con una revisión ambiental inicial (RAI), con el objetivo de identificar los aspectos e impactos ambientales ya sea de forma directa o indirecta, la descripción del contexto general de la organización, seguidamente se aclara la problemática ambiental existente plasmada mediante el diagrama de flujo con sus respectivas etapas y actividades del proceso. Posteriormente, se realiza la matriz de aspectos e impactos ambientales, definiendo el alcance del sistema de gestión ambiental y se especifica normativa legal. Los aspectos de mejora se representan mediante el ciclo PHVA, a su vez se formulan preguntas acordes al proceso, se especifican conclusiones y recomendaciones pertinentes al estudio de caso.Nowadays, the health sector is a topic with the most relevance in our country where it is going through a structured crisis fueled by the inefficient operational attention and the maximization of the profits by health service providers. Daily, these events put at risk the high-quality medical service for Colombians. The provision of health services in medical institutions is an activity that does not stop. On the contrary, it is active with big problems when this is providing fundamental citizen rights specially the healthcare. Therefore, the several solid wastes generate within this activity are constant and due to its hazardous characteristics including toxicity and pathogenicity must be handled with a special care when are collected, local transported, stored, treated and final dispose. Even though, the health system in Colombia is backed and guaranteed by “Ley 100” of 1993 which is still rulling but with many additional reforms where have been highlighted three main principles: quality, equity and coverage of the system (García, Prada, Santamaría, Uribe & Vásquez, 2009). All these reasons promote that this case of study to be oriented to the health system, particularly, to the process carried out in the IPS-Acuerdo de Vida. Here, it is presented the environmental research and analysis carried out taking into account the items exposed in the work plan starting with an initial environmental review (known in Spanish as RAI) to identify the environmental aspects and impacts either directly or indirectly, the description of the general context of the organization, then it is clarified the existing environmental problems expressed through the flow diagram with their respective stages and activities of the process. Subsequently, the matrix of environmental aspects and impacts is made, defining the scope of the environmental management system and specifying legal regulations. The improvement aspects are represented by the PHVA cycle, in turn, questions are formulated according to the process. Also, the relevant conclusions and recommendations of the case study are specified

Efficient fully blade-coated perovskite solar cells in air with nanometer-thick bathocuproine buffer layer

Fully printed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated in air with all constituent layers, except for electrodes, deposited by the blade coating technique. The PSCs incorporated, for the first time, a nanometer-thick printed bathocuproine (BCP) hole blocking buffer using blade coating and deposited at relative humidity up to 50%. The PSCs with a p-i-n structure (glass/indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/CH3NH3PbI3/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/BCP/Ag) delivered a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.9% on an active area of 0.5 cm2 when measured under standard test conditions. The PSCs with a blade coated BCP delivered performance of 10% and 63% higher (in relative terms) than those incorporating a spin coated BCP or without any BCP film, respectively. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that blade coated films were more homogeneous and acted also as a surface planarizer leading to a reduction of roughness which improved BCP/Ag interface lowering charge recombination. The demonstration of 15% efficient devices with all constituent layers, including nanometer-thick BCP (∼ 10 nm), deposited by blade coating in air, demonstrates a route for industrialization of this technology

Development and feasibility of 4 checklists for the evaluation of comorbidity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis: GECOAI Project

Objective: To develop and assess the feasibility in daily practice of four comorbidity checklists, for common use in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods: A multidisciplinary panel of experts on comorbidity was established. Data from the GECOAR, GECOAX and GECOAP projects were analysed and a narrative literature review in Medline on RA, axSpA and PsA comorbidity was performed in order to select the most relevant and common comorbidities across the three diseases. With these results and those obtained from a focus group of patients, in a nominal group meeting, the experts generated preliminary checklists. These were afterwards modified by an external evaluation by two associations, a patients’ association and an association of health professionals related to rheumatology. As a result, the final checklists were generated. A cross-sectional study was conducted to test the feasibility of three of the checklists in daily practice, in which eight health professionals evaluated the checklists in five patients with RA, five with axSpA and five with SpA. Results: Four comorbidity checklists were designed, three for health professionals (one to assess current comorbidity, one on prevention/health promotion and one with the referral criteria to other health professionals), and another for patients. The feasibility study showed them to be simple, clear, and useful for use in routine clinical practice. Conclusions: The use of specific and common checklists for patients with RA, axSpA and PsA is feasible and might contribute favorably to their prognosis as well as in daily practice.Este proyecto fue financiado por Merck Sharp & Dohme® España y avalado por las siguientes asociaciones/sociedades: CONARTRITIS (Coordinadora Nacional de Artritis asociación, de pacientes que representa a las personas afectadas por AR, APs, AIJ y EspA), OPENREUMA (Asociación de otros profesionales sanitarios dedicados a la reumatología) y SORCOM (Sociedad de Reumatología de la Comunidad de Madrid