La OCDE: un perfil crítico

This article presents a critical description of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)  based on the general orientation, tasks and means for the fulfillment of the functions of this organization. In the same way, an analysis to the work by the OECD is presented taking into account how this international body uses empirical evidence and expert knowledge for the identification of best governance practices, the establishment of standards with a normative focus, the promotion of regulatory frameworks, and the impulse it offers to the creation of convergences in public policies. This work concludes with an analysis of the OECD’s commitment to a specific rationale for driving economic development and the promotion of ideal States and individuals.    oecd , subjects.En este artículo se propone realizar una caracterización crítica de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (ocde) a partir de su orientación general, tareas y medios empleados en el cumplimiento de sus funciones. Del mismo modo, se presenta una aproximación a la labor de esa Organización a partir de la utilización que hace de evidencia empírica y conocimiento experto en la identificación de las mejores prácticas de gobierno, en la precisión de estándares con vocación normativa, en la promoción de marcos regulatorios y en el impulso que ofrece a la formación de convergencias en políticas públicas. Esta contribución concluye con un análisis del compromiso de la ocde con una determinada racionalidad rectora de política económica, así como con la promoción de un ideal de Estado y de sujeto

Mobile sensing for behavioral research: A component-based approach for rapid deployment of sensing campaigns

The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was partially funded by the National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) in Mexico through a scholarship provided to I.R.F. Also, this work was partially funded by the Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITSON) through the PROFAPI program.Collecting experimental data from multiple sensing devices has just recently become quite popular in behavioral and social sciences. Among existing devices, mobile phones stand out as they allow researchers to collect data from individuals in an unbiased, precise, unobtrusive, and timely manner. Current mobile sensing applications are typically developed from scratch, provide no reusable components, and frequently do not take advantage of the devices’ processing capabilities. In light of such limitations, this work presents a novel tool that leverages mobile phones not only to collect data via their sensors but also to process them on the device as soon as they are gathered. The tool provides researchers with easy-to-use services that allow them to configure the required processing routines on the mobile phones. This work proposes a new approach for rapid deployment of sensing campaigns targeted at scientists with basic technical knowledge and requiring low effort. We performed an evaluation aimed at determining whether there is a significant improvement in terms of user effectiveness and efficiency in the definition of new components. The results suggest that the proposed tool speeds up the time and reduces the effort taken for setting up and deploying a sensing campaign

The role of attributions in abstinence, lapse, and relapse following substance abuse treatment

This study examined the role of attributions in the lapse and relapse process following substance abuse treatment. According to Marlatt and Gordon's theoretical framework, attributions made after a lapse (e.g., the Abstinence Violation Effect [AVE]) determine whether it progresses to a relapse. Also examined were the attributions of recovering drug users who were tempted but remained abstinent (never lapsed). Ninety-seven participants were recruited from an inpatient treatment center for substance abuse and completed an interview 6 months after leaving treatment. Findings partially confirmed predictions made by the AVE. Predictions made by the AVE were not supported in that lapsers and relapsers were similar regarding their internal/external attributions following a return to drug use; predictions were supported as relapsers made more stable and global attributions as compared to lapsers. Also as predicted, abstainers made more internal, stable, and global attributions regarding their abstinence (as compared to lapsers following their slip). Abstainers' attributions for their success in remaining abstinent tended to be similar to the attributions made by relapsers for their failure to remain abstinent (i.e., for their relapse). Combined, these findings highlight the complexity of the attributional process in early recovery from substance abuse. Clinical and research implications of the findings are discussed in relation to substance abuse relapse prevention.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/31616/1/0000547.pd

Fabrication and arc erosion behavior of Ag-SnO2-ZnO electrical contact materials

This study investigated the synthesis of Ag-SnO2-ZnO by powder metallurgy methods and their subsequent electrical contact behavior. The pieces of Lambda g-SnO2-ZnO were prepared by ball milling and hot pressing. The arc erosion behavior of the material was evaluated using homemade equipment. The microstructure and phase evolution of the materials were investigated through X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that, although the mass loss of the Ag-SnO2-ZnO composite (9.08 mg) during the electrical contact test was higher than that of the commercial Ag-CdO (1.42 mg), its electrical conductivity remained constant (26.9 +/- 1.5% IACS). This fact would be related to the reaction of Zn2SnO4's formation on the material's surface via electric arc. This reaction would play an important role in controlling the surface segregation and subsequent loss of electrical conductivity of this type of composite, thus enabling the development of a new electrical contact material to replace the non-environmentally friendly Ag-CdO composite

Sistema de alerta de riesgos en hogares mediante SMS

En este artículo se plantea un sistema de control y alerta de riesgos residencial que permite prevenir, mitigar o reducir pérdidas humanas o económicas, como consecuencias de eventos como, incendio, fuga de gas, inundación y accesos no permitidos en hogares, a través del uso de un sistema de transmisión de alerta por medio de mensajes de texto aun teléfono celular. En el diseño de la solución obtenida se analizaron, identificaron y evaluaron variables que puedan generar un gran impacto dentro de un domicilio, para que mediante el diseño de un prototipo estas variables sean sensadas, y ante un eventual riesgo se transmiten empleando un modem GSM que permita no solo informar el evento sino tomar acciones de control, en forma remota, dependiendo del evento presentado

Desempeño biofísico y económico de sistemas de cultivos extensivos: una aproximación basada en modelos de simulación y algoritmos genéticos

En este trabajo se presenta un framework basado en modelos de simulación de cultivos y algoritmos genéticos para encontrar las combinaciones de variables de manejo (i.e. fertilización, secuencias y estructura de cultivos, y aplicación de fitosanitarios) que optimicen el desempeño biofísico y económico de sistemas de agrícolas extensivos. Además, se proponen valores umbral hipotéticos para las variable biofísicas y económicas a partir del cual se podría generar el colapso del sistema. Se generó una herramienta de diagnóstico que permite medir la distancia entre el desempeño de prácticas reales modales para Pergamino y los óptimos obtenidos mediante la optimización del algoritmo genético. Finalmente, se discuten las limitaciones de este tipo de aproximación y las implicancias para el diseño de sistemas de cultivos extensivos sustentables.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ

High performance of metallic thin films for resistance temperature devices with antimicrobial properties

Titanium-copper alloy films with stoichiometry given by Ti1−xCux were produced by magnetron co-sputtering technique and analyzed in order to explore the suitability of the films to be applied as resistive temperature sensors with antimicrobial properties. For that, the copper (Cu) amount in the films was varied by applying different DC currents to the source during the deposition in order to change the Cu concentration. As a result, the samples showed excellent thermoresistivity linearity and stability for temperatures in the range between room temperature to 110 °C. The sample concentration of Ti0.70Cu0.30 has better characteristics to act as RTD, especially the αTCR of 1990 ×10−6°C−1. The antimicrobial properties of the Ti1−xCux films were analyzed by exposing the films to the bacterias S. aureus and E. coli, and comparing them with bare Ti and Cu films that underwent the same protocol. The Ti1−xCux thin films showed bactericidal effects, by log10 reduction for both bacteria, irrespective of the Cu concentrations. As a test of concept, the selected sample was subjected to 160 h reacting to variations in ambient temperature, presenting results similar to a commercial temperature sensor. Therefore, these Ti1−xCux thin films become excellent antimicrobial candidates to act as temperature sensors in advanced coating systems.This work was supported by FCT-UIDB/04650/2020. A.L.R.S. thanks CAPES (88887.572905 /2020-00) and CNPq. M.A.C. thanks CAPES (8887.573100/2020-00) and CNPq. A.F. thanks the FCT (CTTI-31/18-C.F. (2) junior researcher contract)

Evaluación de resistencia de 30 genotipos de maíz a Sitophilus zeamais Motsch (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) en laboratorio

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