Resultados de la extracción completa de coledocolitiasis mayor o igual a 15 milímetros por medio de la colangiopancreatografía retrogada endoscópica en el Hospital Médico Quirúrgico del Seguro Social; Enero 2016 a Diciembre 2017.

El presente trabajo de investigación se encuentra enfocado en determinar la proporción en la cual la colangiopancreatografía retrograda endoscópica (CPRE) realiza la extracción completa de coledocolitiasis mayor o igual de 15 milímetros, en pacientes del Hospital Médico Quirúrgico del Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social, los objetivos son identificar características de la población, y factores que influyen en la Extracción completa de cálculos por medio de CPRE. Internacionalmente la coledocolitiasis mayor o igual de 15 milimetros, representa una dificultad alta para su resolución por vía endoscópica, con estudios previos que reportan falla en extracción completa desde 34% hasta 40 % con necesidad de procedimientos quirúrgicos de alta complejidad, aumentando su morbimortalidad. La utilidad de la presente investigación será determinar el porcentaje de extracción completa de coledocolitiasis mayor o igual de 15 mm por medio de CPRE, con el fin de agilizar la resolución del cuadro; es decir proceder o no hacia un procedimiento quirúrgico. Para dicha investigación se tendrá el acceso a los libros de registro del área de endoscopia en donde se documenta cada procedimiento realizado y los cuadros clínicos de pacientes con coledocolitiasis mayor o igual a 15 mm en busca de factores que influyen en dicha patología

Resultados de la extracción completa de coledocolitiasis mayor o igual de 15 milímetros por medio de la colangiopancreatografía petrograda endoscópica en el, Hospital Médico Quirúrgico del Seguro Social Enero 2016 a Diciembre del 2017.

El presente trabajo de investigación se encuentra enfocado en determinar la proporción en la cual la colangiopancreatografía retrograda endoscópica (CPRE) realiza la extracción completa de coledocolitiasis mayor o igual de 15 milímetros, en pacientes del Hospital Médico Quirúrgico del Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social, los objetivos son identificar características de la población, y factores que influyen en la Extracción completa de cálculos por medio de CPRE. Internacionalmente la coledocolitiasis mayor o igual de 15 milímetros, representa una dificultad alta para su resolución por vía endoscópica, con estudios previos que reportan falla en extracción completa desde 34% (12) hasta 40 % (5) con necesidad de procedimientos quirúrgicos de alta complejidad, aumentando su morbimortalidad. La utilidad de la presente investigación será determinar el porcentaje de extracción completa de colédocolitiasis mayor o igual de 15 mm por medio de CPRE, con el fin de agilizar la resolución del cuadro; es decir proceder o no hacia un procedimiento quirúrgico. Para dicha investigación se tendrá el acceso a los libros de registro del área de endoscopia en donde se documenta cada procedimiento realizado y los cuadros clínicos de pacientes con coledocolitiasis mayor o igual a 15 mm en busca de factores que influyen en dicha patología

Vegetal synergists for trapping the adult of Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal, in pheromone baited traps, in Agave angustifolia Haw., in Morelos, Mexico

The agave weevil Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) is the main insect pest of wild and cultivated agaves in Mexico and in other countries. The management of this pest is complicated because to its cryptic habits. Recently, it has been developed a trapping system based with synthetic pheromone and food bait for monitoring this insect. However, an important part of the any trapping system is to know if any can synergize the response of the insect to the synthetic pheromone. In this study, we evaluated several vegetal tissue and ripped fruits for determining its potential as synergist for the synthetic pheromone for trapping the agave weevil in “agave espadín mezcal”, in Tlaltizapán, Morelos state. The vegetal evaluated were: “maguey espadín criollo” tissue, “maguey espadín oaxaqueño” tissue, “maguey papalote” tissue, sugarcane tissue, ripped pineapple fruit, ripped banana fruit, ripped guava fruit, ripped apple fruit, and tuberose flower. Our results showed that the best synergists were agave tissue, pineapple, banana submerged in soapy water.Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) es el insecto plaga más importante de diversas especies de agave silvestre y cultivadas en México y otros países. El manejo de este insecto se dificulta debido a los hábitos bio-ecológicos del insecto. Recientemente, se ha desarrollado un sistema de trampeo basado en feromona sintética y cebo alimenticio para monitorear a este insecto. Sin embargo, es importante conocer algunos vegetales que pueden sinergizar la respuesta de este picudo a la feromona sintética. En este estudio, se evaluaron diversos vegetales en trampas colocadas en una plantación de agave espadín, en Tlaltizapán, Morelos. Los sinergistas vegetales evaluados fueron: tejido vegetal de maguey mezcalero espadín criollo (Agave angustifolia Haw.), espadín oaxaqueño (Agave angustifolia Haw.) y maguey mezcalero papalote (Agave cupreata Trel.), tejido de caña de azúcar, fruta madura de piña, plátano, guayaba y manzana, y flor de nardo. Se encontró que los mejores sinergistas fueron tejido de agaves, piña y plátano sumergidos en el agua jabonosa de la trampa

Simultaneous Determination of Refractive Index and Thickness of Submicron Optical Polymer Films from Transmission Spectra

High-transparency polymers, called optical polymers (OPs), are used in many thin-film devices, for which the knowledge of film thickness (h) and refractive index (n) is generally required. Spectrophotometry is a cost-effective, simple and fast non-destructive method often used to determine these parameters simultaneously, but its application is limited to films where h > 500 nm. Here, a simple spectrophotometric method is reported to obtain simultaneously the n and h of a sub-micron OP film (down to values of a few tenths of a nm) from its transmission spectrum. The method is valid for any OP where the n dispersion curve follows a two-coefficient Cauchy function and complies with a certain equation involving n at two different wavelengths. Remarkably, such an equation is determined through the analysis of n data for a wide set of commercial OPs, and its general validity is demonstrated. Films of various OPs (pristine or doped with fluorescent compounds), typically used in applications such as thin-film organic lasers, are prepared, and n and h are simultaneously determined with the proposed procedure. The success of the method is confirmed with variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (MINECO) and European Community (FEDER) through grant no. MAT2015-66586-R

Molecular Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli O25b Strains Associated with Complicated Urinary Tract Infection in Children.

BACKGROUND: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) has increased the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI). It is the cause of more than 80% of community-acquired cystitis cases and more than 70% of uncomplicated acute pyelonephritis cases. AIM: The present study describes the molecular epidemiology of UPEC O25b clinical strains based on their resistance profiles, virulence genes, and genetic diversity. METHODS: Resistance profiles were identified using the Kirby-Bauer method, including the phenotypic production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). The UPEC serogroups, phylogenetic groups, virulence genes, and integrons were determined via multiplex PCR. Genetic diversity was established using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and sequence type (ST) was determined via multilocus sequence typing (MLST). RESULTS: UPEC strains (n = 126) from hospitalized children with complicated UTIs (cUTIs) were identified as O25b, of which 41.27% were multidrug resistant (MDR) and 15.87% were extensively drug resistant (XDR). The O25b strains harbored the fimH (95.23%), csgA (91.26%), papGII (80.95%), chuA (95.23%), iutD (88.09%), satA (84.92%), and intl1 (47.61%) genes. Moreover, 64.28% were producers of ESBLs and had high genetic diversity. ST131 (63.63%) was associated primarily with phylogenetic group B2, and ST69 (100%) was associated primarily with phylogenetic group D. CONCLUSION: UPEC O25b/ST131 harbors a wide genetic diversity of virulence and resistance genes, which contribute to cUTIs in pediatrics

Evaluation of antimicrobial and antifungal activity of hydroethanolic extracts of in vitro and ex vitro seedlings of Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis

Objective: To assess the antibacterial and antifungal activity of hydroethanolic extracts of Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis against model bacteria and fungi of agricultural importance. Design/Methodology/Approach: In vitro plants of D. muscipula were propagated and acclimatized for three months. The antibacterial activity of the hydroethanolic extracts against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus and the antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Pseudocercospora fijiensis were evaluated. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare the means obtained with a Tukey test (p?0.05). Results: The hydroethanolic extracts of D. muscipula in vitro and acclimatized showed a bacteriostatic activity against the bacteria E. coli (65.20 and 69.78% inhibition) and B. cereus (91.75 and 92.61% inhibition) and an antifungal activity against the fungus P. fijiensis of 7.56 and 14.21% of inhibition, respectively. Study Limitations/Implications: The hydroethanolic extracts of D. muscipula in vitro and acclimatized did not show antifungal activity against A. niger and F. oxysporum. Findings/Conclusions: The hydroethanolic extracts of D. muscipula in vitro and acclimatized showed a bacteriostatic activity against the bacteria E. coli and B. cereus and antifungal activity against the fungus P. fijiensis.Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of hydroethanolic extracts of Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis against bacteria models and fungi of agricultural importance. Design/Methodology/Approach: In vitro plants of D. muscipula were propagated and acclimatized for three months. The antibacterial activity of the hydroethanolic extracts against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus was evaluated, and the antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Pseudocercospora fijiensis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to compare the means obtained with Tukey’s test (p≤0.05). Results: The hydroethanolic extracts of in vitro and acclimatized D. muscipula presented bacteriostatic activity against the bacteria E. coli (65.20 and 69.78 % of inhibition) and B. cereus (91.75 and 92.61 % of inhibition), and antifungal activity against the fungus P. fijiensis of 7.56 and 14.21 % of inhibition, respectively. Study Limitations/Implications: The hydroethanolic extracts of in vitro and acclimatized D. muscipula did not show antifungal activity against A. niger and F. oxysporum. Findings/Conclusions: The hydroethanolic extracts of in vitro and acclimatized D. muscipula presented bacteriostatic activity against bacteria E. coli and B. cereus and antifungal activity against the fungus P. fijiensis

Nanocolumnar coatings on implants exhibiting antibacterial properties

Trabajo presentado en la 2nd International Conference on Nanomaterials Applied to Life Sciences 2020 (NALS 2020), celebrada en Madrid (España), del 29 al 31 de enero de 2020Addressing the problem of infection from the very first stage, i.e. inhibiting the formation of the bacterial biofilm, is a crucial step to prevent implant rejection. Nanocolumnar coatings exhibiting antibacterial properties have been fabricated by oblique deposition with magnetron sputtering [1]. The formation of nanocolumns (Fig.1) is the result of the effects of atomic shadowing when the atoms reach the surface along an inclined direction [2]. This technique is environmentally friendly: it is carried out at RT and does not involve chemical products (no recycling problems). Such methodology have been tested in a semiindustrial scale reactor, successfully coating in a single step the two sides of fixation plates for bone fractures [3]. Several in vitro experiments have been performed: analysis of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, analysis of osteoblast proliferation and mitochondrial activity, and osteoblasts–bacteria competitive growth scenarios, the latter also named “Race for the Surface” competition. In all these cases, the coatings show an opposite behavior toward osteoblast and bacterial proliferation [1,3]. Moreover, they are effective against Gram positive (S. aureus) and Gram negative (E. coli) bacteria [4]. Finally, when a synergic route is followed and the coatings are functionalized with Te nanorods, the antibacterial properties are enhanced, since Te adds contact-killing (Fig. 2), i.e. bactericidal effect, whilst the biocompatibility is preserved [4].MINECO and Fundación Domingo Martínez for funding. J.M.G.-M. thanks the Fulbright Commissio

Comprehensive description of clinical characteristics of a large systemic Lupus Erythematosus Cohort from the Spanish Rheumatology Society Lupus Registry (RELESSER) with emphasis on complete versus incomplete lupus differences

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple organ involvement and pronounced racial and ethnic heterogeneity. The aims of the present work were (1) to describe the cumulative clinical characteristics of those patients included in the Spanish Rheumatology Society SLE Registry (RELESSER), focusing on the differences between patients who fulfilled the 1997 ACR-SLE criteria versus those with less than 4 criteria (hereafter designated as incomplete SLE (iSLE)) and (2) to compare SLE patient characteristics with those documented in other multicentric SLE registries. RELESSER is a multicenter hospital-based registry, with a collection of data from a large, representative sample of adult patients with SLE (1997 ACR criteria) seen at Spanish rheumatology departments. The registry includes demographic data, comprehensive descriptions of clinical manifestations, as well as information about disease activity and severity, cumulative damage, comorbidities, treatments and mortality, using variables with highly standardized definitions. A total of 4.024 SLE patients (91% with ≥4 ACR criteria) were included. Ninety percent were women with a mean age at diagnosis of 35.4 years and a median duration of disease of 11.0 years. As expected, most SLE manifestations were more frequent in SLE patients than in iSLE ones and every one of the ACR criteria was also associated with SLE condition; this was particularly true of malar rash, oral ulcers and renal disorder. The analysis-adjusted by gender, age at diagnosis, and disease duration-revealed that higher disease activity, damage and SLE severity index are associated with SLE [OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.08-1.20 (P < 0.001); 1.29; 95% CI: 1.15-1.44 (P < 0.001); and 2.10; 95% CI: 1.83-2.42 (P < 0.001), respectively]. These results support the hypothesis that iSLE behaves as a relative stable and mild disease. SLE patients from the RELESSER register do not appear to differ substantially from other Caucasian populations and although activity [median SELENA-SLEDA: 2 (IQ: 0-4)], damage [median SLICC/ACR/DI: 1 (IQ: 0-2)], and severity [median KATZ index: 2 (IQ: 1-3)] scores were low, 1 of every 4 deaths was due to SLE activity. RELESSER represents the largest European SLE registry established to date, providing comprehensive, reliable and updated information on SLE in the southern European population