O cyberbullying entre adolescentes do ensino m?dio do Instituto Federal Baiano-Campus Guanambi- e o uso das TDIC nos programas escolares voltados para seu enfrentamento

Embora a m?dia social possibilite a intera??o entre seus usu?rios, algumas pessoas a utilizam para comportamento agressivo, marcado por intimida??o e/ou medo, conhecido como cyberbullying, que consiste na manifesta??o da viol?ncia por meio das tecnologias digitais da informa??o e comunica??o (TDIC). No contexto escolar, este ? um problema para os alunos, professores e fam?lias, devido ao seu impacto negativo na sa?de mental das v?timas. Nesse sentido, este estudo buscou inicialmente identificar as manifesta??es de cyberbullying e seus desdobramentos psicol?gicos e sociais entre alunos do ensino m?dio do Instituto Federal Baiano-Campus Guanambi-BA (IF BAIANO-Campus Guanambi). Os dados foram coletados por meio de question?rio online e analisados por meio da estat?stica descritiva e inferencial, em que se buscou o entendimento das rela??es dos estudantes com o cyberbullying. Os resultados mostraram que as v?timas possuem abalos psicol?gicos e problemas sociais, como consequ?ncias do cyberbullying, al?m de testemunhas das pr?ticas de viol?ncia virtual possu?rem not?ria sensibilidade e vontade de ajudar a v?tima. Isso refor?a a necessidade de se estabelecer um canal de comunica??o eficiente na unidade escolar para receber notifica??es e, ent?o, proceder com as estrat?gias de investiga??o e controle, para o enfrentamento do cyberbullying. Nesse sentido, considerando que as TDIC tamb?m podem ser utilizadas no sentido inverso ao dessas agress?es, para promover o bemestar emocional, f?sico e social dos seus usu?rios, foi realizado um mapeamento sistem?tico da literatura, no qual buscouse pesquisar como elas t?m sido utilizadas em programas para prevenir e combater o cyberbullying no ambiente escolar. Tais programas foram caracterizados de acordo com as estrat?gias de design adotadas por suas interven??es para o enfrentamento do cyberbullying. Com isso, foi poss?vel estabelecer uma vis?o geral dos programas mediados por tecnologia com foco na mitiga??o do cyberbullying no ambiente escolar. No entanto, os resultados mostram um pequeno n?mero desses programas nos ?ltimos anos (apenas quatro em um intervalo de cinco anos). Assim, a literatura mapeada aponta uma lacuna sobre programas institucionais anticyberbullying mediados por tecnologia.Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2021.Although social media provides interaction among users, some people use it for aggressive behaviors, characterized by intimidation and/or fear, known as cyberbullying, which consists of violence manifestation through Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). In the context of schools, this is a problem for students, teachers, and families due to its negative impact on the mental health of the victims. In this sense, this research initially looked to identify the manifestations of cyberbullying and its psychological and social consequences among high school students of the Instituto Federal Baiano-Campus Guanambi-BA (IF BAIANO-Campus Guanambi). The data was collected via online questionnaires and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics to identify the students? relationship with cyberbullying. The results have shown that the victims present psychological traumas and social problems as a consequence of cyberbullying, and witnesses of virtual violence have a notorious sensitivity and willingness to help the victim. These results reinforce the need to stablish an efficient communication channel in the education unit to receive notifications and then to proceed with the strategies of investigation and control to combat the cyberbullying. In this sense, considering that ICTs can also be used to counteract these aggressions, in order to promote the emotional, physical, and social wellbeing of the users, a systematic mapping of literature was done to search how ICTs have been used in programs to prevent and combat the cyberbullying in the school environment. Those programs were categorized according to the design strategies adopted by their interventions to combat the cyberbullying. Therefore, it was possible to establish an overview of the programs mediated by technology that are focused on mitigating cyberbullying in the school environment. However, the results demonstrate a limited number of those programs created in the recent years (only four programs in five years). Thus, the mapped literature points to a gap of institutional anticyberbullying programs mediated by technology

Effect of the type of acetic fermentation process on the chemical composition of prickly pear vinegar (Opuntia ficus-indica).

BACKGROUND: In several countries, the cactus plant (Opuntia ficus-indica (L). Mill) knows renewed attention due to its ecological, socio-economic, and environmental role. In this study, prickly pear vinegar was produced employing two types of acetification processes: surface and submerged culture. Both acetification processes were performed at different temperatures (30 °C, 37 °C, 40 °C) by using two different species of thermo-tolerant acetic acid bacteria (Acetobacter malorum and Gluconobacter oxydans). Polyphenols and volatiles compounds analyzed by UPLC/DAD and SBSE-GC/MS, respectively, were considered as the main variables to determine the effect of the acetification process on the quality of the vinegar. RESULTS: As a result, fifteen polyphenols and seventy volatile compounds were identified and quantified in the vinegar samples produced by both acetification processes. The results showed that the surface acetification method led to an increase in the concentration of phenolic components, which was higher than that in the submerged process. However, a significant increase of volatile compounds predominated by esters and acids was observed when submerged culture acetification was employed, whereas alcohols were predominant in surface culture vinegars. Moreover, the multivariate statistical analysis showed that the components that mostly contributed to the differentiation between all vinegar samples were the volatile compounds. CONCLUSION: It has been proved that prickly pear vinegar could be successfully produced at higher temperatures than usual, by employing thermo-tolerant bacteria, and that the type of acetification method significantly affects the final quality of the vinegar produced. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserve

Production of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) vinegar in submerged culture using Acetobacter malorum and Gluconobacter oxydans: Study of volatile and polyphenolic composition

Prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica (L). Mill.) vinegar has been produced by submerged culture using scale laboratory fermenters at three acetification temperatures (30 ◦C, 37 ◦C, and 40 ◦C). Pure thermotolerant Acetic Acid Bacteria (AAB) which had been previously submitted to molecular identification by PCR–RFLP of the 16S–23S rDNA regions and 16S–23S ITS rDNA sequencing, were used. The AAB used were identified as Acetobacter malorum and Gluconobacter oxydans. The acetic fermentation achieved by A. malorum at 30 ◦C and 37 ◦C was more efficient, in terms of acidity, than that accomplished by G. oxydans. The chemical analysis revealed the presence of 85 individual volatile compounds and 17 polyphenolic compounds. The concentration of approximately half the volatile compounds was significantly affected by fermentation temperature, with clearly lower concentrations as temperature increased, whereas few significant differences were observed when comparing the vinegars produced by the two AAB species. Regarding phenolic compounds, significant increases were registered when temperature changed from 30 ◦C to 40 ◦C. Furthermore, the vinegars produced by A. malorum presented a greater concentration of phenolic compounds than those produced by G. oxydans

Influence of Different Bacteria Inocula and Temperature Levels on the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Prickly Pear Vinegar Produced by Surface Culture

This work intends to determine the effect on the aroma profile, phenolic content and antioxidant activity of prickly pear vinegars produced by the surface culture at two different fermentation temperatures and using different acetic acid bacteria (AAB) inocula. Prickly pear wine was fermented at two temperature levels (30 and 37 degrees C) by using bacteria inocula containing Acetobacter, Gluconobacter or a mixture of bacteria isolated from Sherry vinegars. Eighty-five individual volatile compounds from different families and sixteen polyphenolic compounds have been identified. It was confirmed that the highest temperature tested (37 degrees C) resulted in a lower concentration of volatile compounds, while no significant effect on the vinegars' volatile composition could be associated with the AAB inoculum used. Contrariwise, the highest content of polyphenolic compounds was detected in those vinegars produced at 37 degrees C and their concentration was also affected by the type of AAB inoculum used. Prickly pear wine displayed greater antioxidant activity than juices or vinegars, while the vinegars obtained through the mixture of AAB from Sherry vinegar showed higher antiradical activity than those obtained through either of the two AAB genera used in this study. It can be therefore concluded that, although the volatile content of vinegars decreased when fermented at a higher temperature, vinegars with a higher content in polyphenols could be obtained by means of partial fermentations at 37 degrees C, as long as thermotolerant bacteria were employed

Higher Spin Black Holes from CFT

Higher spin gravity in three dimensions has explicit black holes solutions, carrying higher spin charge. We compute the free energy of a charged black hole from the holographic dual, a 2d CFT with extended conformal symmetry, and find exact agreement with the bulk thermodynamics. In the CFT, higher spin corrections to the free energy can be calculated at high temperature from correlation functions of W-algebra currents.Comment: 24 pages; v2 reference adde

Trypanosoma cruzi Immune Response Modulation Decreases Microbiota in Rhodnius prolixus Gut and Is Crucial for Parasite Survival and Development

Trypanosoma cruzi in order to complete its development in the digestive tract of Rhodnius prolixus needs to overcome the immune reactions and microbiota trypanolytic activity of the gut. We demonstrate that in R. prolixus following infection with epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi clone Dm28c and, in comparison with uninfected control insects, the midgut contained (i) fewer bacteria, (ii) higher parasite numbers, and (iii) reduced nitrite and nitrate production and increased phenoloxidase and antibacterial activities. In addition, in insects pre-treated with antibiotic and then infected with Dm28c, there were also reduced bacteria numbers and a higher parasite load compared with insects solely infected with parasites. Furthermore, and in contrast to insects infected with Dm28c, infection with T. cruzi Y strain resulted in a slight decreased numbers of gut bacteria but not sufficient to mediate a successful parasite infection. We conclude that infection of R. prolixus with the T. cruzi Dm28c clone modifies the host gut immune responses to decrease the microbiota population and these changes are crucial for the parasite development in the insect gut

Investigating the impact of poverty on colonization and infection with drug-resistant organisms in humans: a systematic review

Background Poverty increases the risk of contracting infectious diseases and therefore exposure to antibiotics. Yet there is lacking evidence on the relationship between income and non-income dimensions of poverty and antimicrobial resistance. Investigating such relationship would strengthen antimicrobial stewardship interventions. Methods A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Ovid, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, PsychINFO, EBSCO, HMIC, and Web of Science databases were searched in October 2016. Prospective and retrospective studies reporting on income or non-income dimensions of poverty and their influence on colonisation or infection with antimicrobial-resistant organisms were retrieved. Study quality was assessed with the Integrated quality criteria for review of multiple study designs (ICROMS) tool. Results Nineteen articles were reviewed. Crowding and homelessness were associated with antimicrobial resistance in community and hospital patients. In high-income countries, low income was associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii resistance and a seven-fold higher infection rate. In low-income countries the findings on this relation were contradictory. Lack of education was linked to resistant S. pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Two papers explored the relation between water and sanitation and antimicrobial resistance in low-income settings. Conclusions Despite methodological limitations, the results suggest that addressing social determinants of poverty worldwide remains a crucial yet neglected step towards preventing antimicrobial resistance

Optimizing the Compression Stress Relief Process for 7050AL Forgings

Structural components machined from aluminum forgings can exhibit distortion and poor dimensional quality due to residual stresses formed primarily during heat treatment. To alleviate these problems, mechanically stress-relieved tempers are used in which a small amount of plastic strain is introduced after solution heat treatment and prior to aging. For hand-forged billets and die forgings, this strain is introduced by compression. Process specifications for compression stress relief typically allow a range of strains, and this process variability can in turn lead to inconsistent forging performance in machining. In addition, since cold work is known to accelerate the aging response and decrease the peak strength in alloys such as 7050Al, it is important to control the compression stress relief process to achieve the stress relief while maintaining acceptable mechanical properties. The purpose of this investigation was to experimentally characterize the influence of compressive strain on the mechanical properties achieved after subsequent aging treatment in aluminum alloy 7050. We have also used finite element modeling of the residual stress state in a typical forging to predict optimum compression parameters for stress relief

Antileukemic, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Healing Activities Induced by a Polyphenol-Enriched Fraction Extracted from Leaves of Myrtus communis L.

Natural products have offered a number of exciting approaches in cancer treatment over the years. In this study, we investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of the polyphenol-enriched fraction extracted from Myrtus communis (PEMC) on acute and chronic leukemia. According to the UHPLC-MSn, the fraction is rich in flavonoids. Protective activity of the PEMC was assessed by evaluating the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and hemolysis potential in a series of in vivo and in vitro assays, while the therapeutic approach consisted of the evaluation of cytotoxic activity of the PEMC against HL60 and K562 leukemia cell lines. Safety of the fraction was also evaluated on a non-cancerous Vero cell line and by an acute toxicity test performed in mice. The PEMC demonstrated a significant anti-inflammatory and healing potential. The activities found at the dose of 100 mg/kg were better than those observed using a reference drug. The PEMC demonstrated a significant antioxidant effect and a specific cytotoxicity towards HL60 (IC50 = 19.87 µM) and K562 (IC50 = 29.64 µM) cell lines being non-toxic to the Vero cell line. No hemolytic activity was observed in vitro and no toxicity effect was found in mice. Thus, the PEMC has a pharmacological potential as both preventive and therapeutic agent. However, further research is necessary to propose its mechanism of action

Effects of terlipressin as early treatment for protection of brain in a model of haemorrhagic shock

Introduction: We investigated whether treatment with terlipressin during recovery from hypotension due to haemorrhagic shock (HS) is effective in restoring cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and brain tissue markers of water balance, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Methods: In this randomised controlled study, animals undergoing HS (target mean arterial pressure (MAP) 40 mmHg for 30 minutes) were randomised to receive lactated Ringer’s solution (LR group; n =14; volume equal to three times the volume bled), terlipressin (TERLI group; n =14; 2-mg bolus), no treatment (HAEMO group; n =12) or sham (n =6). CPP, systemic haemodynamics (thermodilution technique) and blood gas analyses were registered at baseline, shock and 5, 30, 60 (T60), 90 and 120 minutes after treatment (T120). After the animals were killed, brain tissue samples were obtained to measure markers of water balance (aquaporin-4 (AQP4)), Na+-K+-2Cl− co-transporter (NKCC1)), oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)) and apoptotic damage (Bcl-x and Bax). Results: Despite the HS-induced decrease in cardiac output (CO) and hyperlactataemia, resuscitation with terlipressin recovered MAP and resulted in restoration of CPP and in cerebral protection expressed by normalisation of AQP4, NKCC1, TBARS and MnSOD expression and Bcl-x/Bax ratio at T60 and T120 compared with sham animals. In the LR group, CO and blood lactate levels were recovered, but the CPP and MAP were significantly decreased and TBARS levels and AQP4, NKCC1 and MnSOD expression and Bcl-x/Bax ratio were significantly increased at T60 and T120 compared with the sham group. Conclusions: During recovery from HS-induced hypotension, terlipressin was effective in normalising CPP and cerebral markers of water balance, oxidative damage and apoptosis. The role of this pressor agent on brain perfusion in HS requires further investigation