Perspectiva del estudiantado de Medicina sobre los contenidos LGBT en el curriculum del Grado de Medicina en España en 2019: un estudio observacional transversal

Introduction: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals face significant barriers in accessing appropriate and comprehensive medical care. The objective of this study is to evaluate the degree of preparedness and comfort autoperceived by spanish medical students and the factors that most determine their learning. Method: An online questionnaire (2019) was distributed to students (n=349) at 41 spanish medical schools. Results: Of 349 survey respondents, 326 were included in the final analysis. Globally, LGBT-related curricular content is taught to 16% (45/282) of medical students. Students often felt prepared addressing human immunodeficiency virus (170/309; 55%) and sexual orientation (149/305; 49%). They felt least prepared discussing barriers to accesing medical care (53/307; 17%) and sex reassignment surgery (61/306; 20%). Medical education helped 26,5% (82/310) of students feel “more prepared” and 22,4% (66/295) of students feel “more comfortable” to care for LGBT patients. Conclusion: sample size doesn’t allow us to make generalizations. However, our results show a trend that generally, Spanish medical students feel as comfortable as students from other countries but less prepared to care for LGBT patients. Interaction with their peers has been shown as the most important source of formation.Introducción: Las personas lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y transexuales (LGBT) se enfrentan a barreras en el acceso a una asistencia médica adecuada. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el grado de preparación y comodidad autopercibido del estudiantado de Medicina y los factores que más han determinado su aprendizaje. Métodos: En 2019 se realizó una encuesta online a estudiantes de Medicina de las 43 Facultades de Medicina españolas (n=349). Resultados: De 349 respuestas, 326 fueron finalmente analizadas. Globalmente el contenido referente a la salud de las personas LGBT se enseña a un 16% (45 de 282) de estudiantes de Medicina. Los estudiantes se sienten más preparados para abordar VIH en personas LGBT (170/309; 55%) y orientación sexual (149/305; 49%). Se sintieron menos preparados para abordar las dificultades en el acceso a los servicios de salud por parte de personas LGBT (53/307; 17%) y cirugías de reafirmación de sexo (61/306; 20%). La educación médica ayudó a que el 26,5% (82/310) de los estudiantes se sintiesen más preparados y a que el 22,4% (66/295) se sintiesen más cómodos en el trato con pacientes LGBT. Discusión: el tamaño de nuestra muestra no permite considerar los resultados como generalizables, pero sí que muestra una tendencia de que en general el estudiantado de medicina español, se siente igual de cómodo, pero menos preparado para abordar temas de salud LGBT que los estudiantes de medicina de otros países y que lo que más ha fomentado su formación en este sentido ha sido su interacción con otros estudiantes

A Hybrid Energy Solution for the Sustainable Electricity Supply of an Irrigation System in a Rural Area of Zona Bananera, Colombia

A hybrid energy system allows the integration of various technologies to meet energy demands competitively. These systems are widely used in rural areas with connection problems in the conventional electrical grid due to their economic and environmental advantages. Thus, this paper presents the design and simulation of a hybrid energy system that evaluates the suitability of using various generation sources such as photovoltaic energy, biomass, diesel generation and connection to the conventional electrical grid, in order to establish scenarios competitive to supply energy in an irrigation system of the Palmar de la Sierra experimental field, located in the municipality of Zona Bananera, Magdalena, Colombia. The sizing of the system was performed with Homer Pro software, with which technical, economic and environmental aspects of the studied scenarios were evaluated. The data of solar irradiance and the characteristics of the oil palm fruit peel, used for generation with biomass, were provided by the Cenipalma company. The results obtained show that the hybrid system (photovoltaic, biomass, diesel) can satisfy the demand of 2200 kWh/day of the irrigation system under study, using a connection to the electricity grid that allows the purchase and sale of energy.Keywords: Hybrid Energy System, Photovoltaic Energy, Biomass Gasification, Financial AnalysisJEL Classifications: Q42, G32, G00, O13DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11014</p

Measurement of the reliability of virtual tools in learning the English language using variance analysis

En el año 2020 la declaración por la emergencia sanitaria a causa del Coronavirus obliga a los centros educativos para introducir como estrategia de aprendizaje las aulas virtuales.&nbsp; En este contexto, los investigadores diseñan un plan de aprendizaje en línea para asistir a sus estudiantes. Este artículo tiene el propósito de dar a conocer los resultados de este plan en varios ámbitos. Por una parte, en la forma como los estudiantes respondieron y participaron en la plataforma virtual; y por otra, su rendimiento académico, en relación al entorno del curso presencial equivalente anterior (grupo control). Este artículo revela los resultados de una investigación cuantitativa. Los investigadores realizaron experimentos para evaluar el efecto del material didáctico sobre el rendimiento académico. Para probar este supuesto, se ha elegido una muestra de 45 estudiantes asignados al azar en tres grupos. Los estudiantes del grupo 1 revisan el documento con los contenidos programados y la guía del docente. Los estudiantes del grupo 2 recibieron el documento y una canción. Los estudiantes del grupo 3 revisaron los contenidos utilizando una película y una canción. Los estudiantes del grupo 2 presen una mejora significativa en su rendimiento, este resultado muestra que la aplicación de las herramientas tecnológicas contribuye al aprendizaje; siempre que lleven la guía del docente. Este evento se ha podido verificar mediante el análisis de varianza con tres grupos independientes.In 2020, the declaration of the health emergency due to the Coronavirus obliges schools to introduce virtual classrooms as a learning strategy. In this context, researchers design an online learning plan to assist their students. This article want to publicize the results of this plan in various areas. On the one hand, in the way the students responded and participated in the virtual platform; and on the other, their academic performance, in relation to environment of the previous equivalent face-to-face course (control group). This article reveals the results of a quantitative investigation. The researchers conducted experiments to assess the effect of the teaching material on academic performance. To test this assumption, a sample of 45 students randomized into three groups. Group 1 students review the document with the programmed contents and the teacher's guide. Group 2 students received the document and a song. Group 3 students reviewed the content using a movie and a song. Group 2 students present a significant improvement in their performance; this result shows that the application of technological tools contributes to learning as long as they have the teacher's guide. This event verified by analysis of variance with three independent groups

Optimizing dialysis dose in the context of frailty: an exploratory study

Introduction Frailty is a multicausal syndrome characterized by a decrease in strength, resistance and physiological function, which makes the individual vulnerable and dependent, and increases his/her mortality. This syndrome is more prevalent among older individuals, and chronic kidney disease patients, particularly those on dialysis. Dialysis dose is currently standardized for hemodialysis (HD) patients regardless of their age and functional status. However, it has been postulated that the dialysis dose required in older patients, especially frail ones, should be lower, since it could increase their degree of frailty. Then, the purpose of this study was to evaluate if there would be a correlation between the dose of Kt/V and the degree of frailty in a population of adult patients on HD. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study with 82 patients on HD in Barranquilla (Colombia) and Lobos (Argentina) was conducted. Socio-demographic and laboratory data, as well as dialysis doses (Kt/V) were recorded and scales of fragility, physical activity, gait and grip strength were applied. Then these data were correlated by a Spearman’s correlation and a logistic regression. Results CFS, social isolation, physical activity, gait speed, and prehensile strength tests were outside the reference ranges in the studied group. No significant correlation was found between dialysis dose and all the above mentioned functional tests. However, a significant and inverse correlation between physical activity and CFS was documented (score − 1.41 (CI − 2.1 to − 0.7). Conclusion No significant correlation was documented between Kt/V value and different parameters of the frailty status, but this status correlated significantly and inversely with physical activity in this group. Frailty status in hemodialysis patients was significantly higher in older individuals, although young individuals were not exempt from it

Federated Electronic Practical Resources using PILAR as VISIR Integrated Tool

Practical training is a pillar in technical education. Traditionally, these benefits have been acquired through hands-on laboratory sessions. However, at present, the educational models trend to rely on distance education tools either totally (e-learning, m-learning, etc.) or partially (b-learning). To provide practical training in those educational scenarios is challenging. Remote laboratories --real laboratories, working on real systems and under real conditions, controlled remotely-- can play a fundamental role. Nevertheless, remote laboratories not only provide advantages, but disadvantages of both environments involved in the process: real laboratories and remote communications. Furthermore, remote laboratories add new limitations due to constructive constraints. VISIR (Virtual Instruments System In Reality) is a remote laboratory on top of the state of the art for wiring and measuring electrical and electronics circuits, but VISIR system has his own particular restrictions like any other remote lab. In this context, PILAR (Platform Integration of Laboratories based on the Architecture of visiR) Erasmus Plus project development aims for a federation of five of the existing VISIR nodes in Europe: Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH), Spanish University for Distance Education (UNED), University of Deusto (UDEUSTO), Carinthia University of Applied Sciences (CUAS), School of Engineering of Polytechnic of Porto (ISEP). This paper describes the benefits that PILAR project will provide to the consortium, and how these physical constraints of the VISIR system can be compensated through the federation, after one year and a half of the project development and having the first draft of the federation and weebsite running.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Early rise in central venous pressure during a spontaneous breathing trial: A promising test to identify patients at high risk of weaning failure?

Background The spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) assesses the risk of weaning failure by evaluating some physiological responses to the massive venous return increase imposed by discontinuing positive pressure ventilation. This trial can be very demanding for some critically ill patients, inducing excessive physical and cardiovascular stress, including muscle fatigue, heart ischemia and eventually cardiac dysfunction. Extubation failure with emergency reintubation is a serious adverse consequence of a failed weaning process. Some data suggest that as many as 50% of patients that fail weaning do so because of cardiac dysfunction. Unfortunately, monitoring cardiovascular function at the time of the SBT is complex. The aim of our study was to explore if central venous pressure (CVP) changes were related to weaning failure after starting an SBT. We hypothesized that an early rise on CVP could signal a cardiac failure when handling a massive increase on venous return following a discontinuation of positive pressure ventilation. This CVP rise could identify a subset of patients at high risk for extubation failure. Methods Two-hundred and four mechanically ventilated patients in whom an SBT wa

The VISIR+ Project – Preliminary results of the training actions

Experimental competences allow engineering students to consolidate knowledge and skills. Remote labs are a powerful tool to aid students in those developments. The VISIR remote lab was considered the best remote lab in the world in 2015. The VISIR+ project main goal is to spread VISIR usage in Brazil and Argentina, providing technical and didactical sup- port. This paper presents an analysis of the already prosecuted actions regarding this project and an assessment of their impact in terms of conditioning factors. The overall outcomes are highly positive since, in each Latin American Higher Education Institution, all training actions were successful, the first didactical implementations were designed and ongoing in the current semester. In some cases, instead of one foreseen implementation, there are several. The most statistically conditioning factors which affected the outcomes were the pre-experience with re- mote labs, the pre-experience with VISIR and the training actions duration. The teachers’ per- ceptions that most conditioned their enrollment in implementing VISIR in their courses were related to their consciousness of the VISIR effectiveness to teach and learn. The lack of time to practice and discuss their doubts and the fulfillment of their expectations in the training actions, also affected how comfortable in modifying their course curricula teachers were.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

The range of the golden-mantle tamarin, Saguinus tripartitus (Milne Edwards, 1878): distributions and sympatry of four tamarin species in Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru

A detailed understanding of the range of the golden-mantle tamarin, Saguinus tripartitus (Milne Edwards, 1878), in Amazonian Peru and Ecuador is of particular relevance, not only because it is poorly known but also because it was on the basis of its supposed sympatry with the saddleback tamarin (S. fuscicollis lagonotus) that Thorington (Am J Primatol 15:367–371, 1988) argued that it is a distinct species rather than a saddleback tamarin subspecies, as was believed by Hershkovitz (Living new world monkeys, vol I. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1977). A number of surveys have been carried out since 1988 in the supposed range of S. tripartitus, in both Ecuador and Peru. Here we summarize and discuss these issues and provide a new suggestion for the geographic range of this species; that is, between the ríos Napo and Curaray in Peru and extending east into Ecuador. We also review current evidence for the distributions of Spix’s black-mantle tamarin (S. nigricollis nigricollis), Graells’ black-mantle tamarin (S. n. graellsi), and the saddleback tamarin (S. fuscicollis lagonotus), which are also poorly known, and examine the evidence regarding sympatry between them. We conclude that despite the existence of a number of specimens with collecting localities that indicate overlap in their geographic ranges, the fact that the four tamarin species are of similar size and undoubtedly very similar in their feeding habits militates strongly against the occurrence of sympatry among them

La educación en psicología a través de la virtualidad

La educación en psicología a través de la virtualidad es la presentación de las investigaciones que se han realizado en Politécnico Grancolombiano sobre cómo educar (y mejorar el proceso educativo), desde la disciplina encargada de velar por la salud mental de las personas. A lo largo de estos capítulos se describen las mejores estrategias para mantener la educación virtual con los más altos estándares de calidad, para finalmente entender cómo proyectarnos en medio de los retos de ejercer una profesión que tradicionalmente se ha contextualizado en la presencialidad

HTLV-1 infection in solid organ transplant donors and recipients in Spain

HTLV-1 infection is a neglected disease, despite infecting 10-15 million people worldwide and severe illnesses develop in 10% of carriers lifelong. Acknowledging a greater risk for developing HTLV-1 associated illnesses due to immunosuppression, screening is being widely considered in the transplantation setting. Herein, we report the experience with universal HTLV testing of donors and recipients of solid organ transplants in a survey conducted in Spain. All hospitals belonging to the Spanish HTLV network were invited to participate in the study. Briefly, HTLV antibody screening was performed retrospectively in all specimens collected from solid organ donors and recipients attended since the year 2008. A total of 5751 individuals were tested for HTLV antibodies at 8 sites. Donors represented 2312 (42.2%), of whom 17 (0.3%) were living kidney donors. The remaining 3439 (59.8%) were recipients. Spaniards represented nearly 80%. Overall, 9 individuals (0.16%) were initially reactive for HTLV antibodies. Six were donors and 3 were recipients. Using confirmatory tests, HTLV-1 could be confirmed in only two donors, one Spaniard and another from Colombia. Both kidneys of the Spaniard were inadvertently transplanted. Subacute myelopathy developed within 1 year in one recipient. The second recipient seroconverted for HTLV-1 but the kidney had to be removed soon due to rejection. Immunosuppression was stopped and 3 years later the patient remains in dialysis but otherwise asymptomatic. The rate of HTLV-1 is low but not negligible in donors/recipients of solid organ transplants in Spain. Universal HTLV screening should be recommended in all donor and recipients of solid organ transplantation in Spain. Evidence is overwhelming for very high virus transmission and increased risk along with the rapid development of subacute myelopathy