345 research outputs found

    The Number of X Chromosomes Influences Inflammatory Cytokine Production Following Toll-Like Receptor Stimulation

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    Sex differences are observed in the evolution of numerous inflammatory conditions. Women exhibit better clinical courses compared to men in acute inflammatory processes, yet worse prognosis in several chronic inflammatory diseases. Inflammatory markers are significantly different between prepubertal boys and girls, whose sex steroid levels are very low, suggesting genetics play a role. To evaluate the potential influence of the X chromosome, we studied cytokine production and protein phosphorylation following Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation in whole blood and purified neutrophils and monocytes of healthy adults of both sexes as well as subjects with Klinefelter syndrome. We recorded higher levels of inflammatory cytokines in men compared to both women and patients with Klinefelter syndrome following whole blood stimulation. In purified monocytes, production of inflammatory cytokines was also higher in men compared to women, while Klinefelter subjects expressed the same pattern of cytokine production as males, in contrast with whole blood analyses. These differences remained after adjusting for sex steroid levels. Our study revealed higher cytokine inflammatory responses in men than women, yet also compared to subjects with Klinefelter syndrome, who carry two copies of the X chromosome, like women, and thus potentially benefit from the cellular mosaicism of X-linked genes

    Cultivars and Sampling Regions Influence on Cassava Roots and Their Fermented Flours Characteristics

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    Abstract: This study was carried out to check the influence of some factors (cultivars and sampling regions) on the physicochemical characteristics of two energizing products: cassava roots and derivative fermented flours. Cassava roots of three local cultivars were drawn from ten different regions of Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) and processed into fermented flours. These both products characteristics were significantly (P<0.05) affected by cultivars and sampling regions. The effects of the interaction cultivarsregions were also shown to be significant. These factors induced differences about physicochemical characteristics between the studied products

    Test de Germination des Graines de Ricin (Ricinus communis L.) Sous Différentes Contrainte Abiotiques

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    Ricinus communis L., est utilisĂ© comme biocarburant et possĂšde de nombreuses vertus. Cependant, les rĂ©centes recherches menĂ©es en Afrique de l’Ouest fournissent peu d’information sur ses potentialitĂ©s encore moins sur sa croissance. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est d’évaluer la rĂ©ponse des graines de ricin Ă  diffĂ©rentes mĂ©thodes de prĂ©traitement. Le dispositif utilisĂ© est un bloc complĂštement randomisĂ© Ă  quatre rĂ©pĂ©titions et neuf traitements. Les traitements ont Ă©tĂ© constituĂ©s de graines tĂ©moins ; de graines scarifiĂ©es Ă  la main (SM) ; de graines trempĂ©es dans l’eau de robinet Ă  la tempĂ©rature ambiante pendant 12 heures (ER12h), pendant 24 heures (ER24h), pendant 48 heures (ER48h) ; de graines trempĂ©es dans l’eau prĂ©alablement portĂ©e Ă  Ă©bullition ( ÌŽ 100°C) pendant 20 minutes (EC20min), pendant 40 minutes (EC40min) ; de graines trempĂ©es dans l’eau Ă  la tempĂ©rature ambiante aprĂšs scarification de celles-ci, pendant 24 heures (SM24h), pendant 48 heures (SM48h). Vingt graines ont Ă©tĂ© semĂ©es par traitement et les observations ont portĂ© d’une part, sur la capacitĂ© de germination, le temps moyen de germination, le dĂ©lai de germination et le coefficient de vĂ©locitĂ© de germination ; et d’autre part sur la croissance des jeunes plants. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que les graines de ricin ne prĂ©sentent pas rĂ©ellement de rĂ©sistance mĂ©canique, ce qui s’est traduit par une capacitĂ© de germination Ă©levĂ©e aprĂšs un trempage Ă  l’eau pendant 12 heures. La scarification appliquĂ©e uniquement et le traitement thermique des graines n’ont pas favorisĂ© une bonne germination des graines. Le temps de germination moyen a Ă©tĂ© plus court au niveau de la graine scarifiĂ©e avec un temps d’imbibition plus long. Un prĂ© trempage des graines Ă  l’eau chaude pendant 20 minutes n’a pas permis la germination des graines, contrairement Ă  celui qui a durĂ© 40 minutes. La croissance des plantes et le rythme d’apparition des feuilles ont Ă©tĂ© plus rapide avec les graines scarifiĂ©es et trempĂ©es Ă  l’eau. Cette Ă©tude a montrĂ© que la multiplication par graine de cette espĂšce pourrait ĂȘtre limitĂ©e par un prĂ©traitement Ă  la chaleur.   Ricinus communis L. is used as a biofuel and has many virtues. In recent research conducted in West Africa, little information exists on its potential and even less about its growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate methods of breaking seed dormancy and stimulating the growth of R. communis. The device used is a completely randomized block in four repetitions and nine treatments. The treatments consist of control seeds, hand-scarified seeds (SM), seeds soaked in tap water at ambient temperature for 12 hours (ER12h), for 24 hours (ER24h), for 48 hours (ER48h); seeds soaked in water previously boiled ( ÌŽ 100°C) for 20 minutes (EC20min), for 40 minutes (EC40min); seeds soaked in water at ambient temperature after scarifying the seeds for 24 hours (SM24h), for 48 hours (SM48h). Twenty seeds of R. communis were sown per treatment and observations were made on the one hand on germination capacity, mean germination time, germination time and velocity coefficient; and on the other hand, on the growth of young plants. The results showed that the castor seeds did not really show any mechanical resistance which resulted in a high germination capacity after soaking in water for 12 hours. Scarification alone and heat treatment of the seeds does not promote good seed germination. The average germination time is shorter when the seed is scarified with a longer soaking time. Soaking in hot water for 20 minutes did not allow the seeds to germinate, unlike 40 minutes. Plant growth was faster with scarified and water-soaked seeds. This study showed that multiplication by seed of this species could be limited by heat pretreatment

    Test de Germination des Graines de Ricin (Ricinus communis L.) Sous Différentes Contraintes Abiotiques

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    Ricinus communis L., est utilisĂ© comme biocarburant et possĂšde de nombreuses vertus. Cependant, les rĂ©centes recherches menĂ©es en Afrique de l’Ouest fournissent peu d’information sur ses potentialitĂ©s encore moins sur sa croissance. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est d’évaluer la rĂ©ponse des graines de ricin Ă  diffĂ©rentes mĂ©thodes de prĂ©traitement. Le dispositif utilisĂ© est un bloc complĂštement randomisĂ© Ă  quatre rĂ©pĂ©titions et neuf traitements. Les traitements ont Ă©tĂ© constituĂ©s de graines tĂ©moins ; de graines scarifiĂ©es Ă  la main (SM) ; de graines trempĂ©es dans l’eau de robinet Ă  la tempĂ©rature ambiante pendant 12 heures (ER12h), pendant 24 heures (ER24h), pendant 48 heures (ER48h) ; de graines trempĂ©es dans l’eau prĂ©alablement portĂ©e Ă  Ă©bullition ( ÌŽ 100°C) pendant 20 minutes (EC20min), pendant 40 minutes (EC40min) ; de graines trempĂ©es dans l’eau Ă  la tempĂ©rature ambiante aprĂšs scarification de celles-ci, pendant 24 heures (SM24h), pendant 48 heures (SM48h). Vingt graines ont Ă©tĂ© semĂ©es par traitement et les observations ont portĂ© d’une part, sur la capacitĂ© de germination, le temps moyen de germination, le dĂ©lai de germination et le coefficient de vĂ©locitĂ© de germination ; et d’autre part sur la croissance des jeunes plants. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que les graines de ricin ne prĂ©sentent pas rĂ©ellement de rĂ©sistance mĂ©canique, ce qui s’est traduit par une capacitĂ© de germination Ă©levĂ©e aprĂšs un trempage Ă  l’eau pendant 12 heures. La scarification appliquĂ©e uniquement et le traitement thermique des graines n’ont pas favorisĂ© une bonne germination des graines. Le temps de germination moyen a Ă©tĂ© plus court au niveau de la graine scarifiĂ©e avec un temps d’imbibition plus long. Un prĂ© trempage des graines Ă  l’eau chaude pendant 20 minutes n’a pas permis la germination des graines, contrairement Ă  celui qui a durĂ© 40 minutes. La croissance des plantes et le rythme d’apparition des feuilles ont Ă©tĂ© plus rapide avec les graines scarifiĂ©es et trempĂ©es Ă  l’eau. Cette Ă©tude a montrĂ© que la multiplication par graine de cette espĂšce pourrait ĂȘtre limitĂ©e par un prĂ©traitement Ă  la chaleur.   Ricinus communis L. is used as a biofuel and has many virtues. In recent research conducted in West Africa, little information exists on its potential and even less about its growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate methods of breaking seed dormancy and stimulating the growth of R. communis. The device used is a completely randomized block in four repetitions and nine treatments. The treatments consist of control seeds, hand-scarified seeds (SM), seeds soaked in tap water at ambient temperature for 12 hours (ER12h), for 24 hours (ER24h), for 48 hours (ER48h); seeds soaked in water previously boiled ( ÌŽ 100°C) for 20 minutes (EC20min), for 40 minutes (EC40min); seeds soaked in water at ambient temperature after scarifying the seeds for 24 hours (SM24h), for 48 hours (SM48h). Twenty seeds of R. communis were sown per treatment and observations were made on the one hand on germination capacity, mean germination time, germination time and velocity coefficient; and on the other hand, on the growth of young plants. The results showed that the castor seeds did not really show any mechanical resistance which resulted in a high germination capacity after soaking in water for 12 hours. Scarification alone and heat treatment of the seeds does not promote good seed germination. The average germination time is shorter when the seed is scarified with a longer soaking time. Soaking in hot water for 20 minutes did not allow the seeds to germinate, unlike 40 minutes. Plant growth was faster with scarified and water-soaked seeds. This study showed that multiplication by seed of this species could be limited by heat pretreatment.   &nbsp

    Test de Germination des Graines de Ricin (Ricinus communis L.) Sous Différentes Contraintes Abiotiques

    Get PDF
    Ricinus communis L., est utilisĂ© comme biocarburant et possĂšde de nombreuses vertus. Cependant, les rĂ©centes recherches menĂ©es en Afrique de l’Ouest fournissent peu d’information sur ses potentialitĂ©s encore moins sur sa croissance. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est d’évaluer la rĂ©ponse des graines de ricin Ă  diffĂ©rentes mĂ©thodes de prĂ©traitement. Le dispositif utilisĂ© est un bloc complĂštement randomisĂ© Ă  quatre rĂ©pĂ©titions et neuf traitements. Les traitements ont Ă©tĂ© constituĂ©s de graines tĂ©moins ; de graines scarifiĂ©es Ă  la main (SM) ; de graines trempĂ©es dans l’eau de robinet Ă  la tempĂ©rature ambiante pendant 12 heures (ER12h), pendant 24 heures (ER24h), pendant 48 heures (ER48h) ; de graines trempĂ©es dans l’eau prĂ©alablement portĂ©e Ă  Ă©bullition ( ÌŽ 100°C) pendant 20 minutes (EC20min), pendant 40 minutes (EC40min) ; de graines trempĂ©es dans l’eau Ă  la tempĂ©rature ambiante aprĂšs scarification de celles-ci, pendant 24 heures (SM24h), pendant 48 heures (SM48h). Vingt graines ont Ă©tĂ© semĂ©es par traitement et les observations ont portĂ© d’une part, sur la capacitĂ© de germination, le temps moyen de germination, le dĂ©lai de germination et le coefficient de vĂ©locitĂ© de germination ; et d’autre part sur la croissance des jeunes plants. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que les graines de ricin ne prĂ©sentent pas rĂ©ellement de rĂ©sistance mĂ©canique, ce qui s’est traduit par une capacitĂ© de germination Ă©levĂ©e aprĂšs un trempage Ă  l’eau pendant 12 heures. La scarification appliquĂ©e uniquement et le traitement thermique des graines n’ont pas favorisĂ© une bonne germination des graines. Le temps de germination moyen a Ă©tĂ© plus court au niveau de la graine scarifiĂ©e avec un temps d’imbibition plus long. Un prĂ© trempage des graines Ă  l’eau chaude pendant 20 minutes n’a pas permis la germination des graines, contrairement Ă  celui qui a durĂ© 40 minutes. La croissance des plantes et le rythme d’apparition des feuilles ont Ă©tĂ© plus rapide avec les graines scarifiĂ©es et trempĂ©es Ă  l’eau. Cette Ă©tude a montrĂ© que la multiplication par graine de cette espĂšce pourrait ĂȘtre limitĂ©e par un prĂ©traitement Ă  la chaleur.   Ricinus communis L. is used as a biofuel and has many virtues. In recent research conducted in West Africa, little information exists on its potential and even less about its growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate methods of breaking seed dormancy and stimulating the growth of R. communis. The device used is a completely randomized block in four repetitions and nine treatments. The treatments consist of control seeds, hand-scarified seeds (SM), seeds soaked in tap water at ambient temperature for 12 hours (ER12h), for 24 hours (ER24h), for 48 hours (ER48h); seeds soaked in water previously boiled ( ÌŽ 100°C) for 20 minutes (EC20min), for 40 minutes (EC40min); seeds soaked in water at ambient temperature after scarifying the seeds for 24 hours (SM24h), for 48 hours (SM48h). Twenty seeds of R. communis were sown per treatment and observations were made on the one hand on germination capacity, mean germination time, germination time and velocity coefficient; and on the other hand, on the growth of young plants. The results showed that the castor seeds did not really show any mechanical resistance which resulted in a high germination capacity after soaking in water for 12 hours. Scarification alone and heat treatment of the seeds does not promote good seed germination. The average germination time is shorter when the seed is scarified with a longer soaking time. Soaking in hot water for 20 minutes did not allow the seeds to germinate, unlike 40 minutes. Plant growth was faster with scarified and water-soaked seeds. This study showed that multiplication by seed of this species could be limited by heat pretreatment.   &nbsp

    Gender differences and inflammation: an in vitro model of blood cells stimulation in prepubescent children

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    Gender influences clinical presentations and markers in inflammatory diseases. In many chronic conditions, frequency of complications is greater in females, suggesting that continuous inflammatory reaction may induce greater damage in targeted organs and functions.Journal ArticleSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    Effets Des Technologies Membranaires Sur Les Caracteristiques Physicochimiques Des Extraits De Fruits De La Passion (Passiflora Edulis)

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    The passion fruit or grenadilla is usually consumed in the form of juice and its pleasant intensive aroma and flavor make it an attractive element for the food industry. The objective of the present work is to determine the effects of membrane technologies such as tangential microfiltration and reverse osmosis on the physicochemical characteristics of passion fruit extracts. The characteristics of the various extracts were determined according to conventional methods. In addition, statistical methods were applied to the data collected in order to determine the effects of membrane technologies. The results showed a yield of 89.33% for the extraction of the microfiltered juice and a volume reduction factor of 16.75 for the concentrate. In addition, the microfiltration-concentration process significantly (p <0.05) influenced the physicochemical parameters of the extracts produced. Thus, tangential microfiltration made it possible to clarify the crude extract by changing from a turbidity of 89.23 ± 1.71 to 0.72 ± 0.02 NTU. It has also resulted in a significant decrease in pH and flavonoids contents. Principal component analysis confirmed the existence of differences between the extracts produced despite the various correlations between their characteristics. It revealed that the JB and CMFT extracts are characterized by their high pH and low density. On the other hand, the COI extract is characterized by its brix degree, viscosity, conductivity and high vitamin C content. In addition, reverse osmosis has the advantage of concentrating the compounds of interest of clarified juice with a concentration factor ranging from 2.15 to 9.39

    Comparison of culture and qPCR for the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in not chronically infected cystic fibrosis patients

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    Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the major respiratory pathogen causing severe lung infections among CF patients, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Once infection is established, early antibiotic treatment is able to postpone the transition to chronic lung infection. In order to optimize the early detection, we compared the sensitivity of microbiological culture and quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the detection of P. aeruginosa in respiratory samples of not chronically infected CF patients.Comparative StudyJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    AsymĂ©trie d’information et marchĂ©s financiers : une synthĂšse de la littĂ©rature rĂ©cente

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    Cet article est une synthĂšse des recherches rĂ©centes en matiĂšre d’asymĂ©trie d’informations sur les marchĂ©s financiers. L’impact de diffĂ©rentes hypothĂšses sur l’existence et l’efficience informationnelle des Ă©quilibres est Ă©tudiĂ©. Le cas de la concurrence parfaite est d’abord analysĂ© (Grossman et Stiglitz, 1980). Puis la concurrence imparfaite est analysĂ©e. On distingue deux cas, selon que le bruit qui empĂȘche le prix d’ĂȘtre parfaitement rĂ©vĂ©lateur provient d’une offre exogĂšne (KyIe, 1985, 1989), ou d’une dotation alĂ©atoire des agents informĂ©s (Glosten, 1989; Bhattacharya et Spiegel, 1990; Bossaerts et Hughson, 1991). Dans le premier cas, l’équilibre existe toujours. Dans le second cas, il n’existe que si le bruit est assez Ă©levĂ© ou si le support de sa distribution est bornĂ©.The impact of different hypotheses on the existence and informativeness of rational expectations equilibria is analyzed within a simple synthetic model. The case of perfect competition is first analyzed (Grossman and Stiglitz, 1980). Second imperfect competition with exogenous noise trading is studied (KyIe 1985, 1989). Informational efficiency is lower than in the previous case, because of the strategic behaviour of the insider. Third, imperfect competition without noise trader, but with unknown random endowments of the informed agent is analyzed (Glosten, 1989; Bhattacharya and Spiegel, 1990; Bossaerts and Hughson, 1991). In contrast with the previous case, equilibrium exists only if there is enough noise
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